ICT Policies and Issues in Education - Module 2, Lesson 1 PDF

Module 2: ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning Module Outcomes 1. Discussed some ICT policies and explained their implications teaching and learning 2. Explained some issues that relate to ICT policies 3. Identified safety concerns on Internet i...

Module 2: ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning Module Outcomes 1. Discussed some ICT policies and explained their implications teaching and learning 2. Explained some issues that relate to ICT policies 3. Identified safety concerns on Internet including digital safety rules Introduction Globalization is a reality and ICT has become a fundamental part of the process. A networked society is one in which the entire planet is organized around telecommunicated networks of computers. The powerful use of network has broken boundaries, provided opportunities for inclusion and collaboration. However, will also be a struggle for those who do not have access or those who are excluded, marginalized and powerless. Thus a need to establish policies in the use of ICT is imperative. As the Department of Information, Communication and Technology, (DICT) says: "The future has arrived. Now we have to ensure that we have a place in it. Lesson 1: Policies and Issues on Internet and Implications to Teaching and Learning Lesson Outcomes 1. Named examples of ICT Policies which are applicable to teaching and learning 2. Discussed some issues that relate to the ICT policy Excite New technologies have become central to the lives of every individual in this planet. Whether you are talking on the phone, sending an electronic mail, going to the bank, using the library, watching news on television, going to the doctor, catching flight, or seeing a movie, you are using ICT. Almost everything that we do in the modern world is 'influenced by the new technologies. Would your life as a teacher be also influenced by the new technologies? Should we leave our lives to be controlled by technology or should we control the utilization of technology in our lives? How? Explore One way of enhancing and regulating the use of ICT is to formulate and implement policies to guide appropriate decisions. Definition of ICT Policy The Oxford English Dictionary has defined "policy" as a course of action, adopted and pursued by a government, party, ruler, statesman. It is any course of action adopted as expedient or advantageous. Its operational definition of policy is a plan of action to guide decisions and achieve outcomes. Thus, ICT Policies are needed to put a roadmap or course of actions to be pursued and adopted by various governments, organizations, entities involving ICT. These include principles and guidelines in the use of ICT which cover three main areas: telecommunications (telephone), broadcasting (radio and television) and Internet. The New ICT Technologies More recent technological innovations increased the reach and speed of communications which can be grouped into three categories: 1. Information Technology - includes the use of computers, which has become indispensable in modern societies to process data and save time and effort. What are needed will be computer hardware and peripherals, software and for the user, computer literacy. 2. Telecommunication technologies - include telephones (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and television often through satellites. Telephone system, radio and TV broadcasting are needed in this category. 3. Networking technologies - The best known of networking technologies is Internet, but has extended to mobile phone technology, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) satellite communications and other forms of communications are still in their infancy. In addition to Internet, this category also includes mobile telephone, cable, DSL, satellite and other broadband connectivity. The DICT Roadmap In our country, the Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT) has formulated a roadmap to guide all agencies in the utilization, regulation and enhancement of ICT. Each project has corresponding policy statements and guidelines. The ICT for Education (ICT4E) is a program under the DICT that support all the efforts of the education sector in incorporating the use of ICT as well as in determining and gaining access to the infrastructure (hardware, software. telecommunications facilities and others) which are necessary to use and deploy learning technologies at all levels of education. Among the policy recommended programs that have applications to education teaching-learning are: 1. ICT in Education Masterplan for all levels, including a National Roadmap for Faculty Development in ICT in Education. A National Framework Plan for ICTs in Basic Education was developed. 2. Content and application development through the Open Content in Education Initiative (OCEI) which converts DepEd materials into interactive multi-media content, develop applications used in schools, and conduct students and teachers competitions to promote the development of education-related web content. 3. PheDNET, is a "walled" garden that hosts educational learning and teaching materials and applications for use by Filipino students, their parents and teachers. All public high schools will be part of this network with only DepEd-approved multi- media applications, materials and mirrored internet sites accessible from school's PCs. 4. Established Community eLearning Centers called eSkwela for out-of-school youth (OSY) providing them with ICT-enhanced alternative education opportunities. 5. eQuality Program for tertiary education through partnerships with state universities and colleges (SUCs) to improve quality of IT education and the use of ICT in education in the country, particularly outside of Metro Manila 6. Digital Media Arts Program which builds digital media skills for government using Open Source technologies. Particular beneficiary agencies include the Philippine Information Agency and the other government media organizations, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, National Commission for Culture and Arts and other government art agencies, State Universities and Colleges and local government units. 7. ICT skills strategic plan which develops an inter-agency approach to identifying strategic and policy and program recommendations to address ICT skills demand- supply type. All the seven programs were guided by the roadmap that embeds policy statements that relate to education specifically in the enhancement of human development for teaching and learning. Some Issues on ICT and Internet Policy and Regulations Global Issues Access and Civil Liberties are two sets of issues in ICT Policy which are crucial to the modern society. The other concern is civil liberties which refer to human rights and freedom. These include freedom of expression, the right to privacy, the right to ccommunicate and intellectual property rights. Access to the Use of Internet and ICT. Access means the possibility for everyone to use the internet and other media. In richer countries, basic access to internet is almost available to all with faster broadband connections. There are still countries where access to internet is still a challenge. Infringement to Civil Liberties or Human Rights. What are specific internet issues on internet policy that have relationship to civil liberties or human rights? Let's study the examples that follow. Issue No. 1: Freedom of Expression and Censorship Under international human rights conventions, all people are guaranteed the fights for free expression. However, with the shift from communicating through letter, newspapers and public meetings to electronic communications and on-line networking, a need to look into how these new means modifies the understanding of freedom of expression and censorship: The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, likewise the right to freedom of opinion and expression. However there are practices that violate these provisions in the use of internet. Some examples are the following: 1. Individual rights are given up in order to have access to electronic networks. Microsoft Network's (MSN's contracts provide protection of individuals like "upload, or otherwise make available files that contain images, photographs or other materials protected by intellectual property laws, including but not limiting to copyright or trademark laws, unless you own or control the rights thereto or have received all necessary consents to do the same." However Microsoft reserves the rights, in its sole discretion, to terminate access to any or all MSN sites or services. 2. Censorship restricts the transmission of information by blocking it or filtering the information. Blocking is preventing access to whole areas of internet based upon the "blacklist" of certain Internet address, location or email addresses while filtering is sifting the packets of data or messages as they move across computer networks and eliminating those considered "undesirable" materials. The selection of sites that are blocked or has been considered as an issue. Warning!!!! "When you are surfing the web, you may think you are anonymous, but there are various ways that information about you or your activities can be collected without your consent.” 3. Defamation actions may be used to silence critics. This action deters the freedom of expression. Issue No. 2: Privacy and Security Privacy policies are an issue. Most commercial sites have a privacy policy. When someone uses a site and clicks "I agree" button, it is as if you have turned over private information to any authority that may access it. There are several types of privacy as shown by the following examples: 1. For most, privacy means "personal privacy" the right of individuals not to have their home, private life or personal life interfered with. 2. Privacy of communication refers to the protection from interference with communication over the phone or internet. Respect for privacy of communications is an essential prerequisite for the maintenance human relationship via technological communications media. 3. Information privacy is related to the use of computers and communications system which are able to hold and process information about large numbers of people at a high speed. It is important to ensure that information will only be used for purposes for which it was gathered and will not be disclosed to others without consent of the individuals. Issue No. 3: Surveillance and Data Retention The use of electronic communications has enhanced the development of indirect surveillance. In the indirect surveillance, there is no direct contact between the agent and the subject of surveillance but evidence of activities can be traced. The new and powerful form of indirect surveillance is dataveillance. Dataveillance is the of personal information to monitor a person's activities while data retention is storage and use of information from communication systems. There is very little that can be done to prevent surveillance. What can be done is to change the methods of working to make surveillance difficult. This is called "counter surveillance" or "information security" if it refers to computers electronic communication. Issue No. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT. These are in particular, terminal equipment used for computing (PCs, laptops), broadcasting (television and radiosets), telephony (fixed and mobile phones), and peripherals (fax machines, printers and scanners). The accumulated e-waste is due to rapid turnover of equipment due to rapid improvement of software. While material waste can be destroyed by crushing, toxic material brought about by the different equipment requires utmost management. The quantities of e- waste are increasing in both developed and developing countries. A very dismal state is that there is a significant amount of electronic waste that has been shipped from industrial countries to developing countries, using less environmentally: responsible procedure. Remedies include standardization and regulatory measures to increase the life cycle of equipment before they become obsolete. Efficient extraction of toxic components and requiring the recycling by both consumers and equipment vendors are selling must be required. If not controlled then, e-waste will tremendously affect climate change, damage human lives, and overload the capacity of the earth in carrying solid waste. Implications to Teaching and Learning How do the policy guidelines, projects and issues relate to the teaching and learning? There are great implications of this lesson to both the teachers who are teaching and the learners who are learning. A few of these are as follows: For the Teachers and Teaching 1. Guide the teachers on what they should teach that relate to ICT, and how to teach it. Since ICT development comes so rapid and fast, teachers might be overwhelmed by its rapid speed. Temperance in its use is a caution that should be looked at. 2. Technology should never replace any human teacher. The tools are support instructional materials for the teachers which are available for use. The teacher should learn how to appropriately use them. The human touch of the teacher is still a vital component in teaching. Teachers should always be reminded that there are always limitations in the use of the different gadget and tools. 3. There are rules and regulations that govern the use of technology. Caution should be observed to protect individual privacy. As teachers, you must be aware that the use of technology may jeopardize your privacy and security. 4. All the issues and many more shall be part of the teaching content as each teacher will be encouraged to use technology in teaching. For the Learners and Learning The learners of the 21" Century are even more advanced than some of the teachers. However, learners still need guidance on how to use, regulate technology use. As there are positive and negative effects of technology and learners should know the difference. Learners should not only know the benefits of technology use, but they should also know how they can be protected from the hazards that technology brings to their lives. Learners should take advantage of the potential of learning support they can derive such as the development of higher order thinking skills, the development of learning communities through collaboration, the enhancement of skills manage the vast resources as 21" century learners and many more. Both the teachers and learners should be mindful of the e-waste that are being thrown away to the land and to the atmosphere. Thus, safety in the us technology shall be presented in the next lesson.  EXPERIENCE Task 1: Experience as an Investigator GROUP OUTPUT Assume yourself as an investigator who would like to inform your learners and co- teachers about the current issues on technology use. With your groupmates (same groupings) , search the web and find out one article or case about: A. Freedom of Expression and Censorship B. Privacy and Security C. Surveillance and Data Retention D. e- pollutants from e-waste Choose only one article or case that you want to work on. Use the template for your answer. Submit your output by uploading it through the link provided in our Moodle classroom. Note: The output should be uploaded only by the leader of the group. Title of the Issue: (Choose from A,B,C,D) Ex. Privacy and Security Title of the Article: Source: Author: Summary Narrative: What lesson have you learned? What suggestions can you offer? Submitted by: Names of the Students  EXCHANGE: Task 2: Reflection INDIVIDUAL OUTPUT Watch all the videos assigned to each topic and based on the four video clips answer the questions that follows: Use the template provided for this task. Name: Course: Date: Activity: Video Clip Analysis Topics: Issues on ICT A. Freedom of Expression and Censorship https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNsl4X91jco B. Privacy and Security https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVtM8FYaV9c C. Surveillance and Data Retention https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT9B4hX9tP4 D. e- pollutants from e-waste https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0JgPwNEDKw Task: In the video clip, I as a future teacher… 1. learned that…. 2. realized that… 3. plan to… Reference: Bilbao, Purita P. et. al. Technology for Teaching and Learning 1, Lorimar Publishing Inc. 2019, Quezon City Manila