Physics 1: Energy Knowledge Organiser PDF

Physics 1: Energy Section 3: Energy Resources Physics 1: Energy Resource Renewable...

Physics 1: Energy Section 3: Energy Resources Physics 1: Energy Resource Renewable? Uses Advantages Disadvantages Section 1: Energy stores and methods of transfer 19 Fossil Fuels Non- Electricit Reliable – electricity can Produces carbon dioxide, a 1 Chemical store Energy stored as chemicals waiting to react. Renewable y, be generated all of the greenhouse gas that causes 2 Kinetic store Energy stored in objects that move. transport time. global warming. 3 Gravitational , heating Relatively cheap way of Can produce sulphur dioxide, a Energy stored in objects raised up against the force of gravity. Potential store generating electricity. gas that causes acid rain. 4 Elastic Potential 20 Nuclear Non- Electricit Produces no carbon Produces nuclear waste that Energy stored in an object that have been stretched. store Fuel Renewable y dioxide when generating remains radioactive for Energy stored in the movement of particles. It is a combination of electricity. thousands of years. the kinetic energy of the particles and the potential energy of Reliable – electricity can Expensive to build and 5 Internal store particles that are apart from each other. Can be modified by be generated all of the decommission power stations. heating or cooling. time. Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms that can fuse (nuclear fusion) 21 Bio Fuel Renewable Heating, Carbon neutral. Production of fuel may damage 6 Nuclear store or split (nuclear fission). electricit Reliable – electricity can ecosystems and create a 7 Magnetic store Energy stored in magnets that are attracting or repelling. y be generated all of the monoculture. Energy stored in electric charges that are attracting or time. 8 Electrostatic store repelling. 22 Wind Renewable Electricit No CO2 produced while Unreliable – may not produce 9 Mechanical y generating electricity. electricity during low wind. Energy transferred when a force moves through a distance. transfer Expensive to construct. 10 Electrical transfer Energy Section 2: Equations to learn transferred when a charge moves. 23 Renewable Electricit No CO 2 produced while Blocks rivers stopping fish 11 Radiation Hydroelectricit y generating electricity. migration. Calculation Equation Symbol Energy transferred by electromagnetic Units radiation. transfer y Unreliable – may not produce equation 12 Heat transfer Energy transferred when an object is heated. electricity during droughts. 13 Kinetic energy Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x Ek = 0.5 m v2 Energy – Joules (J) 24 Geothermal Renewable Electricit Does not damage Fluids drawn from ground may store velocity 2 Mass – kilograms (kg) y, ecosystems. contain greenhouse gases such Velocity – metres per heating Reliable source of as CO2 and methane. These second (m/s) electricity generation. contribute to global warming. 14 Gravitational Gravitational potential energy Ep = m g h Energy – Joules (J) potential energy = mass x gravitational field Mass – kilograms (kg) 25 Tidal Renewable Electricit No CO 2 produced while Unreliable – tides vary. store strength x height Gravitational field y generating electricity. May damage tidal ecosystem strength – Newtons per e.g. mudflats. kilogram (N/kg) 26 Waves Renewable Electricit No CO 2 produced while Unreliable – may not produce Height – metres (m) y generating electricity. electricity during calm seas. 15 Power Power =energy transferred ÷ P = E Power – Watts (W) time t Energy transferred – 27 Solar Renewable Electricit No CO2 produced while Unreliable – does not produce Joules (J) y, generating electricity. electricity at night. Limited Time – seconds (s) Section 4: Key terms heating production on cloudy days. 16 Power Power = work done ÷ time P=W Power – Watts (W) Energy becoming spread out instead of inExpensive to construct. a concentrated store. “Wasted” 28 Dissipation t Work done – Joules (J) energy. Time – seconds (s) A method of reducing unwanted energy transfers by application of a 29 Lubrication 17 Efficiency Efficiency = useful energy Energy – Joules (J) lubricant (e.g. oil) to reduce friction. Occurs in machines. output A method of reducing energy transfers by the use of insulators (non- 30 Insulation total energy input conductive material). Occurs in buildings. 18 Efficiency Efficiency = useful power Power – Watts (W) 31 Conservation of The law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Section 3: Energy Resources Section 3: Energy Resources Physics 1: Energy Resource Renewable? Uses Advantages Disadvantages Resource Renewable? Uses Advantages Disadvantages 19 Fossil Fuels Reliable – electricity 19 Fossil Fuels Reliable – electricity can be generated all of can be generated all of the time. the time. Relatively cheap way of Relatively cheap way of generating electricity. generating electricity. 20 Nuclear Electricit 20 Nuclear Electricit Fuel y Fuel y 22 Wind Electricit No CO2 produced while 22 Wind Electricit No CO2 produced while y generating electricity. y generating electricity. 23 Renewable Electricit Blocks rivers stopping fish 23 Renewable Electricit Blocks rivers stopping fish Hydroelectricit y migration. Hydroelectrici y migration. y Unreliable – may not produce ty Unreliable – may not produce electricity during droughts. electricity during droughts. 24 Geothermal Renewable Electricit Does not damage Fluids drawn from ground may 24 Renewable Electricit Does not damage Fluids drawn from ground may y, ecosystems. contain greenhouse gases Geothermal y, ecosystems. contain greenhouse gases heating Reliable source of such as CO2 and methane. heating Reliable source of such as CO2 and methane. electricity generation. These contribute to global electricity generation. These contribute to global warming. warming. 27 Solar Renewable No CO2 produced while 27 Solar Renewable No CO2 produced while generating electricity. generating electricity. Section 2: Equations to learn Section 2: Equations to learn Calculation Equation Symbol equation Calculation Equation Symbol equation 13 Kinetic energy store 13 Kinetic energy store 14 Gravitational potential 14 Gravitational potential energy store energy store 15 Power 15 Power