Fluid Mechanics 2 Notes PDF

COURSE OVERVIEW The course details are introduced followed by the assessment plans throughout the semester. The methods for teaching and learning with the topics planner for each weeks are presented. Details of references books are provided. BASIC CONCEPTS IN FLUID DYNAMICS At the end of the le...

COURSE OVERVIEW The course details are introduced followed by the assessment plans throughout the semester. The methods for teaching and learning with the topics planner for each weeks are presented. Details of references books are provided. BASIC CONCEPTS IN FLUID DYNAMICS At the end of the lecture, students are expected to acquire the concepts of fluid dynamics including its definition, importance, applications and approaches to study fluid dynamics.  [email protected] 03 7967 7657 Room 2-10, Block W COURSE OUTCOMES (CO) sm CO1 Solve problems using macroscopic linear CO Contributions (%) momentum balance. [03 100 ↑ /102 -cot CFD 90 C software CO2 Explain the derivation of the Cauchy’s First 80 concept ( Equation of Motion and its reduction to the 70 -cos Navier-Stokes equation or corresponding non- 60 T 50 Newtonian versions. Newtonian 40 ↑ 30 - Col - 202 CO3 Obtain analytical solutions to simple flow Yol 20 - CO4-CO problems, including those for classic non- 10 0 Newtonian fluids. TUTORIALS TEST PROJECT EXAM CO4 ! W Analyze solutions of complex flow problems using Assessment types software (mainly correlations or CFD software packages. 2819 ↑ numerical method 1. Macroscopic Linear Momentum Balance Students will learn to apply the principles of macroscopic linear momentum balance to solve fluid flow problems. They will understand how to account for external forces and analyse various control volumes, enabling them to assess the behaviour of fluids in different scenarios. Key topics include momentum conservation principles and practical applications in engineering contexts. 2. Derivation of Cauchy’s First Equation of Motion Students will explore the foundational principles behind Cauchy’s First Equation of Motion, examining the assumptions and mathematical formulations leading to its derivation. The class will highlight its significance in fluid dynamics and demonstrate how this equation simplifies into the Navier-Stokes equations for Newtonian fluids. By the end of the class, students will grasp the theoretical underpinnings of fluid motion. 3. Analytical Solutions to Simple Flow Problems This class focuses on obtaining analytical solutions to classic flow problems involving Newtonian fluids. Students will engage with key methodologies and techniques for solving differential equations that govern fluid behaviour, such as boundary layer theory and potential flow. The aim is to build problem-solving skills and deepen understanding of fluid dynamics through practical examples. 4. Analyzing Complex Flow Problems Students will analyze complex fluid flow problems using correlations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software packages. They will learn how to interpret simulation results and validate findings against theoretical predictions. By comparing empirical correlations with numerical data, students will develop a comprehensive approach to solving real-world fluid dynamics problems, preparing them for advanced engineering applications.  TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS 4 2 3 All assessments must 5 1 Notes in PDF will be be submitted through Tutorials and group Mid semester test - Physical class uploaded in Spectrum project will be submission link in assess understanding Online/Recording before the lecture. uploaded in Spectrum. Spectrum (softcopy) of concepts.  ASSESSMENTS PLAN Mark Distributions Tutorials Continuous Assessments 5% Group 40% 15% Test Individual 20% Final Exam 85% Project 60% 15% Overall Continuous Assessments Teamwork: 40:60 Marks/grade will be announced Individual by Week 14  LEARNING PLANNER Week 4 Week 2 Macroscopic linear Differential analysis of fluid flow: momentum balance (CO1) Cauchy’s Equation of Motion (CO2) Week 1 Introduction and course overview. Week 3 Problem solving examples. Week 5 Week 7 Tutorial 1 (CO1) Week 8 Differential analysis of fluid flow: Derivation of Navier- Continuity Equation (CO2) Test Stokes equation (CO3) Week 6 Week 11 Week 9 Tutorial 1 discussion Numerical solution to Navier-Stokes Analytical solution equation – Introduction to CFD and to Navier-Stokes Ansys FLUENT (CO4) equation (CO3) CFD Project Week 10 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Problem solving examples. Demonstration and Tutorial 2 activity on Ansys FLUENT Discussions Tutorial 2 (CO3) Work on CFD project Work on CFD project and closure REFERENCES But not limited to books!! Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals of Momentum, and Applications Frank M. White Heat, and Mass Transfer Yunus A. Cengel and John M. Welty, Wicks, Wilson and Rorrer Cimbala Branch of applied science that is concerned with the motions of fluids and the effects of associated forces. FLUID DYNAMICS FLUID MECHANICS - Categories of fluid dynamics BRANCHES studies Branch of science that deals with the behavior of Hydrodynamics fluids at rest or in motion and its interactions at Motion of incompressible fluids (water or gases at the boundaries. 01 low speeds) Hydraulics Fluid Mechanics 1 (KIL1006) covers the category Liquid flows in pipes of static fluid and hydraulics. and open channels. 02 Gas dynamics Fluid flows with significant density changes – gases through nozzles at high Fluid Mechanics 2 (KIL3002) covers the category 03 speed. of hydrodynamics and gas dynamics. Aerodynamics Flow of gases (air) across bodies such as aircraft and automobiles at high or low 04 speeds. OVERVIEW Studies of moving fluids – mass and velocity (momentum) Normal stress “ The time rate of change of (Pressure) momentum of a system is equal to the net force acting on the system and takes place in the direction of the net force’’* Static Dynamics Newton’s second Fluid at rest Fluid in motion law of motion FLUID MECHANICS Law of conservation Hydrostatic pressure, of mass ! = #$ℎ * Welty, J. R., Wicks, C. E., Rorrer, G., & Wilson, R. E. (2009). Fundamentals of momentum, heat, and mass transfer. John Wiley & Sons. FLUID DYNAMICS - IMPORTANCE Better design, better lives It affects every aspects of our 70% water-covered daily life Fluid dynamics helps us to understand how our world works Why do I need to understand the fundamentals of fluid Static and dynamics Save lives It affects the blood flow in our body APPLICATIONS OF FLUID MECHANICS Examples Food/Productive Oral health/ Pharmaceutical Flow field/ patterns established Variation of properties for Oil and gas during mixing or agitations. complex fluids during operation. Aerodynamics Fluid's transportation in pipelines Studies of effects of forces APPROACHES IN FLUID MECHANICS STUDIES Direct measurement akes Navier Experimental Theoretical - Analytical Computational (CFD) - Numerical Derived from conservation of mass Computer codes to solve the N-S Flow field measurements and momentum balance. equations based on input data. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) - Navier-Stokes equation Advance engineering tools – capturing two consecutive images Requires simplifications through ANSYS Fluent. – determine velocity based on assumptions. Convenient and saves time – displacement and travel time. Approximate solutions. depends on computation power. "#$% '( )*+,%#-% 2%$ ,#$% '( '( 1#-- = 1#-- (.'3 )* (./)0 %.%1%*$ )*$' (./)0 %.%1%*$ "#$% '( )*+,%#-% 5/1 '( (',+%- '( 1'1%*$/1 = '* (./)0 4#,$)+.% Ibarra, Roberto, et al. "Dynamics of liquid–liquid flows in horizontal pipes using simultaneous two–line planar laser–induced fluorescence and particle )* (./)0 4#,$)+.% velocimetry." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 101 (2018): 47-63. Analyzing flow in bends COURSE FLOWS NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO N-S EQUATIONS ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS TO N-S EQUATION Computational fluid dynamics Incompressible flow (CFD), modern tools – ANSYS DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS FLUENT. problems. OF FLUID FLOWS Microscopic analysis, Cauchy’s 04 LINEAR MOMENTUM equation of Motion, Continuity equation, derivation of Navier- 03 BALANCE – INTEGRAL FORM Basic concepts, equation of 01 Stokes equation. motion, force balance, problems. 02