Quantitative Sustainability: The Assessment Framework PDF

Stig Irving Olsen, Associate Professor Quantitative Sustainability: The assessment framework DTU 1 Learning outcomes of video Illustrate the generic life cycle of products and systems Explain the fundamentals of LCA Identify indicators for lif...

Stig Irving Olsen, Associate Professor Quantitative Sustainability: The assessment framework DTU 1 Learning outcomes of video Illustrate the generic life cycle of products and systems Explain the fundamentals of LCA Identify indicators for life cycle sustainability assessment Formulate a simplified assessment approach DTU 2  Value chain is the life cycle - from cradle to grave [UNEP, 2019] https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/27651/GCOII_synth.pdf? sequence=1&isAllowed=y DTU  The product life cycle – from cradle to grave? DTU  What is LCA? How we understand the life cycle - from cradle to grave Activity Resources Impacts Emissions Technosphere Ecosphere (Production system) DTU  Emission Emission CAS.no. to air to w ater Substance g g 2-hydroxy-ethanacrylate 816-61-0 0,0348 4,4-methylenebis cyclohexylamine 1761-71-2 5,9E-02 Ammonia 7664-81-7 3,7E-05 4,2E-05 Arsenic ( As ) 7440-38-2 2,0E-06 Benzene 71-43-2 (cur 5,0E-02 Lead ( Pb ) 7439-92-1 8,5E-06 Butoxyethanol 111-76-2 6,6E-01 Carbondioxide 124-38-9 2,6E+02 Carbonmonoxide ( CO ) 630-08-0 1,9E-01 Cadmium (Cd) 7440-46-9 2,2E-07 Chlorine ( Cl2 ) 7782-50-5 4,6E-04 Chromium ( Cr VI ) 7440-47-3 5,3E-06 Dicyclohexane methane 86-73-6 5,1E-02 Nitrous oxide( N2O ) 10024-97-2 1,7E-02 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 121-14-2 9,5E-02 HMDI 5124-30-1 7,5E-02 Hydro carbons (electricity, stationary combustio - 1,7E+00 Hydrogen ions (H+) - 1,0E-03 i-butanol 78-83-1 3,5E-02 i-propanol 67-63-0 9,2E-01 copper ( Cu ) 7740-50-8 1,8E-05 Mercury( Hg ) 7439-97-6 2,7E-06 Methane 74-82-8 5,0E-03 Methyl i-butyl ketone 108-10-1 5,7E-02 Monoethyl amine 75-04-7 7,9E-06 Nickel ( Ni ) 7440-02-0 1,1E-05 Nitrogen oxide ( NOx ) 10102-44-0 1,1E+00 NMVOC, diesel engine (exhaust) - 3,9E-02 NMVOC, pow er plants (stationary combustion) - 3,9E-03 Ozone ( O3 ) 10028-15-6 1,8E-03 PAH ikke specifik 2,4E-08 Phenol 108-95-2 1,3E-05 Phosgene 75-44-5 1,4E-01 Polyeter polyol ikke specifik 1,6E-01 1,2-propylenoxide 75-56-9 8,2E-02 Nitric acid 7782-77-6 (c 8,5E-02 Hydrochloric acid 7647-01-0 (c 1,9E-02 Selenium ( Se ) 7782-49-2 2,6E-05 Sulphur dioxide( SO2 ) 7446-09-5 1,3E+00 Toluene 108-88-3 4,8E-02 Toluene-2,4-diamine 95-80-7 7,9E-02 Toluene diisocyanat ( TDI ) 26471-62-5 1,6E-01 Total-N - 2,6E-05 Triethylamine 121-44-8 1,6E-01 Unspecified aldehydes - 7,5E-04 Uspecified organic compounds - 1,5E-03 Vanadium 7440-62-2 1,8E-04 VOC, diesel engine (exhaust) - 6,4E-05 VOC, stationary combustion (coal fired) - 4,0E-05 VOC, stationary combustion (natural gas fired) - 2,2E-03 VOC, stationary combustion (oil fired) - 1,4E-04 Xylene 1330-20-7 1,4E-01 Zinc ( Zn ) 7440-66-6 8,9E-05 DTU  What is LCA? Definition of goal of assessment - “what is the question?” Scoping of system Collection of data on emissions and resource use Translation of emissions into environmental impacts Interpretation of results - answer to the question Impacts DTU A fundamental feature of LCA is the focus on service Vs Same X 30 function + washing & transport DTU LCA is for comparisons Is better than But is it OK for the environment? (Absolute perspective) DTU LCA helps avoiding problem shifting life cycle from cradle to grave All relevant environmental imapcts working environment resource consumption (biotic and abiotic) DTU  Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) Life Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Costing Social Life Cycle Assessment LCA LCC SLCA LCA LCC SLCA LCSA DTU  Rödger et al. In Hauschild et al (Eds) Life cycle Assessment, 2018 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56475-3_15 DTU 12 The social side https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/progress-midpoint/ DTU 13  UNEP, 2020. Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products and Organizations 2020. Benoît Norris, C., Traverso, M., Neugebauer, S., Ekener, E., Schaubroeck, T., Russo Garrido, S., Berger, M., Valdivia, S., Lehmann, A., Finkbeiner, M., Arcese, G. (eds.). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). DTU 14 Stepwise Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Neugebauer et al, Journal of Cleaner Production 102 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.053 DTU 15  The MECO framework Life Cycle Stage Causes of Extraction of Manufacturing Use Disposal Driver for: Environmental raw materials stage stage stage Impact Materials Depletion of natural resources Energy Climate change, acidification, photochemical ozone formation etc. Chemicals Human and ecological toxicity Ozone depletion Others E.g. land use, water use, social impacts etc. DTU 16 Quantitative Sustainability framework Life Cycle Stage Sustainability Extraction of Manufacturing Use stage Disposal Measured by: Impact area raw stage stage materials Resources Use of biotic and abiotic resources Circular economy indicators Environment Climate change, Carbon footprint Absolute boundaries Economic Costs Social/Health Socioeconomic impacts, health impacts Transition Qualitative or semiquatitative assessment DTU 17 Summary LCA is a comparative method that assess the environmental impacts of a product or system throughout its life cycle It is important to precisely define the object of assessment Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment aims to additionally include the economic and the social impacts In this course we do not apply LCSA, but aim to cover all aspects in a life cycle perspective through a simplified approach DTU 18