NS 001_ BIOSCI (NOTES).pdf

SCIENCE - systematized body of BIOLOGY - comes from the Greek word knowledge based on truth and facts “bios” means life, “logus” study of. - catalog of observations to - deals with investigation, understand...

SCIENCE - systematized body of BIOLOGY - comes from the Greek word knowledge based on truth and facts “bios” means life, “logus” study of. - catalog of observations to - deals with investigation, understand the world around us and classification, structure, etc. of uses experimentation to explain LIVING THINGS as well as their observations and questions. relationships and interactions —------------------------------------------------------- BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY THE (3)THREE BRANCHES OF SCIENCE (NS, SS, AS) 1. Ecology - study of interaction among organisms with their external - Natural Science environment - understanding and 2. Genetics - study of heredity and description of nature transmission of traits from parent to - study of living and non-living offspring divided into two: 3. Evolutionary Biology - study of - Physical Science changes that takes place in - study of non-living organism as time passes by eg. Physics, 4. Cytology - Study of cell Chemistry, Earth 5. Histology - Study of tissues Science 6. Anatomy - Study of body part - Biological Science 7. Physiology - Study of functions of - study of living things body parts eg. Biology, Genetics 8. Pathology - Study of disease 9. Taxonomy - Study of classification - Social Science of living organisms - deals with human behavior, 10. Botany - Study of structure and the social and cultural functions of plants aspects 11. Zoology - Study of structure and inc. Politics, Economics, functions of animals History, and Geography 12. Microbiology - Study of microorganism - Applied Science 13. Parasitology - Study of parasites - application of theoretical 14. Phycology - Study of Algae science 15. Mycology - Study of Fungi composed of; Medicine, Engineering, Nursing, and Architecture LEVEL OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION TISSUES - groups of similar cells that perform a cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> particular function organism -> population -> community -> ecosystem TYPES - life is organized into different levels Connective - helps to bind tissues based upon the size (small-large) eg. bones Epithelial - coverings (the skins) CELL Muscle tissues - the smallest unit of life collections of > smooth; covering walls of living matter enclosed by a barrier internal organ that separated them from their > cardiac; heart surroundings muscle/cover > skeletal; skeleton covering TYPES OF CELLS in the body Nervous tissues - nerve cells (at the brain) 1. SEX CELLS can be found in —--------------------------------------- genitals/reproductive spermatozoa - male gametes ORGANS ova/ovum - female gametes - groups of tissues that work together 2. BLOOD CELLS can be found in to perform closely related functions bone marrow eg. liver, kidney, heart, lungs, etc. > Red blood cells (carries —---------------------------------------- oxygen) > White blood cells (fight ORGAN SYSTEM pathogens) > Platelets (regenerations, - group of organs that work together responsible for blood clot) to perform closely related functions 3. MUSCLE CELLS the pulling force eg. skeletal, endocrine, nervous 4. SKIN CELLS the protective layer system, etc. 5. NERVE CELLS made of “neurons”, —-------------------------------------------- to transmit information from the body to the brain through electrical ORGANISMS impulses 6. CANCER CELLS when the mutation - living things composed of cells of cells is out of control (multicellular organism) - species a group of similar organism that can breed and produce fertile offspring —----------------------------------------------  LARGEST LEVEL > POPULATION - group of individuals of the same species that same area (same species=area) > COMMUNITY - groups of different population that live together in defined areas (different populations -> together) > ECOSYSTEM - groups of all the organism that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment (organisms w/ non-living environment) > BIOME - groups of ecosystem that have the same climate and similar dominant communities (ecosystem with same climate communities ex. country antarctica) > BIOSPHERE - part of the earth in which life exist including land, water, air, and atmosphere (environment/surrounding)