Muslim Gunpowder Empires PDF

Muslim Gunpowder Empire All 3 empires blended their cultures with neighboring societies to create a high point of islamic culture (cultural diffusion) All 3 have major bureaucracies All have issues with upper class women Ottomans- Sunni -​ First to use artillery -​ Canons, gunp...

Muslim Gunpowder Empire All 3 empires blended their cultures with neighboring societies to create a high point of islamic culture (cultural diffusion) All 3 have major bureaucracies All have issues with upper class women Ottomans- Sunni -​ First to use artillery -​ Canons, gunpowder weapons -​ Any person can be a successor to the profit -​ Took over Christian region and governed it as their own -​ Constantinople -​ Gateway along the silk road from the east to the west -​ 1453- when the Turks took over Constantinople -​ Because of gunpowder and cannons -​ Byzantine people were made subjects of the new multi-ethnic Ottoman empire -​ Ottomans used gunpowder in muskets and cannons -​ Used focus on military to promote expansion of their territory -​ Janissaries- part of the devshirme -​ Devisherme- blood tax -​ tax/tribute that the conquered people had to pay to the ottomans -​ Slaves- highest person of power. -​ Janissaries do not want other people (ottomans) to have their knowledge -​ Block new info and technology -​ Hagia Sophia- made into a mosque by adding minarets -​ By late 1600’s the Ottomans expanded a great deal, taking over egypt, parts of northern africa, and a large part of eastern europe -​ Try to take over vienna, vienna people block them -​ End of ottoman power -​ Ottomans have a sultan -​ Governed with absolute power -​ Ottoman- prove your worth (merit) -​ Mughals- princes/bloodline -​ The Sultan practiced the concept of the harem. -​ Topkapi palace had rooms enough for 300 concubines to ensure the sultan was going to able to have a kid -​ The Grand Bazaar in the Constantinople facilitated the production of luxury products within the empire and trade within and outside of its borders -​ Center of trade between the east and west -​ Relationships with venice, italy, and parts of europes -​ Poets, scholars, bureaucrats and merchants congregated in Coffeehouses to debate new ideas and politics. -​ Suleyman the Magnificent who came to power in 1520  -​ Most powerful king in the world -​ Expansion was his thing -​ Known for being just -​ Created law code that unified government -​ Created a stable government -​ Military -​ Tolerant -​ Some checks of his tolerance -​ Art, poetry, and architecture flourished under suleiman as the ottomans experienced a cultural “golden age” -​ Issues -​ Bites off more than he can chew -​ Was stopped when tried to take over parts of europe -​ Decline of Ottomans -​ Corruption of bureaucracy -​ Tax evasion by local officials -​ Fell behind innovations The Safavid Empire -​ Use muskets -​ Create empire in the central part of eurasian parts of the world -​ Persia -​ Shah Abbas -​ Greatest ruler  -​ Isfahan, Iran -​ Center of commerce and education -​ Trade promoters -​ Collapse in 1747 -​ Get taken over by other 2 empires Mughals -​ The mughals were muslims who descended from Turks Afghans, and Mongols -​ Built powerful army -​ Guns and cannons -​ Elephants -​ Akbar the Great -​ Most famous -​ Babur’s grandson -​ Child king at 13 -​ Reigns for 50 years -​ Married other religion women -​ Intermarrige -​ Ibadat Kahana -​ House of worship -​ Place of religious dialogue and tolerance -​ Gets rid of jizya -​ Tax that non muslims had to pay  -​ Allowed non muslims to worship freely -​ Creation of the Divine Faith -​ Din-i-ilahi -​ Hoped it would end conflicts between Muslims and Hindus -​ Helps hindu women (purdah, seclusion in their homes) by creating special market days specifically meant for them -​ Got rid of sati -​ Art and culture and tech flourished -​ Promotion of handicrafts -​ Spread of cotton cloth -​ Cotton becomes desired cloth of europeans -​ Cotton becomes cash crop -​ Shah Akbar died in 1605 -​ Aurangzeb- known for his expansion -​ Women’s rights decline -​ Child marriage reemerges -​ Killing of female newborns -​ Taj-mahal- focus on mughal architecture -​ Decline of mughals -​ Corruption -​ Issues with the rajput -​ Hindus in india rebelled against the Mughals -​ Led to new religion called sikhism -​ British begin taking power away from Mughals -​ Trade with europeans