OTH 204 Lecture 6-3 Motor Learning PDF

Chapter 21 Motor Learning and Task-Oriented Frames “Most of the day is spent engaging in occupations that require motor functions to support performance.” GILLEN, 2014  Motor Learning Theories Rehabilitative approach Draws on theories from p...

Chapter 21 Motor Learning and Task-Oriented Frames “Most of the day is spent engaging in occupations that require motor functions to support performance.” GILLEN, 2014  Motor Learning Theories Rehabilitative approach Draws on theories from psychology, behavioral sciences, neurology, medicine and allied health research Motor learning directly relates to task performance Task-oriented, top-down, client-centered  Focus Restoring functional movement Applicable to broad range of health conditions Meaningful tasks of the client’s own choosing provide the greatest motivation for repeated efforts to recover  Theoretical Base Nonlinear science Neuroplasticity & brain self-organization Social Cognitive Theory (motivation, intention, and self-determination) Motor learning Motor control Recovery of function  Theoretical Base (cont.) Learning Theory (Shumway-Cook & Woollacott, 2012) Associative Learning o Procedural learning o Declarative learning Nonassociative Learning o Habituation o Sensitization  Theoretical Base (cont.) Task-Oriented Motor Learning Theory Schema theory (Schmidt, 1975; Schmidt & Lee, 2005) Ecological theory (Newell, 1991)  Theoretical Base (cont.) Task-Oriented Training Timmerman’s training components Contextual interference Transfer of learning Recovery  Function & Dysfunction Continuum from Function to Dysfunction o Cognitive stage o Fixation stage o Autonomous stage Function: Gradual increase in the degrees of freedom within which skilled movements are performed Compensatory strategies  Change & Motivation Change o Learning motor strategies by trial and error o Practice and refinement of skilled movements Motivation o Social and occupational roles with which a client identifies or aspires o Client-selected tasks that are challenging and meaningful  Evaluation Dynamic Conducted during occupational and role performance in natural settings  Intervention One holistic approach o Remediation: Develop optimal motor and cognitive strategies o Adaptation: Alter task demand and environmental contexts o Compensation: Modification Evaluation and intervention occur simultaneously  Weight-Bearing Strategies for Occupational Performance Normalize high and low muscle tone o Dynamic reaching beyond arm span o Forearm weight-bearing patterns o Extended arm weight-bearing o Weight-bearing through affected lower extremity Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy CIMT – Stroke/acquired brain injury survivors Involves forced use of the affected side by constraining the unimpaired limb Intense and repetitive practice of functional movements on the affected side Clients choose tasks for practice Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance Approach (CO-OP) – Children with motor-based learning problems First called verbal self-guidance 4 Objectives o Skill acquisition o Strategy use o Generalization o Transfer of learning