Module 1: Introduction to Engineering Management PDF

Module 1 Introduction to Engineering Management ©2017 Batangas State University 1  Introduction Today’s technological society is constantly changing, and with the change comes a need for the engineer to...

Module 1 Introduction to Engineering Management ©2017 Batangas State University 1  Introduction Today’s technological society is constantly changing, and with the change comes a need for the engineer to be able to address society’s technological challenges as well as the opportunities for the future. Engineers play a key role that in maintaining technological leadership and a sound economy as the world becomes flatter in today’s global economy. To do this, the engineer needs to remain alert to changing products, processes, technologies, and opportunities, and be prepared for a creative and productive life and position of leadership. To assist the engineer for a productive life and position of leadership, this chapter includes the discussion of the functions of engineer, historical development of engineering management, concepts and the principles of engineering management, the process of management and the nature of managerial work. 2 ©2017 Batangas State University  Learning Objectives Describe the origins of engineering management. Explain the concept and principles of engineering management. Illustrate the role of engineers in engineering management activities. 3 ©2017 Batangas State University  The Functions of Engineer Engineers are expected to perform variety of tasks depending on their specialization and job level. It is important to the engineer that he knows what is expected of him so that he may be able to perform his job effectively and efficiently. His next concern will be able to identify the skills required but which he does not have. As engineers are not trained to directly deal with people, it is expected that their weakness will most often be on people-based skills. This difficulty will be more apparent once they are assigned to occupy management positions. It follows that if the engineer manager would want to do the job well, some exposure to engineering management activities become necessary. 4 ©2017 Batangas State University  The Functions of Engineer ► Producing solutions to many difficulties faced by mankind ▪ Research ▪ Design and Development ▪ Testing ▪ Manufacturing ▪ Construction ▪ Sales ▪ Consulting ▪ Government ▪ Teaching ▪ Management 5 ©2017 Batangas State University  Engineering Management History 6 ©2017 Batangas State University  Concept and the Principles of Engineering Management Engineering means by which people make possible the realization of human dreams by extending their reach in the real world. Engineers are the practitioners of the art of managing the application of science and mathematics. By this description, engineering has a limitless variety of possible disciplines. Management is a “creative problem-solving process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling an organization’s resources to achieve its mission and objectives”. 7 ©2017 Batangas State University  Management ► The work of creating and maintaining environments in which people can accomplish goals efficiently and effectively (Albanese) ► The process of achieving desired results through efficient utilization of human and material resources (Bedeian) ► The process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources (Certo) ► A set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organization’s resources (human, financial, physical, and information) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner (Griffin) ► The process by which managers create, direct, maintain, and operate purposive organizations through coordinated, cooperative human effort (McFarland) ► The process of acquiring and combining human, financial, informational, and physical resources to attain the organization’s primary goal of producing a product or service desired by some segment of society (Pringle, Jennings, and Longnecker) 8 ©2017 Batangas State University  Management Levels ► First-line managers o Directly supervise non-managers. o They hold titles such as foreman, supervisor, or section chief. o Responsible for carrying out the plans and objectives of higher management, using the personnel and other resources assigned to them. o Make short-range operating plans governing what will be done tomorrow or next week, assign tasks to their workers, supervise the work that is done, and evaluate the performance of individual workers. 9 ©2017 Batangas State University  Management Levels ► Middle managers o carry titles such as plant manager, division head, chief engineer, or operations manager. o Make plans of intermediate range to achieve the long-range goals set by top management, establish departmental policies, and evaluate the performance of subordinate work units and their managers. o Also integrate and coordinate the short-range decisions and activities of first-line supervisory groups to achieve the long-range goals of the enterprise. 10 ©2017 Batangas State University  Management Levels ► Top managers o bear titles such as chairman of the board, president, or executive vice president; the top one of these will normally be designated chief executive officer (CEO). o responsible for defining the character, mission, and objectives of the enterprise. o establish criteria for and review long-range plans. o evaluate the performance of major departments, and evaluate leading management personnel to gauge their readiness for promotion to key executive positions. 11 ©2017 Batangas State University  Skills Required versus Management 12 ©2017 Batangas State University  Engineering Management Activity combining “technical knowledge with the ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery and money. 13 ©2017 Batangas State University  Engineering Management The engineering manager is distinguished from other managers because he [or she] possesses both an ability to apply engineering principles and a skill in organizing and directing people and projects. He is uniquely qualified for two types of jobs: the management of technical functions (such as design or production) in almost any enterprise, or the management of broader functions (such as marketing or top management) in a high-technology enterprise. 14 ©2017 Batangas State University  Engineering Management Competition is global, and the ability to compete successfully on this scale is fostered by corporate leaders who can do the following: o Really understand the business. o Understand both the technology that is driving the business today and the technology that will change the business in the future. o Treat research and development as an investment to be nurtured, rather than an expense to be minimized. o Spend more time on strategic thinking about the future as they rise higher in the corporation o Are dedicated to solving a customer’s problem or satisfying a need, which is how I would define true marketing as opposed to sales. o Place a premium on innovation. 15 ©2017 Batangas State University  Process of Management Management is a process consisting of planning, organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling. Management must seek to find out the objectives of the organization, think of ways on how to achieve them, decide on the ways to be adapted and the material resources to be used, determine the human requirements of the total job, assign specific tasks to specific persons, motivate them and make sure that the activities are in the right direction. The five elements of the management process are planning, organizing, coordination, motivation and control. Management is then exercised by planning, finalizing the strategies, making policies, taking managerial decisions for different situations and options, so as to achieve the objectives of the organization. 16 ©2017 Batangas State University  Process of Management A process management sometimes referred to as the process performance measurement and management system. An organization’s senior management is responsible for carrying out its management process. However, this is not always the case for all management processes; for example, sometimes it is the responsibility of the project manager to carry out a project management process. 17 ©2017 Batangas State University  Successful Engineer Manager Ability Capacity of an engineer to achieve organizational objective effectively and efficiently Effectiveness is whether objectives are accomplished. The degree to which objectives are achieved and the extent to which targeted problems are solved Efficiency is the ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time in doing something or in producing a desired result. In a more general sense, it is the ability to do things well, successfully, and without waste 18 ©2017 Batangas State University  Successful Engineer Manager Motivation to Manage Favorable attitude toward those in positions of authority Desire to engage in games or sports competition with peers Desire to engage in occupation or work related competition with peers Desire to assert oneself and take charge Desire to exercise power and authority over others Desire to behave in a distinctive way Sense of responsibility 19 ©2017 Batangas State University  Successful Engineer Manager Opportunity Obtaining a suitable managerial job Finding a supportive climate once on the job 20 ©2017 Batangas State University