ORAL PHYSIO - MIDTERMS (1).pdf

PRDM 129 | ORAL PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCLUSION MODULE: 1st Topic for Midterms LESSON: Saliva 1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture notes typewritten by: Rhein Feniza...

PRDM 129 | ORAL PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCLUSION MODULE: 1st Topic for Midterms LESSON: Saliva 1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture notes typewritten by: Rhein Feniza SALIVA Most Protective in nature – Helps maintain integrity of important teeth, tongue and mucous membrane of oral and Lubricates and protects the structure of the mouth. attribute of pharyngeal areas. Influences the nature of oral flora and chemical composition of salivary teeth. secretions It plays a major role in the maintenance of health and in the production of disease by permitting or inhibiting the formation of: MAJOR ROLES OF SALIVA IN ORAL HEALTH o Plaque o Calculus Lubrication & Glycoproteins and mucoids produced by the o Proliferation of selected microorganisms Protection salivary glands forms a protective covering for It contains: the mucous membrane against irritants. o Immunoglobulins Buffering Because of its bicarbonate, phosphate and o WBC Action amphoteric proteins. o Lipids Bacteria require specific pH condition. o Electrolytes Maintenance Provides minerals for posteruptive maturation. o Protein of tooth Provides ions to counteract tooth dissolution. integrity Forms a film of glycoprotein that may act as a MAJOR AND MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS because it diffusion barrier, to prevent loss of tooth mineral. Major Salivary Glands Antibacterial Lysozyme, IgA, Sialoperoxidase thiocynate & Produces 95% of the total salivary flow activity Lactoferin Parotid Gland Biggest, pyramidal in shape against Literally next or anterior to the ear bacteria & (correct spelling: thiocyanate; Lactoferrin) Opens to the STENSEN’s DUCT (opposite the viral invasion maxillary 2nd molar) Produces 60-65% of the total salivary flow Saliva plays a role in the formation of plaque and calculus and is Submandibular Irregular, walnut in shape therefore intimately related to caries and periodontal disease. Gland Lies posteriorly to the floor of the mouth or at the Salivary glycoprotein + precipitation + pellicle + microorganisms angle of the mandible overgrow + plaque + mineralization + calculus. Open to the WHARTON’S DUCT (summit of the sublingual papilla at the side of the frenulum of the tongue) FUNCTIONS OF SALIVA (LAVELLE) Produces 20-30% of the total salivary flow Sublingual Smallest, almond in shape 1. Digestive Function Gland Lies immediately beneath the oral mucosal lining Amylase as main digestive enzyme on the anterior portion of the floor of the mouth 2. Excretory Function Opens to the BARTHOLIN’S DUCT (surface of the Saliva provides as important excretory route for blood sublingual fold on either side of the tongue) components Produces 2-5% of the total salivary flow 3. Solvent Function By facilitating digestion Minor Salivary Glands Dissolution of foodstuff (one of the major salivary function) Produces 5% of the total 1. Minor Sublingual 4. Protective Function salivary flow 2. Labial Protects oral tissues from dehydration 3. Buccal Mechanical food and microbial debris lavage 4. Glossopalatine 5. Palatine PROCESS OF SECRETION (FERGUSON) 6. Lingual Stimuli to Digestive Organ has three phases: SALIVA SECRETION 1. Cephalic – Conditioned stimuli: o Psychological Phase – “The thought of food” Secretion is primarily by unconditioned reflex associated with eating o Visual Phase – “The sight of food” and masticatory proprioceptors if the periodontal ligament and o Olfactory Phase – “The smell of food” muscles of mastication. 2. Intraorgan – With organ stimuli (most important for salivary 1,000-1,500 ml is the total salivary fluid produced during a 24-hour secretion” period (1 cc/min). o Mechanical stimuli – Touch and pressure on oral structures and movements of masticatory muscles and Factors 1. Pharmacologic agents mandible affecting 2. Psychological o Chemical stimuli – Substances that stimulates taste Salivary 3. Size of gland receptors Secretion 4. Interference with taste perception 3. Interorgan – Stimulatory effect on secretion from irritation to 5. Age changes the esophagus 6. Systemic diseases o E.g. Vomiting reflex 7. Disease of the salivary gland 8. Irradiation of glands pg. 1  OTHER ROLES OF SALIVA IN ORAL HEALTH 1. Pellicle and plaque deposition 2. Plaque mineralization and calculus formation 3. Dental caries Pellicle Thin, cellular and essentially bacteria free covering of the tooth which consist of various glycoprotein derived from the mucous salivary gland. Thin deposit may form shortly after eruption on the exposed surface of the teeth Reformed within minutes after exposure of pumice- polished teeth to saliva. Due to rapid formation, it precedes the first stage in plaque formation. Plaque Localized concentration of microorganism on the tooth surface. Accretion of necrotic debris, foodstuff substances and salivary glycoproteins. Contains mono and oligosaccharides that serve as substrates for microbial growth. Streptococcus mutans is the predominant organism that enzymatically degrade plaque. Calcular Grainy in nature and act as mechanical irritant. Deposit By product of calcification of organic products and microorganisms. Calcified bacterial plaque. Organic components consist mainly of Calcium and Phosphate. Types of calculus: o Supragingival ▪ Creamy white or yellowish in color ▪ Hard in consistency ▪ Most abundantly seen opposite the opening of the major salivary glands o Subgingival ▪ Dark brown to black due to blood pigments ▪ Hard to very hard in consistency ▪ Found in the periodontal pockets of any tooth Dental Is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the Caries teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. Five general ways by which saliva can affect caries: o To mechanically cleanse and thus lessen plaque accumulation. o To reduce enamel solubility by plaque modification through calcium, phosphate and fluoride. o Buffer and neutralize the acids either produce cariogen or introduced directly through diet. o Direct anti-bacterial activity. o By aggregation or clumping bacteria and reducing adherence to teeth surfaces. GINGIVAL FLUIDS Sulcular fluid Fluid found in the gingival sulcus which seeps through the thin sulcular epithelium. pg. 2