medieval architecture.pdf

MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE The Medieval Age: A Time of Knights, Castles, and Chivalry MEDIEVAL/ MEDIEVAL THE MIDDLE AGE Medieval architecture simply refers to architectural styles in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages. Started from Romanesque to Gothic Architecture. ENGLISH MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE...

MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE The Medieval Age: A Time of Knights, Castles, and Chivalry MEDIEVAL/ MEDIEVAL THE MIDDLE AGE Medieval architecture simply refers to architectural styles in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages. Started from Romanesque to Gothic Architecture. ENGLISH MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE HOUSES In Medieval Europe, everyday buildings were built whatever materials were available Early Medieval house often had only two rooms, (one of the owners and one for the animals) ENGLISH MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE CASTLES All over Europe - 1500 castles in England in 11th and 12th centuries notable building in Medieval Architecture Thick walls and small windows to resist attacks many were adapted to make convenient residences in later periods. - King and Queen's Residence - Fortress at times of war  THREE KINDS OF CASTLE Motte and Bailey Motte An open courtyard or ward within the walls of the castle where various structures were located Bailey–A defensive ditch, often filled with water, surrounding the castle  THREE KINDS OF CASTLE Stone Keep Castle a central and crucial component of many medieval castles. It was typically a large, fortified tower that stood alone or as part of a larger castle complex. Concentric Castle a type of medieval fortress characterized by multiple rings of walls and courtyards. This design was developed to provide maximum defense against siege weapons and attackers.  PARTS OF THE CASTLES DONJON/ KEEP/ TOWER A stronghold of Medieval Castle; usually in the form of a massive tower used as a refuge of last resort if the rest of the castle fall to an adversary PEEL It is a small emergency defense structure, generally a low fortified tower  PARTS OF THE CASTLES BARTIZAN An overhanging corner turret at the top of a castle or church tower especially for lookout or defense MACHICOLATION An opening between the supporting corbels of a projecting parapet or the vault of a gate, through which stones or burning objects could be dropped on attackers  PARTS OF THE CASTLES BATTLEMENT Low wall between chest height and head- height),in which rectangular gaps or indentations occur at intervals to allow for the discharge of arrows or other missiles from within the defenses Merlon – in an embattled parapet, one of the solid alternates between the embrasures. Crenels – the crenels or intervals between the merlons of a battlement  PARTS OF THE CASTLES PORTCULLIS a heavy spiked barrier (made from metal or wood) that can be lowered to prevent entrance (as to a castle) DRAWBRIDGE A heavy timber platform built to span a moat between a gatehouse and surrounding land that could be raised when required to block an entrance.  PARTS OF THE CASTLES OUTER CURTAIN WALL The outer perimeter of the castle, usually made of thick stone walls, which protected the entire complex. GATEHOUSE The main entrance to the castle, heavily fortified with features like a drawbridge, portcullis, and murder holes.  PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT: Anglo–Saxon Period – characterized by the use of the timber for domestic building Norman or Transition Period characterized by bold and massive architecture Distinct piers & flat buttresses Early English or Lancet Period Less massive, simple ornament Tall & Narrow “lancet openings“ Projecting buttresses, pinnacles & steep– pitched roofs Group of Slender shafts at the interior  PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT: Decorated or Geometrical & Curvilinear Period more ornate & elaborated in decoration Geometrical & Flowing tracery sometimes crowned by ogee arch An enlarged clerestory at the expense of triforium Perpendicular Period “Rectilinear”, “Late Pointed” or “Lancastrian” Period Use of fan vaults and fan & pendant vaults  PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT: Tudor Period used in domestic buildings rather than ecclesiastical buildings Similar to perpendicular style characteristic are square headed mullion windows ornamental fireplaces, gables with pinnacles, chimneys & finials  EXAMPLE OF CASTLES Carcassone Castillo de Coca Windsor Castles Warwick Castle  EXAMPLE OF CASTLES Bodiam Castle Edinburgh Castle Tower of London – White Tower ENGLISH MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE