NEUR_LC1_Q1_Introduction_to_Human_Neuroanatomy_The_Neurobiology_of_Neurons_and_Neuroglia.pdf

MD 109A: NEUROANATOMY Quiz 1: INTRODUCTION TO NEUROANATOMY THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF NEURONS & NEUROGLIA CMED 1C | Dr. Allan Viado...

MD 109A: NEUROANATOMY Quiz 1: INTRODUCTION TO NEUROANATOMY THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF NEURONS & NEUROGLIA CMED 1C | Dr. Allan Viado QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCE Identify the damaged Lobe Temporal Lobe of the brain as pointed by the suction tip. Patient had a Traumatic Brain injury. Identify the damaged lobe of the brain as seen intraoperative. Patient is positioned supine and turned to his right side. you are looking at the left side of the brain. A. Frontal Lobe B. Temporal Lobe C. Parietal Lobe D. Occipital Lobe https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and- diseases/anatomy-of-the- brain#:~:text=Each%20brain%20hemisphere%20(parts%20 of,Each%20lobe%20controls%20specific%20functions. The above Lobe (no. 1) Memory Temporal lobe. The sides of the Tagnawa Trans-LC1- has a role in Storage/Auditory. brain, temporal lobes are involved in Introduction to the A. Memory Storage / short-term memory, speech, musical Human Neuroanatomy Auditory rhythm and some degree of smell and Physiology, pg 3 B. Movement recognition. Sensory C. Perception D. Vision During development, the Myelencephalon Medulla Oblongata originates from this secondary vesicle A. Mesencephalom B. Telencephalon C. Metencephalon D. Myelencephalon Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7e. Page 15. Bundle of axons (Fibers) in False. Bundles of nerve fibers found in the Snell's Clinical the CNS are collectively central nervous system are often Neuroanatomy, 7e. called Nuclei referred to as nerve tracts; bundles Page 71 of nerve fibers found in the True peripheral nervous system are called False peripheral nerves  QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCE Match the following 1:Bipolar Cells/characteristics/functio 2: Multipolar n with the specific 3:Bipolar structural type of Neuron 4:Pseudounipolar 1. Olfactory epithelium 5:Multipolar 2. Fused dendrite and a single axon 3. Retina 4. Trigeminal Ganglia 5. Interneuron/Association neuron Unipolar neurons have an axon but no dendrites. Bipolar neuron Pseudounipolar neurons have an axon and a single Pseudounipolar dendrite but the dendrite and axon are fused near the cell neuron body. Bipolar neurons have an axon and a single dendrite Multipolar neuron whereas multipolar neurons have many dendrites. Items: 1,2,3: Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7e. Chapter 2, pg 34-38 Item 4:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4462427 Item 5: Tagnawa Trans- Neurons and Neuroglial Cells, pg 7 The Afferent portion of a Dendrite- Afferent Those neurites responsible for Snell's Clinical Nerve cell is the.. Axon- Efferent receiving information and conducting Neuroanatomy, 7e. A. Dendrite it toward the cell body are called Page 34 B. Axon dendrites. C. Soma D. NOTA Pertaining to Structure # 4 Made up of The dorsal root ganglion is made up Ahimsadasan, M. et Pseudounipolar of the cell bodies of primary sensory al. Made up of neuron neurons (in terms of function), and (2022). Neuroanato Pseudounipolar neuron pseudounipolar neurons (in terms of my, dorsal root Motor Neuron anatomy). These neurons participate ganglion. both in sesory transduction and none modulation. Structure # 2 is made up of Soma Gray matter consists largely of nerve Snell’s Clinical A. Soma cell bodies Anatomy by B. Axons embedded in neuroglia. Regions 10th Ed, p. C. Ganglia 73 D. Tracts  QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCE Structures # 20 /24/8/9 are Fiber Tracts Tracts – bundle of axons (fiber Gundaway Trans, made up of tracts) within the CNS found in the Neuro_LC2_Neuro white matter. biology of Neurons A. Soma and Neuroglial B. Nerve fibers Cells, Pg. 16 C. Ganglia D. Fiber Tracts The canal (green pin) Cerebral aqueduct found behind the Midbrain (Purple pin) in known as... (this canal will be enveloped by the midbrain in adults - Brain development) A. 4th ventricle B. Lateral ventricle C. Foramen of Monroe D. Cerebral aqueduct https://doctorlib.info/anatomy/neuroanatomy-illustrated- colour-text/6.html  QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCE True statement/s about Due to opening of When the nerve cell is excited Snell's Clinical Depolarization the sodium (stimulated) by electrical, mechanical Neuroanatomy 7e. channels. or chemical means a rapid change in Structure of the A. Exit of potassium ion membrane permeability to Na ions Neuron pg. 44 from the cell membrane takes place and Na ions diffuse B. due to Opening of through the plasma membrane into Calcium channels the cell cytoplasm from the tissue C. due to Opening of fluid. This results in the membrane Sodium channels becoming progressively depolarized D. Depolarization occurs along the myelin sheath E. B and D The postsynaptic terminal Involve voltage Graded potentials are brought about Gundaway Trans, will produce an electrical gated Na and K by external stimuli (in sensory Neuro_LC2_Neuro impulse towards the Soma ions neurons) or by neurotransmitters biology of Neurons with the following released in synapses, where they and Neuroglial characteristics except: cause graded potentials in the post Cells, Pg. 11 synaptic cells. A. Proportional to the strength of the All choices described graded stimulus potential EXCEPT “Involve voltage B. Graded Potential gated Na and K ions” (Action C. Involve voltage Potential) gated Na and K ions D. Generally small in amplitude Action potential jumps from Schwann cells type of glial cell that surrounds Lavdas AA, Matsas node to node in a process neurons, keeping them alive and R. Schwann cell known as Saltatory sometimes covering them with a morphology. Conduction. In the PNS, myelin sheath, and are the major This is made possible by glial cell type in the peripheral myelin sheath produced by nervous system. A. Astrocytes B. Schwann cells C. Oligodendrocytes D. All ofthe above Collection of cell bodies in FALSE The medulla oblongata is conical in the CNS are collectively shape and connects the pons Snell's Clinical called Ganglia superiorly to the spinal cord inferiorly Neuroanatomy, 7e. It contains many collections of Page 4. neurons, called nuclei, and serves as True a conduit for ascending and False descending nerve fibers. Match the following A. Bipolar Cells/characteristics/functio B. Multipolar n with the specific C. Multipolar structural type of Neuron D. Bipolar E.Pseudopolar/Uni 1. Olfactory cell polar 2. Pyramidal cell 3. Fused dendrite and a single axon 4. Retina 5. Dorsal Root Ganglion Bipolar neuron Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7e. Page 34-38 Pseudounipolar neuron Multipolar neuron  QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCE The conducting portion of a The single long tubular neurite that Snell's Clinical nerve cell is: Axon conducts impulses away from the Neuroanatomy, 7e. cell body is called the axon. Page 34 A. Dendrite B. Axon C. Soma Myelinated fibers are FALSE A myelinated nerve fiber is the one Snell’s Clinical generally thinner than non that is surrounded by a myelln Anatomy by myelinated fibers sheath. In electron micrographs of Regions 10th Ed, p. True cross sections of mature myelinated 71-79 False nerve fibers the myelin is seen to be laminated. Each lamella measures 13 to 18 nm thick. Action Potentials Axon Hillock The initial segment of the axon is the Snell's Clinical generated by the Soma first 50 to 100 m after it leaves the Neuroanatomy, 7e. begins at what structure of axon hillock of the nerve cell body. Page 48. the Neuron? This is the most excitable part of the axon and is the site at which an A. Axon Terminals action potential originates. It is B. Node of Ranvier impor- tant to remember that under C. Axon Hillock normal conditions, an action D. RER potential does not originate on the plasma membrane of the cell body but, instead, always at the initial segment. Somatosensory except: Smell/Taste A. Touch B. Pain C. Smell D. taste Snell's clinical neuroanatomy, 9th ed. pg. 151 Golgi type II cells are Have projection generally characterized by fibers the following except.. A. Anaxonic Association B. Neurons have projection Doc A. Viado, LC2; fibers Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions 10th Ed, p. 34, 38 C. Bodies are confined within the cortex Any part of a neuron TRUE Regeneration of CNS Nerve fibers Batch Tagnawa separated from its (Tracts of axons) is not possible Trans- perikaryon dies, although because Axons in the CNS do not Neuroscience- the rest of the cell may live. regenerate following injury. In part, Neurons and If the perikaryon itself dies, this is due to the fact that CNS Neuroglial all branches die. myelin contains several proteins that Cells.pdf, Page 13 inhibit axonal regeneration. True False  QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCE Inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA A. Acetylcholine B. Glutamate C. Epinephrine D. GABA Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7e. Page 52. The most common Axodendritic Axodendritic synapses, probably the John H. Byrne, neuronal synapse most prominent kind of synapses, Ph.D., Chapter 17, are synapses that one neuron makes Synaptic plasticity, A. Axosomatic onto the dendrite of another neuron. Department of B. Axodendritic Neurobiology and C. Axoaxonic Anatomy, D. Dendrodendritic McGovern Medical School Ionic Impulse transmission Neuron-neuron Electrical transmission (ionic) occurs Tagnawa Trans, A. Neuroglandular in a nerve cell The Neurons and B. Neuromuscular Neuroglial Cells, C. neuron-neuron p.4 D. NOTA E. AOTA Myelinated fibers are FALSE A myelinated nerve fiber is the one Snell’s Clinical generally thinner than non- that is surrounded by a myelin Anatomy by myelinated fibers sheath. In electron micrographs of Regions 10th Ed, p. cross sections of mature myelinated 71-79 True nerve fibers, the myelin is seen to be False laminated. Each lamella measures 13 to 18 nm thick.