Oral Communication PDF

ORAL COMMUNICATION Communication ~ sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another through channels, contexts, media and culture. ~ information is exchanged between individuals through symbols, signs or behavior. ~ in constant flux, motion and process (Frank Dance, 1967) N...

ORAL COMMUNICATION Communication ~ sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another through channels, contexts, media and culture. ~ information is exchanged between individuals through symbols, signs or behavior. ~ in constant flux, motion and process (Frank Dance, 1967) Nature of Communication (SPS) 1) Systematic - organization of interdependent elements or component parts 2) Proactive - active in evaluating content and purpose of the message as well as the credibility of the speaker. 3) Symbolic - representations like words, picture, gestures or anything Elements of Communication (SMECRDF) 1) Sender - who initiates the messages that need to be transmitted 2) Message - information intended to be communicated by words 3) Encoding - expressing the idea into appropriate medium 4) Channel - medium or passage (f2f, phone, radio, tv, memo, computer) 5) Receiver - whom the message is meant for 6) Decoding - translating the message for the receiver to understand 7) Feedback - response of the receiver Models of Communication 1) Linear - process is sequential, transmission model a) Aristotelian Model (SMR) - Speaker, Message, Receiver - Greek common practice: public speaking - 3 Modes of Persuasion (EPL-PER) ~ Ethos (personal character) ~ Pathos (emotions) ~ Logos (reasoning) b) Laswell’s Model - Harold Laswell (1948) - Comm process as transmission of info from one to another - Added ‘channel’ (printed media, tv, radio) - Answered by who, what, to whom, and with what effect  c) Shannon and Weaver Model (ISTMRD) - Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949) - Info Source, Transmitter, Message, Receiver, Destination - For TV and phone: one way communication - Inclusion of ‘Noise’ interference, disrupts the flow d) Berlo’s Model (SMCR) - David Berlo (1960) - Source, Message, Channel, Receiver - Decodes the message 5 senses: hear, touch, smell, taste, sight - Both source and receiver are influenced by their comm skills, attitudes, culture, knowledge, social system. 2) Interactive - comm as proactive, giving a feedback a) Schramm’s Model (EID) - Wilbur Schramm (1955) cyclical - Both takes a role of encoder, interpreter, and decoder - Both must share similar or common background about the topic 3) Transactional - most accurate, both can send and receive info at same time a) Wood’s Model - sender and receiver are labeled as communications; active roles Purposes of Communication (IEP) 1) Information - transmit info to others; retain the message being conveyed 2) Entertainment - amuse or evoke a positive emotion from our listeners; can be through joke, humorous story or funny kind of audience, or drama as well 3) Persuasion - convince or move people to action; commands, requesting, influence Functions of Communication (CMEIS) 1) Control - in behavior of an org or individual members 2) Motivation - persuades or encourages others to change opinions, attitude and behavior; through praise or constructive criticism 3) Emotional Expression - express their feelings; love, fear, anger, joy, etc 4) Information - giving or receiving info 5) Social Interaction - interact with others to bond; express desires, encouragement, needs and decisions Modes of Communication: NonVerbal (CHOPKO) - Not make use of any words or alphabet symbols - Use of hands (numeric, shape, direction), head (nodding or shaking), feet (stomping), face (gestures; facial expressions) 1) Chronemics - time element (available time, length of comm) 2) Haptics - element of touch (pat on shoulder: comfort) 3) Oculetics - eye contact (stares, glance, looks) 4) Proxemics - proximity/distance between parties (intimate, relationship, closeness) 5) Kinesics - movements (gestures; what and why) 6) Objectics - objects or artifacts (specimens, graphic aids) Verbal (S-DSPM) - Makes use of spoken or written words 1) Intrapersonal - within oneself (soliloquy, monologue, self thoughts) 2) Interpersonal - exists between 2 or more people a) Dyadic - 2 people engage b) Small Group - 3-10 people (panels, reports, research defense) c) Public - 10 above (public speaking; lectures, press, ceremonies) d) Mass - mass media, big number of people (tv, radio, social media)