Oral skills.pdf

Research Methodology Oral presentation skills (OPS)  Oral presentation skills (OPS) Definition: An oral Presentation is a formal, structural and systematic presentation of a message to audience. Oral pres...

Research Methodology Oral presentation skills (OPS)  Oral presentation skills (OPS) Definition: An oral Presentation is a formal, structural and systematic presentation of a message to audience. Oral presentations are mini-seminars where people present information verbally to the audience. An oral presentation is a method of communicating information verbally supported by images, visual aids and/or technology. The information can be delivered as group discussions, speeches, debates and class presentations. Presentations can be delivered individually or as part of a group.  Individual presentation:  There is only one speaker who express his views on given topic to an audience.  Individual presentation allows person to completely control the thoughts, ideas and methods of presenting without outside influence if they choose.  An individual presentation is based solely on one person's thoughts, time and effort.  Group presentation:  A group presentation is supposed to be subject matter with content that is agreed upon by all of the members present.  A group presentation needs to be incorporate the thoughts and opinions of the people of that group.  This allows for more viewpoints and can lead to an overall improved and effective presentation. Academic Presentations: With academic presentations, students conduct research on topics assigned by their teachers. They use this research to either inform or persuade the class to believe a statement. The presenters then answer questions from the class, and the teachers give a few comments. Research Methodology By: Mariam AL-Jarrari  Aim of oral presentation skills OPS: The aim of the OPS is to educate, inform, entertain or present argument. An oral presentation at university assess the presenter's ability to communicate relevant information effectively in an interesting and engaging manner. Oral presentations are a form of assessment that calls on students to use the spoken word to express their knowledge and understanding of a topic Different types of oral presentations A common format is in-class presentations on a prepared topic, often supported by visual aids in the form of PowerPoint slides or a Prezi, with a standard length that varies between 10and 20 minutes. Importance of oral presentation: 1) Instant method of conveying as well as receiving information. 2) Provides better chance to the audience for understanding speaker’s context. 3) Presenter is able to acquire an instant feedback for his work and research by judging reactions as well as body language of audience. 4) High level of understanding and transparency 5) It imparts proper flexibility to audience so that they can take an appropriate decision on a particular topic. 6) Effective oral presentation helps in saving efforts, time and money for listeners as well as the speaker. 7) It can be used for conveying confidential information to a selected group of individuals which ultimately improves the level of communication & exchange of information. 8) Oral communication increases level of participation. How to make a good Oral Presentation A. Conquering stage fright. B. Knowing the audience C. Content of the presentation Research Methodology By: Mariam AL-Jarrari  D. Structure of the presentation E. Delivery of the presentation F. Remembering 4PS. 1. Conquering stage fright Some amount of stage fright is helpful The main reason is that we are not accustomed to speak in public Symptoms in beginners are trembling arms, excessive sweating, lack of fluency etc-are mental blocks The strategies used for overcome stage fright which include:  Encouraging students to prepare a subject thoroughly before presenting.  Providing practice opportunities.  Teaching relaxation techniques.  Enabling students to visualize success.  Encouraging a focus on the content of the presentation.  Developing a sense of humor about stage fright. 2. Knowing the audience Before planning we should consider:  The demographic characteristics such as their age, gender, education, occupation of the audience.  Know the need of the audience.  Utility of the presentation for the audience.  Information gained after attending the presentation. 3. Content of the Presentation 1. It should not be too difficult to understand. 2. If too long shorten the content according to the time available. 3. Include examples and instructions to support the argument. 4.Structure of the presentation Introduction: Introduce the topic. Research Methodology By: Mariam AL-Jarrari  Body: Provide detail information to the audience about the topic Use narrative or raise question to arouse interest. Conclusion: State the goal and uses of the presentation. Give a brief summary of the major points of the main body -tell them what you told them 5.Delivery of the Presentation A. The quality of the voice:  Adjust the tone according to the size of the audience.  Use micro phone or collar mike.  Give pauses to allow the listener to understand.  Pronounce difficult words properly and correctly. B. Rapport with the audience:  Look into the eyes of the audience while presenting  Shift from one pair of eye to another so that you have a glance of all of them.  Try to involve the audience in present action by asking questions C. Pay attention to Body Language: o Express your confidence in your smile and movements o Face the Audience. o Stand straight and do not stagnate at one place. o Avoid unnecessary movements of hands. o Always dress in formals. D. Effective use of Visuals aids  Create visual aids that parallel the order of points in a presentation.  Use visual aids that are appropriate for the subject of the presentation and the audience.  Use a plain font of substantial size-18 point or more.  Do not use more than three colors  Practice before how to operate the equipment. Research Methodology By: Mariam AL-Jarrari  6.Remembering 4PS: Oral presentations typically involve four important steps (4PS): 1) Planning. 2) Practice. 3) Perform. 4) Preparation. To plan, prepare and practice for a good presentation should need to know:  Who are the audience?  What will they WANT to know?  Why are they here? A. Planning: Scholars estimate that approximately 50% of all mistakes in an oral presentation actually occur in the planning stage (or rather, lack of a planning stage).  Define a purpose (inform, educate, entertain or convince).  Analyze the audience.  Analyze the occasion.  Select a suitable title (select a topic that is of interest to the audience). i. Attention grabbing. ii. Relevant iii. Succinct B:Preparation:  Develop the central idea.  Develop the main ideas  Gather supporting information. C. Practice:  Rehears before presenting it to the audience.  Time the presentation.  Outline the presentation. Research Methodology By: Mariam AL-Jarrari D. Perform: Begin the presentation with confidence. Be organized. Pay attention to non-verbal behavior. Use4 appropriate visual aids. Visual aids: are visual materials such as pictures, charts and diagrams, that help people understand and remember information shared on oral presentation. There’s a better way to present each new PowerPoint slide, as the “4S” approach: 1) Set it up: Before clicking to the next slide, set it up by introducing the concept on the upcoming slide first. 2) Show it: Click to the next slide only after you’ve finished setting it up. 3) Stop talking: This is the hardest step for most speakers. After you’ve clicked to the next slide, don’t speak for a few moments. Give your audience time to take in the new information before continuing to talk—if you continue speaking before they’ve had a chance to fully take in your slide, they won’t hear you anyway. 4) Supplement It: Generally speaking, you provide little value to your audience by reading a slide to them. Don’t while using visual aids:  Avoid using a diagram prepared for a technical report in the presentation.  Slides should contain necessary information  Avoid pointing at the transparency with a pen  Don’t block the audience’s vision. Research Methodology By: Mariam AL-Jarrari   Using only a few lines of text in large print or a simple diagram for each slide. Barriers to Effective Presentation: i. Lack of Preparation. ii. Fear and Anxiety Students might feel anxious about this type of assessment and this might impact on their performance iii. Time Oral assessment can be Time consuming both in terms of student preparation and performance. Time to develop skill in designing slides if they are required; we cannot assume knowledge of PowerPoint etc. Research Methodology By: Mariam AL-Jarrari