First Order Logic PDF

First Order Logic 10S3001 – Artificial Intelligence Samuel I. G. Situmeang Faculty of Informatics and Electrical Engineering 1  Objectives Students are able: ▪ to explain the concept of first-order logic clearly....

First Order Logic 10S3001 – Artificial Intelligence Samuel I. G. Situmeang Faculty of Informatics and Electrical Engineering 1  Objectives Students are able: ▪ to explain the concept of first-order logic clearly. ▪ to apply inference to first-order logic propositions by using first-order logic inference rules. ▪ to apply unification to first-order logic propositions correctly. 10S3001-AI | Institut Teknologi Del 2 Siswa mampu: untuk menjabarkan konsep first-order logic dengan jelas. untuk menerapkan inferensi pada proposisi first-order logic dengan menggunakan aturan inferensi logika first-order logic. untuk menerapkan unifikasi pada proposisi first-order logic dengan tepat. 2 First Order Logic Representation Of Language ▪ Whorf (1956) suggest that communities determine lang. categories ▪ Wanner (1975) subject remember the content of what they read better than the actual words. ▪ Mitchell et al. (2008) could predict –with above chance accuracy– the areas of the brain that would activate with certain words(fMRI) 10S3001-AI | Institut Teknologi Del 3 3 First Order Logic Formal/Natural Languages ▪ Objects (cat, dog, house, John, etc.) ▪ Relations (has color, bigger than, comes between, etc.) ▪ Facts: (One value for a given input: has father, has head, can swim) Facts have a truth value. true or false 10S3001-AI | Institut Teknologi Del 4 4 Formal Languages Ontological and Epistemological Commitments Language Ontological Commitment1 Epistemological Commitment2 Propositional Logic facts true/false/unknown First-Order Logic facts, objects, relations true/false/unknown Temporal Logic facts,objects, relations, time true/false/unknown Probability Theory facts degree of belief 2 [0; 1] Fuzzy Logic facts with degree of truth known interval value 1What exists in the world 2Agent’s beliefs about facts 10S3001-AI | Institut Teknologi Del 5 5 References ▪ S. J. Russell and P. Borvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (4th Edition), Prentice Hall International, 2020. ▪ AITopics: An official publication of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), https://aitopics.org/search. 10S3001-AI | Institut Teknologi Del 6 6  eof 10S3001-AI | Institut Teknologi Del 7 7