Old Exam 2 Note Cell Bio PDF

Old Exam 2 NOTE Cell BIO THE enzyme that Breaks DNA dispels tension and reseals strand ahead of DNA Replication fork Topoisomerase How many replication forks are formed at origin location 2 replication forks are made A strand of a...

Old Exam 2 NOTE Cell BIO THE enzyme that Breaks DNA dispels tension and reseals strand ahead of DNA Replication fork Topoisomerase How many replication forks are formed at origin location 2 replication forks are made A strand of a human chromosome is_ synthesized from a multiple origins by a mixture of Continuous and discontinuous DNA synthesis A type of replication that results from a parent strand and ends with 2 strands with a strand from parent and newly synthesized strand semiconservative Primase synthesizes what complementary to what strand Synthesizes RNA complementary to lagging strand Telomeres are End sequences for chromosomes A new nucleotide can only be added to end of growing DNA strand DNA always grows in direction Can be added to 3 direction and DNA will always grow in 5 to 3 direction leading strand is daughter strand that has its end pointed toward replication fork therefore  I y as 3 prime end point and is synthesized continuously lagging strand is daughter strand that has its end pointed toward replication fork therefore synthesized as has 5 as end point and is synthesized as segments enzyme responsible for proofreading a DNA strand and for replacing mismatched nucleotides DNA polymerase when a piece of DNA is replicated the leading strand will have RNA Primer s and lagging strand will have RNA Primer s leading will have RNA Primer 1 lagging will have Many RNA Primers Enzyme responsible for joining okazaki fragments together during DNA Replication is DNA ligase The that compensates for enzyme chromosomes shortening at tips after each round of DNA Replication Telomerase Telomerase is fully active in_ and cells but almost completely inactive in cells Active in Germ cells and stem Inactive in Somatic Cells Processes that would block process of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase removal of 5 triphosphate removal of Base from nucleotides removal Of DNA ligase from DNA Replication removal of 3 0H from last nucleotide of Daughter strand The TATA Box purpose Acts to position RNA polymerase II for transcription initiation what is the function of the TF 1H in the transcription initiation complex Unwind DNA Duplex Nuclear arespecialized holes in layered nuclear envelope that separates the nucleus from the Pores passage ways in two layered are nuclear envelope that separates nucleus from Cytoplasm Transcription is defined as production Of Exact complementary strand of RNA on a DNA Template General name for enzymes that catalyze RNA Synthesis directed DNA template by RNA Polymerase Sequence of mRNA molecule synthesized from a DNA molecule w a coding strand having sequence 5 AT GLTACCOTTA 5 AUGCUACCGUUA what makes the endoplasmic Reticulum rough It is covered with ribosomes The nuclear pore complex allows for Passive diffusion of smaller molecules Import of proteins Active transport of very large molecules what is the role of nuclear localization sequence in a nuclear protein It is bound by cytoplasmic proteins that direct nuclear protein to nuclear pore Correct order of passage of materials produced in a biosynthetic pathway is Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi complex secretory vesicle plasma membrane Production and transport of materials insecretory vesicles which occurs continuously is known as Constitutive secretion which of the following organelles is not of endo membrane part system Mitochondria Your friend works biotech company in and discovered a drug that blocks the ability of Ran to exchange GDP to GTP what is the affect of thedrug on transport nuclear transport receptors would be unable to release in nucleus cargo How are proteins destined for the Endoplasmic reticulum translated They are translated by cytosolic ribosomes and are for ER when targeted a signal sequence emerges during translation Protein insertion into mammalian ER membrane is typically Cotranslational process that occurs simultaneously w translation stage of protein Synthesis Tim TOM and TIC TAC protein complexes are involved in Protein translocation into mitochondria and chloroplasts respectively Proteins that are fully translated in the Cytosol and lack a sorting will signal End up in the Cytosol proteins that have no signal never leave Cytosol Vesicles from the ER enter the Golgi at the Cis Golgi network RNA molecules are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in Eukaryotes through_ Nuclear pores which signal peptide would you expect in cytoplasmic proteins like tubulin and actin No signal peptides  which peptide would expect to find the you in polypeptides that will eventually fold to become enzymes important in the citric acid cycle a critical metabolic pathway in the mitochondria Amino terminal signal peptide what proteins is involved in cotranslational translocation of proteins into the ER membrane that is a GTP Hydrolyzing Protein Subunit of SRP Receptor Elongation factors in ribosome mediated mRNA translation P54 sub unit of SRP Protein import into the mitochondrial matrix is supported by energy input from ATPhydrolysis bychaperone protein in Cytosol ATP hydrolysis by chaperone protein in mitochondria matrix Protein motive forces across inner mitochondrial membrane GEF During process of nuclear import a works in the nucleus to exchange GTP for GDP bound to Ran Splicing joins two Exon sequences This type of RNA functions in the removal of introns from RNAs  Sn RNA small nuclear RNA Eukaryotic RNA polymerase responsible for transcribing nearly all protein coding genes RNA Polymerase II Chemical structure of the 5 mRNA cap includes covalently linked to the 5 terminal residue of the mRNA through a linkage 7 methylguanosine 5 to 5 triphosphate linkage What describes an accurate order of events in translation First aminoacyl tRNA molecule binds to the small subunit before the large subunit binds  In biology the Central Dogma Refers to DNA to RNA to protein what base pair usually occurs in double stranded DNA G C what is removed from MRNAs during processing non coding sequences introns codon that serves as start codon in MRNA for translation AUG