MIDTERMS LECTURE NOTES_4A and 4B_PART 1.pdf

PP 112 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 2 “Administering the Regular Services of the Architect” Course Description: Architecture as a Profession, Ethical Norms and Office Procedures. The course is designed to provide the students with...

PP 112 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 2 “Administering the Regular Services of the Architect” Course Description: Architecture as a Profession, Ethical Norms and Office Procedures. The course is designed to provide the students with the basic understanding of the practice of architecture pertaining to the basic services. The architect renders within the context of professionalisms, ethical conduct and quality service delivery. Course Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able: 1. Define the role of ethics and professionalism in the practice of Architecture. 2. Delineate the part played by the profession in the building industry in particular and society in general. 3. Describe and explain in the phases of implementing the basic services of the Architect. 4. Understand the need for effective organization, management and operation in delivering the architect’s services. MIDTERMS TOPIC 1. The Architect and the Architecture Profession Architecture is in the family of vocations called professions, all of which share certain qualities and collectively occupy a special position in society. Architects’ status as professionals provides them with an underlying structure for their everyday activities. There is a difference between Profession and an Occupation: We also differentiate between professions and other occupations. Expertise, training, and skill help define those vocations that “profess” to have a specialized territory of knowledge for practice. While many occupations require expertise, training, and skill, professions are based specifically on fields of higher learning. Such learning takes place primarily in institutions of higher education rather than in vocational schools or on the job. Universities introduce prospective professionals to the body of theory or knowledge in their field. Definitions of Architect and Architecture: (Derived from Republic Act No. 9266: “The Architecture Act of 2004”, Rule 1, Section 3. Definition of Terms) ARCHITECTURE - is the art, science or profession of planning, designing and constructing buildings in their totality taking into account their environment, in accordance with the principles of utility, strength and beauty. ARCHITECT - means a person professionally and academically qualified, registered and licensed under R.A. No. 9266 with a Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card issued by the Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture and the Professional Regulation Commission, and who is responsible for advocating the fair and sustainable development, welfare and cultural expression of society’s habitat in terms of space, forms and historical context. GENERAL PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE: a. the act of planning and architectural designing, structural conceptualization, specifying, supervising and giving general administration and responsible direction to the erection, enlargement or alterations of buildings and building environments and architectural design in engineering structures or any part thereof; b. the scientific, aesthetic and orderly coordination of all the processes which enter into the production of a complete building or structure performed through the medium of unbiased preliminary studies of plans, consultations, specifications, conferences, evaluations, investigations, contract documents and oral advice and directions regardless of whether the persons engaged in such practice are residents of the Philippines or have their principal office or place of business in this country or another territory, and regardless of whether such persons are performing one or all these duties, or whether such duties are performed in person or as the directing head of an office or organization performing them; SCOPE OF THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE: This encompasses the provision of professional services in connection with site, physical and planning and the design, construction, enlargement, conservation, renovation, remodeling, restoration or alteration of a building or group of buildings. Services may include, but are not limited to: a. planning, architectural designing and structural conceptualization; b. consultation, consultancy, giving oral or written advice and directions, conferences, evaluations, investigations, quality surveys, appraisals and adjustments, architectural and operational planning, site analysis and other pre-design services; c. schematic design, design development, contract documents and construction phases including professional consultancies; d. preparation of preliminary, technical, economic and financial feasibility studies of plans, models and project promotional services; e. preparation of architectural plans, specifications, bill of materials, cost estimates, general conditions and bidding documents; f. construction and project management, giving general management, administration, supervision, coordination and responsible direction or the planning, architectural designing, construction, reconstruction, erection, enlargement or demolition, renovation, repair, orderly removal, remodeling, alteration, preservation or restoration of buildings or structures or complex buildings, including all their components, sites and environs, intended for private or public use; g. the planning, architectural lay-outing and utilization of spaces within and surrounding such buildings or structures, housing design and community architecture, architectural interiors and space planning, architectural detailing, architectural lighting, acoustics, architectural lay-outing of mechanical, electrical, electronic, sanitary, plumbing, communications and other utility systems, equipment and fixtures; h. building programming, building administration, construction arbitration and architectural conservation and restoration; i. all works which relate to the scientific, aesthetic and orderly coordination of all works and branches of the work, systems and process necessary for the production of a complete building or structure, whether for public or private use, in order to enhance and safeguard life, health and property and the promotion and enrichment of the quality of life, the architectural design of engineering structures or any part thereof; and j. all other works, projects and activities which require the professional competence of an architect, including teaching of architectural subjects and architectural computer-aided design; THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: According to Jim Childress, FAIA. (Jim is a principal of Centerbrook Architects and has won more than 60 design awards, including the American Institute of Architects Architecture Firm Award.) 1. Thou shalt not compartmentalize: In addition to learning to design, thou should write well, spell correctly, fgure out how to get jobs and keep clients happy, take out the trash, make a good cup of coffee, be able to build models, master sustainability as well as the latest technological tools. Do all this and more, except … hire a good professional to photograph your work. It will pay off in awards and in landing new jobs. 2. Don’t be disappointed when a client rejects your design: It only means another opportunity to design. In architecture there are many solutions to the same question and designing is what you do. 3. Always exceed your client’s expectations: The corollary is: establish attainable expectations. 4. Cost counts: No matter what clients may say, or how deep their pockets, cost is foremost in the minds of them all. Make sure there is a clear, written understanding of the expected project cost and have a plan in case the budget gets out of whack. 5. Problems are opportunities: Show them how good you are in a pinch. 6. Bad news travels fast: An unhappy client is your worst nightmare. The corollary is: sa s fed clients become good friends and good references. 7. Art frst, Mammon second: Make every project an artistic success, and you will thrive. If your frst priority is making money, you will go broke. 8. Go forth and collaborate: Architecture is a team sport. Surround yourself with talented and enjoyable people, in and out of the offce. And, share the credit, it’s not all about you. 9. Listen: Believe it or not, people besides you have good ideas and insights. Always be empathetic. In the end it will be your client’s building, not yours. If you want to be a star, move to Hollywood. 10. Find your inner nurture: Clients are spending a lot of money; they expect something special. Nurture everything you do with care. 100 YEARS OF THE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION IN THE PHILIPPINES By: Arch. Renato A. Heray, FUAP (as published in The Manila Times last January 12, 2021)) - ARCHITECTURE in the Philippines has come a long way since it the profession was recognized 100 years ago. - More than a century ago, one will not find a school for architecture in the land. The closest one can get is to undertake studies to be a Maestro de Obra — then considered as builders. If one wants to earn the title, seeking studies abroad is the best possible way. -Despite not having architecture schools at that time, Maestro de Obras and surveyors established the first organization of architecture as interest in this field grew. More and more Filipinos were able to study abroad and return to the country to practice their profession. - In 1921, the Engineers and Architects Law was passed, stating the separation of board of examination for engineers and architects. The same law also mandated Maestro de Obras to be automatically registered as architects, with Tomas Mapua as the first licensed Filipino architect. - Three separate associations of architects were established from the early 1930s to the late 50s. - These are the League of Philippine Architects (LPA), the Association of the Philippine Government Architects (AGPA), and the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA). - However, it took over a few more decades before the profession saw a clearer path towards professional unity. - After careful and meticulous process of incorporation, the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) was finally established in 1975 and was recognized by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) as the duly accredited professional organization of architects in the country. - With a pool of more than 50, 000 members and a strong network of 181 chapters from various regions across the globe, the UAP is a prime mover in making the architecture profession known not only in the country, but also in the international arena. - It is an award-winning professional organization which has clinched the PRC’s Most Outstanding Accredited-Professional Organization Award or the APO Award for several consecutive years since 2002 — a testament that it is serving its purpose of protecting the profession. We have renowned architects we all look up to for their distinct designs — National Artist Leandro V. Locsin, who is the talent behind The Cultural Center of the Philippines; Juan Felipe Nakpil, who designed the Manila Jockey Club, Magsaysay Building, and Rufino Building among others; and Francisco “Bobby” Mañosa who designed the San Miguel Corp. Headquarters inspired by the Banaue Rice Terraces. These architects are the representation of what the Filipino talent truly has — love for country, creativity, vibrancy, and innovation. With its Member-First Policy, a flagship campaign of the current administration, the UAP is anchored in the mission of serving its members by providing tangible benefits that would up their skills and talents in the field, even amidst an ongoing global crisis. - The UAP works not only within their internal organization. It also puts emphasis on external affairs — promoting their profession with its “Get An Architect” advocacy campaign, an award-winning drive of making the professional known to the public, specifically to the masses. It also comes with a stream of active corporate social responsibility projects in various regions, with the aid of its chapters, by providing pro bono professional consultations, volunteer works, and donations to both public and private sectors for housing problems, environmental conservation and promotion of socio- economic development. - Despite facing hurdles to protect the interest of the professionals, the profession in general, and the laws that govern it in the past years, the UAP believes that architecture is here, not only to stay but to continue soaring. It will not cease from flying high to reach lofty pursuits. - The UAP aims to maintain the architecture profession in the country in the next hundreds of years, through its thousands of Filipino architects ready to take on the challenge of making a better, livable spaces for everyone. IMPORTANT ISSUES AND CONCERNS IN THE PROFESSION OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES by: Arch. Benjamin Panganiban Jr. October 16, 2020 (The author is the immediate past national president of the United Architects of the Philippines and the first national president from Mindanao. He has been in the private practice for more than 35 years and is a Fellow of the UAP. He is also the first ASEAN and APEC architect coming from Davao City. He is a graduate of BS Architecture from the University of Mindanao, a Doctor Fellow of the Royal Institute of Architects Singapore, and a recipient of the European Business Assembly.) - The lifestyles of people and even the physical structures in a society have changed the landscape of cities that we begin to ask ourselves: ‘Do we firmly believe architects should be at the forefront of innovations? Are architects important to make these places livable? What is the role of architects today? What are the challenges facing global architecture? How do we reshape architecture as our global response to the pandemic? How do we build a better urban future? a. DIGITAL - Our designs of resilient cities are now mostly toward embracing virtual commerce. Cities worldwide, through their local and national governments, have now interconnected government transactions and accelerated data gatherings to effectively interface transactions and eradicate graft and corruption. - Some physically affected structures of architectural work are office spaces and hospital buildings. Also affected through digital technology are businesses engaged in online shopping, now a popular mode of commerce. Here, the shift of design and construction of homes, offices or business establishments by architects remains high for this type of market. - Information technology is now very much an upgraded part of the architect’s design process. b. HEALTH CARE - There has been an unprecedented massive review and investment worldwide in public health systems. The focus of the various national governments is to go to communities and suburban centers and have their local governments work out preventive measures and provide permanent isolation centers. - Architects worldwide have stepped up their innovative designs for health-care provisions of isolation and treatment centers, making sure the design process minimizes the spread of the virus. - The suburban areas, communities, districts, and barangays are now the first line of defense as local authorities execute programs to eradicate the virus block by block, working out each barangay or district. They now implement localized lockdowns. c. MOBILITY - Each city is now weighing the balance between public health and the economy. As governments grapple with the downturn of businesses, they are now in a quandary on whether or not to allow work to resume despite the pandemic to keep their countries alive. The challenges here are for architects and urban planners to design workplaces, transport systems and pedestrian walkways to minimize the spread of the virus. - Functional spaces and circulatory flows of people’s movement should be re-visited and re-evaluated to incorporate innovative design approaches. Open spaces in urban dwellings are now a necessity. - Even airport protocols are now virtual. We have now virtual flight reservations, screens are now touchless, and we see robotic machines going around airport terminals spraying disinfectants. We also have facial recognition and biometrics for passengers doing self check-ins. COVID-19 has altered the design of airports with lesser personnel involved. d. COMMERCE - There are changes to business models from traditional to non-traditional. Business trading and workflows have either shut down, been affected tremendously, or have drastically shifted to another form of business. - Conversion is the key here to the designers’ approach to lessen the losses and still make the business profitable. Adaptive re-use and collaborative works become the norm for architects as businesses figure out how to stay afloat. Architects must embody the latest building technology and creative solutions to sustain the future of businesses. - Concerns of businesses and architects are the supply chain, which has been disrupted globally. Factories have closed while society’s need for food and personal protective equipment have been in demand but with less supply. This is due to the businesses not fully embracing digital technology updates. e. EDUCATION - Education affects the global practice of architecture in terms of the regulatory regimes and physical aspects. We see today’s education being driven by telecom and that telecom should be available. Data internet now becomes a basic utility investment by local governments and more cities, schools and households. They will have to invest in this because there are millions of students out there that need to be educated. - The way to go for the tertiary level is for college students to do their research and even their practicum away from the laboratory walls in schools but through their mentors in the professional and business fields. In short, distance learning is an approach to education today. The secondary and primary levels will have to either work from home or the institutions of learning should upgrade themselves to physically reformat their places of educating pupils. - This is where the architects can think of innovating these buildings, renovating the classrooms and creating places where the students can also have remote meetings with their teachers separately. Regulatory agencies are now changing the mode of educating students via the internet worldwide and the education ministries are considering alternative learning techniques and approaches applicable to all levels of primary and secondary schools. THE ARCHITECT AND THE LAW - It is well known that architects throughout the profession engage in a wide range of services including preparing drawings, designs, plans and models of buildings to enable development approvals to be obtained for and construction to occur. Due to the scope and extent of architecture, many factors affect the architectural business and professional work. One of these factors, which has an enormous impact on this profession, is the legal rules and regulations related to architectural practices. - Architects are obliged to deal with different professional affairs and client issues from the beginning of their careers. Hence, architects must be aware of the rules and procedures and use them to promote their professionalism. - In the event of a professional dispute, the architect should be aware of his / her own and others' legal responsibilities. The architect should be aware of the basic legal information and current law related to the architectural field and know that ignorance of the law does not relieve legal responsibilities. INSIGHT - an Architect should have strong moral principle to stand and defend his morals and beliefs, to execute what is RIGHT. - an Architect should not be arrogant, but must be faithful to his words and principles. - an Architect must be just, not only in doing his job, but also know his rights and other peoples’ rights. He / She abides the law of Man and the law of God. - He should not be boastful of who he is, instead, he must easy to deal with, like how a friend comforts his friend. - an Architect should not be blinded by the material and wealth gain, and fame, instead, humble himself and do what is right and just, to be able to preserve his name from any anomalies, and always stand tall with dignity. THE VALUE OF THE ARCHITECT – from ARCHITECT’S NATIONAL CODE OF STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE The Architect creates man’s environment through his awareness and sensitive handling of spaces that fit the scale of human experience. The resulting quality of the form-envelope manifested as a structure or building gives rise to man’s appreciation of beauty and order in his physical world. The Architects’ deliberation determine how people will be placed in relationship one to another, how whole societies will work, play, eat, sleep, recreate, travel, worship, or in short how people will live in consonance with their culture and national aspirations. His objective is to bring order to man’s environment to cause it to function properly within a structure that is safe and healthful and to impart to the whole a beauty and distinction that is appropriate to our time. INSIGHTS to the Value of the Architect: - An Architect has the knowledge and applies the Core Values on the Vitruvian idea that all buildings should have three attributes: “firmitas, utilitas, and venustas” ("strength", "utility", and "beauty"). - He uses his imagination to express himself through Art and also in problem solving. - An Architect should be resourceful, formulates unique solutions out of the available resources without disturbing and destroying the environment. - An Architect must have strong leadership that is capable to guide his subordinates throughout the projects. - An Architect has the integrity to formulate unique and original design solutions without copying other designs nor existing Designs of other professionals. - An Architect thinks critically, doesn’t plan in just a snap, every detail must be criticized carefully. - An Architect enlightens people and educate them the importance of professionalism, helps in creating good quality and sustainable environment. CORE VALUES OF A TRUE ARCHITECT By: Shannon (Editor of Architecture, landscape, urban design) Wisdom: Understanding the meaning and application of core values in the Vitruvian axiom “commodity, firmness, delight” Creativity: Continuous use of imagination both in problem solving, and artistic expression; with drawing, painting, sculpture…and practical study of the sister arts, adding to the richness of their solutions. Resourcefulness: Modeling design and building technologies after natures own laws of order, and striving for unique solutions that wed together the highest ideals of beauty and practical utility Leadership: Providing artful guidance and oversight throughout project, like a conductor leading an orchestra Integrity: Ability to uphold authentic building traditions and architectural principles without copying superficial styles; expressing truth in material and structure Prudence: Critical judgment, deep insights and a level of discretion that comes from a comprehensive understanding of the whole Enlightenment: Strong desire to educate the public on the meaning and value of the architects work in creating high quality, sustainable environments; and to nurture their apprentices so they might carry the torch of architecture into the future. THE SPECTRUM OF THE ARCHITECT’S SERVICES The spectrum of the Architect’s services extends over the entire range of activities that proceed from the time the idea is conceived, perfected, transformed into sets of space/ design requirements, translated into structure through design, built, used and become a permanent feature of the man-made environment. The Architect’s services consist of the necessary conferences, deliberations, discussions, evaluations, investigations, consultations, advice on matters affecting the scientific, aesthetic and orderly coordination of all the processes of safeguarding life, health, and property which enter into the production of different levels and sophistication of man-made structures and environment. The Architect, in the process of translating abstract ideas into meaningful concrete terms, produces documents in the form of a data base report, an architectural program, a feasibility study, a market study, an appraisal report, an impact analysis report, a space-organizational setup report, a site planning analysis and evaluation report, an operational programming report, building programming and scheduling report. A complete and detailed documentation of construction or erection drawings is prepared consisting of the architectural plans, the structural plans, the electrical plans, the plumbing/sanitary plans, the mechanical/air-conditioning plans, the civil work plans, the technical specifications and the other bid documents. Aside from these, the Architect can prepare the post construction management documents, the operating manual, the maintenance manual and other forms of written and graphical documentations necessary for the effective and efficient functioning of the man-made structures and environment. An appreciation of this scope of services of the Architect will bring into focus the crucial role that the Architect assumes in the realization of abstract ideas into tangible and meaningful terms. Between abstract ideas and the physical world, stands the Architect. The entire range of the Architect’s services are divided into SEVEN (7) major services as follows: 1) Pre-Design Services -------------------------------UAP DOC 201: Architectural Programming/Feasibility Study/Site Study Cost Effectiveness Study/Others 2) Design Services -------------------------------------UAP DOC 202: Architect’s Regular Services 3) Specialized Allied Services -----------------------UAP DOC 203: Planning/Interior/Landscaping/ Acoustics, Communications and Electronic Engineering 4) Construction Services -----------------------------UAP DOC 204: Full-Time Supervision/ Construction Management 5) Post Construction Services ----------------------UAP DOC 205: Buildings and Grounds Administration 6) Comprehensive Architectural Services -------UAP DOC 206: Project Management Service 7) Design-Build Services ---------------------------- UAP DOC 207: Design-Build Services Each of these SEVEN (7) major services can be contracted separately to the Architect depending upon the desire and needs of the Client THE 3-D WHEEL OF A BUILDING PROJECT The concern of this topic is all about: - Checks and balances. - Separation of roles and responsibilities. the 3-D Wheel of a Building Project that can be summarized on the following: D1 - DECISION by the OWNER D2 - DESIGN by the ARCHITECT, ENGINEERS, and ALLIED PROFESSIONALS D3 - DELIVERY by the CONTRACTOR In the 3-D Wheel Model, its sincere intention is to maintain the proper work ethics of each entity, to promote collaboration, and to value honesty and integrity in every project. And to further discourage the temptation caused by conflict of interest and abuse of authority.