M.A. Economics Reupdated Sem 1-4 PDF

પરિપત્ર: ભક્તકવિ નિવસિંહ મહેતા યવુ નિવસિટીની આટટ સ વિદ્યાશાખાનાાં અભ્યાસક્રમ ચલાિતી તમામ સાંલગ્ન કોલેજોનાાં આચાયટશ્રીઓને સવિનય જણાિિાન ાંુ કે આટટ સ વિદ્યાશાખા હેઠળનો અર્ટશાસ્ત્ર વિષયનો એમ.એ. પ્રોગ્રામનો સેમેસ્ટિ-૧ ર્ી સેમેસ્ટિ-૪ નો અભ્યાસક્રમ આ સાર્ે સામેલ છે. માનનીય કુ લપવતશ્રીની...

પરિપત્ર: ભક્તકવિ નિવસિંહ મહેતા યવુ નિવસિટીની આટટ સ વિદ્યાશાખાનાાં અભ્યાસક્રમ ચલાિતી તમામ સાંલગ્ન કોલેજોનાાં આચાયટશ્રીઓને સવિનય જણાિિાન ાંુ કે આટટ સ વિદ્યાશાખા હેઠળનો અર્ટશાસ્ત્ર વિષયનો એમ.એ. પ્રોગ્રામનો સેમેસ્ટિ-૧ ર્ી સેમેસ્ટિ-૪ નો અભ્યાસક્રમ આ સાર્ે સામેલ છે. માનનીય કુ લપવતશ્રીની માંજુિી અનસ ુ ાિ સદિ અભ્યાસક્રમ શૈક્ષણણક િષટ જુન,૨૦૨૩ર્ી અમલિાિી કિિાની િહે છે. વિદ્યાશાખાનાાં અર્ટશાસ્ત્ર વિષયનાાં પી.જી.નો અભ્યાસક્રમ ચલાિતી તમામ સાંલગ્ન કોલેજોનાાં પી.જી.સેન્ટિ ધ્િાિા તેની અમલિાિી કિિા જણાિિામાાં આિે છે. ખાસ ફિજ પિના અવિકાિી (એકેડેવમક) ક્રમાાંક/બીકેએનએમય/ુ એકેડેવમક/૩૩૯/૨૦૨૪ ભક્તકવિ નિવસિંહ મહેતા યવુ નિવસિટી, સિકાિી પોલીટેકવનક કેમ્પસ, ભક્તકવિ નિવસિંહ મહેતા યવુ નિવસિટી િોડ, ખડીયા, જૂનાગઢ-૩૬૨૨૬૩ તા.૧૬/૦૨/૨૦૨૪ પ્રવત, ભક્તકવિ નિવસિંહ મહેતા યવુ નિવસિટી સાંલગ્ન આટટ સ વિદ્યાશાખાનાાં પી.જી.(અર્ટશાસ્ત્ર)નાાં અભ્યાસક્રમો ચલાિતી તમામ કોલેજોના આચાયટશ્રીઓ તિફ.... નકલ સાદિ િિાનાાઃ- માન.કુ લપવતશ્રી/કુ લસણચિશ્રીનાાં અંગત સણચિશ્રી. પિીક્ષા વનયામકશ્રી, ભક્તકવિ નિવસિંહ મહેતા યવુ નિવસિટી, જુનાગઢ નકલ િિાના જાણ તર્ા યોગ્ય કાયટિાહી અર્થાઃ સીસ્ટમ મેનેજિશ્રી, આઇ.ટી.સેલ વિભાગ (િેબસાઇટ ઉપિ પ્રવસદ્ધ ર્િા અર્થ.) Page | 1 Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh BOARD OF ECONOMICS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS SYLLABUS FOR MASTER OF ARTS PROGRAMME (SEMESTER-I, II, III, IV) EFFECTIVE FROM JUNE, 2023 Page | 2  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Core Paper No.- 101 Paper Name - Micro Economics-1 Paper Code- MA0ECOCC101A Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 CORE 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives- This course analyses the economic behavior of individuals, firms and markets. It is mainly concerned with the Objectives of equipping the students in a rigorous and comprehensive manner with the various aspects of consumer behavior and demand analysis, production Theory and behavior of costs, the Theory of traditional markets and equilibrium of firm in modern non-profit maximizing framework. Course Contents: Unit – I Nature of economic Theory, assumptions and scope. Theory of demand: Utility, Indifference curve, Revealed preference, Characteristics of goods approach, and consumer’s choice under risk, Elasticity of demand-theoretical and empirical aspects. Unit – II Production Function-Isoquants, returns to factor and returns to scale, factor substitution, multiproduct firm, Cobb-Douglas production functions and its properties. Theories of cost, Short-run and long run Cost Curves. Derivation of cost functions from production functions. Derived demand for factors. Unit – III Price and output Determination – Market Structures: perfect competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition, classical Models of Duopoly. Oligopoly - collusive and non-collusive models. Unit – IV Alternative Theories of the firm- Models of Baumol, Marris, Williamson, Bain, Full Cost Pricing Models and Behavioral models of Cyert and March. Reference Books: 1. Henderson & Quandt : Microeconomic Theory, A Mathematical Approach. 2. Koutsoyiannis A.: Modern Microeconomics. 3. Heathfield & Wibe : An Introduction to Cost and Production Functions. 4. Layard & Walters: Microeconomics Theory 5. Nayl/ & Vernon : Microeconomics and Decisions Models of the Firm. 6. Ferguson, C.E.: Microeconomics Theory McGraw Hill, New York 7. Da Costa, G.C. : Value and Distribution, Himalaya, 1992. 8. Ahuja, H L : Advance Economic Theory, S Chand & Co, New Delhi Page | 1  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Core Paper No.- 102 Paper Name - Macro Economics-1 Paper Code- MA0ECOCC102A Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 CORE 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: - Macroeconomic / aggregative economic analyses have great importance in the days of new economic reforms. So macroeconomics is very important to understand macroeconomic policies to the students of this subject. Because it establishes the functional relationship between the large aggregates. It is essential to analyze the macroeconomic theoretical structure, which is considered for the proper comprehension of the different issues and policies. Macroeconomics now is not only a scientific method of analysis, but also a body of empirical economic knowledge. This paper equips the students at the postgraduate level to understand systemic facts and latest Theoretical developments for empirical analysis. Course Contents: Unit-1: Macroeconomics and National Income Accounting : Macroeconomics- Methodology and subject matter- Rationale and importance of aggregative analysis- Micro foundations of macroeconomics- Macroeconomic policy. Definitions and concepts of national income- importance of national income analysis Measurement of national income- Keynesian approach to national income and post Keynesian development- Circular flow- Flow of funds-. Different forms of national accounting- Social accounting- Growth and sect /al breakdown- Problems in preparation of social accounting - Use of national income and product accounting. Unit-2: Monetary Theories. : The Quantity Theory of Money: The Cambridge School- Keynesian General Theory- Post Keynesian Theories: Friedman & Don Patinkin- New Classical School: Rational expectation - J.R. Hicks on Classical and Keynes- Leijonhufwud on Keynesian economics and economics of Keynes- Recent developments- Neutrality of money- Classical, Keynesian and post Keynesian views- Conditions of neutrality- Theory of money and prices- Income Theory of money and Liquidity Theory of money- Savings and Investment (S & I) equality: meaning, Classical, Keynesian approach to S&I equality-Transmission mechanism- Integration of money and value Theories- Patinkin's real balance effect- Pigou's wealth effect. Unit-3: Theory of Investment: Meaning and determinants of investment- Marginal efficiency of capital (MEC) and investment: Long and Short run shifts in Page | 2 investment functions- Interest-elasticity of investment- impact of inflation- Influence of policy measures on investment- Multiplier and acceleration: empirical evidence- Capital-output ratio approach. Unit-4: Demand for Money and Supply of Money: The concept- The Transaction demand- The Asset demand for money: Keynesian and Classical approaches- Wealth approach- Post-Keynesian Theories of demand for money: Friedman's Restatement of Quantity Theory, Modigliani's approach- Recent development in the Theory. Supply of Money The concept and constituents- Bank money and bank multiplier- Money multiplier Exogenous and endogenous variations- Liquid assets and potential money supply- Interest rates- Financial intermediaries and money supply- Money supply and income expansion RBI approach- Effects of money supply- High powered money- Inside and outside money- Control of money supply- Money market and money market assets / instruments- Recent developments. Reference Books: 1. Ackley, G (1978). Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, MacMillan, New York 2. D/nbusch, R. and F. Stanley (1997). Macroeconomics, McGraw-Hill Inc, New York. 3. Frisch, H. (1983). Theories of Inflation, Cambridge University Press, 4. Ghosh, B.N., and Rama Ghosh (1993). Modern Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, Himalaya Publishing. 5. Gupta, S.B: (1995). Monetary Planning in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 6. Gupta, G.S. (2001). Macroeconomics: Theory and Applications, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. 7. Ladler, D.E.W. (l977).Demand for Money, Theory and Evidence, Dum-Don Valley, New York. 8. Leijonhufwud, A. (1968). On Keynesian Economics and Economics of Keynes, Oxford University Press, London. 9. Patinkin, D. (1965). Money, Interest and Prices, Harper & Row, New York. 10. Taylor, L. (1983). Structuralist Macroeconomics, Basic Books, New Longman 11. Branson, W.A. (1989) Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, (3rd Edition) Harper and Row, New Delhi. 12. Romer, D.L. (1996) Advanced Macroeconomic, McGraw Hill Company Ltd; New York. 13. Scarfe, B.L. (1977) Cycles, Growth and Inflation. McGraw Hill Ltd; New York. 14. Gupta R.D. (1990) Keynes and Post - Keynesian Economics. Page | 3  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Core Paper No.- 103 Paper Name- Public Economics-1 Paper Code- MA0ECOCC103A Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 CORE 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: There is specific role of the state in economic development. It has changed over time. The Public finance is very important subject t to analyze the role of the Government in the context of fiscal behaviour. It has been applied to the package of those policies and operations which involve the use of tax and expenditure measures while budgetary policy is an important part to understand the basic problems of use of resources, distribution of income etc. There is wide and vast area of the subject. It analyzes the public revenue and expenditure trends and programmes, budgetary procedures, stabilization instruments debt issue levels of government etc., which raise a spectrum of issues arising from the operation of these institutions. Further the existence of externalities concern from adjustment in the distribution of income and wealth etc. require political processes for their solution in a manner combines individual freedom and justice. This paper combines thorough understanding of fiscal institutions with a careful analysis of the issues, which underline budgetary policies in general, and Indian experience in particular. Course Contents: Unit-1: Introduction: Meaning and Definition of Public finance- Scope of Public Finance- Similarities and dissimilarities of Public and private finance- Market failure-imperfection - indivisibility- spill over benefit and spill over cost – Externalities. Role of government in Economic Activity. Unit-2: Inter- sector al Allocation and Public Choices: Private & public mechanism for allocating resources; types of goods and their characteristics -Private, Public and Merit goods –Principle of maximum social advantage. Public choice- Unanimity-Relative Unanimity - the medium voter theorem-Arrow’s impossibility theorem. Unit-3: Theories of public expenditure: Meaning of Public Expenditure- Classification of Public Expenditure-Causes of Increase in Public Expenditure- Importance of Public Expenditure –Canons of Public Expenditure-Effects of Public Expenditure-Wagner’s law of Public Expenditure-Wiseman- Peacock Hypothesis on Page | 4 Public Expenditure-Prof. Samuelson’s Pure Theory of Public Expenditure. Trends of Public Expenditure in India. Unit-4: Public Revenue and Theories of taxation: Meaning and Definition of Public Revenue- Sources of Public Revenue-classification of Public Revenue. Meaning and definition of Tax-Characteristics of Tax-Objectives of tax-canons of Taxation- Classification of Taxes- Direct and Indirect Tax, its meaning and merits and demerits of direct and indirect tax – Laffer Curve- Characteristics of Good tax system- Tax Incidence- effects of Taxes. Theories of Taxation – Erik Lindhall’s Theory of Voluntary Exchange-Howard Bowen’s Theory. Reference Books: 1. Buchanan J.M. (1970) The Public Finances, Richard D. Irwin, Home Wood. 2. Goode R (1986) Govt. finance in Developing Countries, Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi. 3. Houghton J.M. (1970) The Public Finance selected Readings, Penguin, and Harmondsworh. 4. Jha, R. (1998) Modern Public Economics, Routledge, London. 5. Menutt P. (1996) The Economics of Public Choice Edward Elgar, U.K. 6. Musgrava R.A.(1956) The Theory of Public Finance, McGraw Hill K/akhuse, Tokyo. 7. Musgrava R.A. and P.B. Musgrave (1976) Public Finance in Theory and Practice, Macgraw Hill, Kogukhusa, Tokyo. 8. Shoup,C.S. (1970) Pubic finance, Aldine Chicago. 9. Shome P. (Ed) (1995) Tax Policy Hand Book Tax Division, Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. 10. Auerbach, A.J. and M Feldstern (Eds) (1985), Handbook of Public Economics, Vol-I, N/th Holland, Amsterdem. 11. Bhatia, H.L., (2003), Public Finance, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Page | 5  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-I Paper No.- 104.1 Paper Name - Managerial Economics Paper Code- MA0ECOEL104A Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 ECT-I 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: This Course is essential for a student who aspires for management of a firm / company / any enterprises. This age is age of management. So managerial economics is very important to learn the art of management for achieving predetermined goals. The management means in each measure was as much a response to immediate economic problems and policy issues as much as it was a self-conscious attempt to refine earlier analysis by Correcting mistakes and filling in the gaps in management. Managerial analysis did not evolve in isolation. But were in integral and important part of the evolution of modern economic thought. Prevailing ideas of science, scientific thought t and measurement played a significant role in the shaping of economic science at each stage of its evolution. Course Contents: Unit 1: Definition, nature and scope of Managerial Economics - Managerial Economics and Micro-economics - Managerial Economics and Macro economics - Applications of Economics in Managerial decisions making. Types of Business organizations - Proprietary Firms, Partnership Firms, Joint Stock Companies, Public sector Undertakings, Cooperative Societies, Non-profit organizations. Unit 2: Demand and Production Analysis - Determinants of Market Demand - Law of Demand - Elasticity of Demand - Measurement and its use - Demand Forecasting - Techniques of Demand Forecasting. Meaning of Production Function - Law of variable proportions - Law of Supply and Elasticity of Supply Unit 3: Costs and Pricing and output determination - Costs and Cost Functions - Short Terms Costs and their use on decision making - Determinants of costs - Break Even Analysis - Cost Forecasting. Pricing decisions under different market forms like perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly - Pricing Methods - Pricing in Public sector Undertakings and Cooperative Societies Unit 4: Business organizations in New Millennium - organizational Goals - Profit Maximization, Sales Maximization, Satisfying Theory - Enhancing value of the firm and its goals. Cost Benefit Analysis - Steps in cost benefit analysis - Justification for the use of cost benefit analysis Page | 6 Reference Books: 1. Managerial Economics - D.Salvat/e 2. Managerial Economics - Mote, Paul and Gupta 3. Managerial Economics - Varshney and Maheshwari 4. A study of Managerial Economics - D.Gopalkrishna 5. Managerial Economics - D.C.Hauge 6. Managerial Economics - Reckie and Crooke 7. Managerial Economics - Gupta 8. Managerial Economics, 4th Ed. - Craig Peterson Page | 7  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-I Paper No.- 104.2 Paper Name - Industrial Economics-1 Paper Code- MA0ECOEL104B Course Name : Industrial Economics-1 Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 ECT-I 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives:- In the contemporary world with globalization and liberalization m/e and m/e attention is being given to industry. This course intends to provide knowledge to the students on the basic issues such as productivity, efficiency, capacity utilization and debates involved in the industrial development of India. The Objectives is to provide a thorough knowledge about the economics of industry in a cogent and analytical manner, particularly in the Indian context. Paper of Industrial Economics structure conduct and performance paper of Industrial Economics of India both cover all the Objectives and importance of the study of Industrial Development of India. Course Contents: Unit 1: Industrial Economics framework and its problem Concept of firm, types of firm, main Objectives of the firm. Firm behavior active and passive, profit maximization, scope of Industrial Economics. Unit 2: Market Structure: -Main components of the market sellers concentration, product differentiation, entry condition, exit from the market, economies of scale market structure and profitability, market structure and innovation. Unit 3: Market Conduct: -Market and product pricing, pricing Theories and strategies, Investment expenditure – its methods of evaluating investment expenditure merger acquisitions and collaboration its Theories and empirical evidences – its success and necessity Product diversification. Unit 4: Market Performance: -Growth of the firm, size of the firm, profitability of the firm, its constraints, productivity efficiency and capacity utilization, its concept and measurement m/e in context of Indian situation. Page | 8 Reference Books: 1.Ahuliwala I.J. (1985) Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 2.Barthwa R.R. (1985) Industrial Economics, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi. 3.Cherunilam F. (1994) Industrial Economics Indian Perspective (3rd Edition) Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. 4.Desai B. (1999) Industrial Economics of Indian (3rd Edition) Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. 5.Devine P.J. and R.M. Jones (1976) An Introduction to Industrial Economics, Ge/ge Alien and Unwin Ltd. London. 6.Government of India, Economic Survey (Annual) 7.Hay D. and D.H. M/ns (1979) Industrial Economics: Theory and Evidence, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 8.Kuchhal S.C. (1980) Industrial Economy of Indian (5th edition) Chaitnya Published House, Allah bad. 9.Reserve Bank of India, Rep/t on Currency and Finance (Annual) 10.Singh and A.N. Sadhu (1988) Industrial Economics, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay. 11.Naik Jyoti D. 'Udyog Ni Sthal Pasandgi', Visuki Printing Page | 9  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-I Paper No.- 104.3 Paper Name - Economics of Infrastructure -1 Paper Code- MA0ECOEL104C Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 ECT-I 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: It is necessary to know costing and price of infrastructure services for students of economics. The Present course is theoretical showing economic aspects of development and investment in infrastructure. It is showing public and private sector contribution in infrastructure growth. This paper exposes students to issues involved in Infrastructure in developing countries like India. Course Contents: Unit-1: Theories of Economics of Infrastructure: Infrastructure in economic development - public good, social good and physical infrastructure - special characteristics of public utilities. The peak load, off load problem. Dual principal controversy - Economics of scale in joint supply - Managing cost pricing and other methods of pricing utilities, cross-subsidization - free prices equity and efficiency. Unit-2: Transportation Economic: The structure of transport costs and location of economic activities - Demand for Transport cost function in transport sector - Principle of pricing - Special problems of individual Modes of transport. Unit-3: Communication Economics: Rate Making in Telephone utilities, principle of decreasing cost in economics- Characteristics of postal services- criteria for fixed postal rates- Measurement of standard of services in Telephone and Postal utilities. Uint-4: Energy Economics: Energy & Economic development - Factors determining demand for energy - Effect of energy Shortage costing and pricing of energy - energy conservative renewable and nonconventional sources of energy optimal energy policy in India - Public private partnership in energy investment and energy development. Infrastructure is a pre-requisite of growth. Page | 10 Text and Reference Books: 1. Centre for Monit/ing Indian Economy (1996) Indian Energy sector , CMIE, Mumbai. 2. Fariss and Saurson (1975) Public utilities, Hughton Miffin, B/ston. 3. G.O.I (1999) Rep/ts on Committee on Power (Rajyadhyaksha Committee), New Delhi. 4. Govt. of India (1968) Interim Rep/t on P & T Enquiry Committee, Govt. of India, New Delhi. 5. Jha, R. (1975) Murty M.N. and Paul, S. (1990) On fixing prices of postal services in India National Institute of Public Finance & Policy, New Delhi. 6. Khenfacy (1975) Transportation Economics Analysis, Lexington, T/outs. 7. N/thon, H.J. (1971), Modern Transp/t Economics, C.E. Merrill London. 8. Parikh, J. (1997) Energy Models for 2000 & Beyond, Tata McGraw - Hill, New Delhi. 9. Ph. Nelson, J. (1964) Marginal Cost and Pricing in Practicing Prentice Hall Enlewood Cliff. 10. WorldDevelopment Rep/ts, Washington, D.C. Page | 11  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-II Paper No.- 105.1 Paper Name - Theories of Economic Growth Paper Code- MA0ECOEL105A Course Name : Theories of Economic Growth Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 ECT-II 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: Post war period has witnessed emergence of ‘growth economic’. Economists have tried to capture process of economic growth in form of economic models. Neo- classical economists popularized this process. Students must understand process of economic growth well. This course familiarizes them with different types of growth models. Course Contents: Unit-1 Nature of Economic Growth : Meaning and definition of economic growth, Distinction between Growth and Development; Importance of economic growth; Role of Institutions in Growth and Development; Role of education, research and knowledge; Factors affecting economic growth - Capital and Lab/; Impediment to Economic Growth - Capital Deficiency, Market Imperfections, Lack of (Skilled Lab/, Capable Entrepreneurs, Adequate Means of Transport & Communication, Political Factors, Natural Factors and External Factors. Unit-2 Classical Growth Theories: Classical Theories of Growth; Explanation and evaluation of growth Theories of Adam Smith, Ricardo and Malthus; Role of Technology in Economic Growth. Unit-3: Growth Models : Meaning, nature and scope of growth models; Growth models and its characteristics; Growth Models of Harrod and Domar, instability of equilibrium; Neoclassical Growth Models –Solow’s model, Mrs. Robinson’s and Kaldor’s Growth Models, Requirement of Steady Growth; Limitation of these Models ; Applicability of growth models to underdeveloped countries. Unit-4 Other Growth Models : Technical progress – Hicks and Harrod; and learning by doing; Production Function approach to determinants of growth; Endogenous growth –role of research, education and knowledge. Schumpeter's Theory of Growth. Explanation of cross country development and growth differentials Page | 12 Reference Books: 1. Clark C., "The Condition of Economic Progress" 2. Chakravarty S. 1998, Writings on Development, OUP(I), 3. Das Gupta A.K. "Planning and Economic Growth" 4. Datta A. "Paths of Economic Growth" 5. Dewett, Verma and Wadhwa, "Economics of Growth and Development" 6. Dobb Maurice "An Essay on Economic Growth and Planning" 7. Domar E., "Essay in Theory of Economic Growth. 8. Jhingan M L Economics of Development and Planning, Vikas New Delhi 9. Krishnamurty, (ed) 2009 Towards Development Economics, OUP(I) 10. Malthus T.R. "Principles of Political Economy" 11. Todaro M P and Stephen C Smith, 2011, Economic Development, Pearson 12. Meier Gerald, 1977, Leading Issues in Economic Development , OUP(I) Page | 13  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-II Paper No.- 105.2 Paper Name - History of Economic Thought Paper Code- MA0ECOCC105B Course Name : History of Economic Thought Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 ECT-II 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: This course is essential for a student who aspires for advanced training in economics. Cotemporary economic science has evolved over many centuries. The evolution of economic ideas in each instance was as much a response to immediate economic problems and policy issues as much as it was a self-conscious attempt to refine earlier analysis. Economic ideas did not evolve in isolation, but were an integral and important part of the evolution of modern social thought. Prevailing ideas of science, scientific rig/ and measurement played a significant role in the shaping of economic science at each stage of its evolution. This course, tracing the history of economic thought, would enable the student to understand how contemporary economics came to what it is. Course Contents: UNIT-1: Nature and Importance of Economic Thought: Economic thought of Plato and Aristotle - Doctrines of just price - Mercantilism : main characteristics : Thomas Mun - Phsiocracy : natural order, Primary of agriculture, social classes, Tablean Economique, taxation, Turgot - Economic ideas of Petty, Loske and Hume Unit-2: Classical Period: Adam Smith - division of labour, Theory of value, capital accumulation, distribution ideas on economic development and international trade. Thomas R. Malthus - Theory of population, Theory of gluts; Karl Marxs - dynamics of change, Theory of value, surplus value, profit, and crisis of capitalism; Economic ideas of J.B. Say, J.S. Mill; Unit-3 : Marginalists:: The precurs/s of marginalism - Cournot Thumen, Gossen - The marginalist revlolution Jevons, Walras and Menger - Bohm - Bawark, Wicksell and Fished : the rate of interest - Wickesteed and Weiser : Distribution - Marshall as a great synthesizer : role of time in price determination, economic methods, ideas on consumer's surplus, elasticities, prime and supplementary costs, representative firm, external and internal economies, quasi-rent, organization as a Page | 14 factor of production, nature of profits. Pigou: Welfare economics, Schumpeter role of entrepreneur and innovations Unit-4: Post War Developments: Development Economists and evolution of growth and development Theories- Myrdal, Kuznets, Paul Streeteen, Harrod, Domar- Development Indicators, HDI, Development debates, Sustainable development, Institutional Economists-Douglas North; Development and Welfare: A K Sen Reference Books: 1. Bipinchandra, (1969), Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism In India, Perples Publishing House, New Delhi. 2. Blaug, M. (1997), Economic Theory in Retrospect : A History of Economic Thought from Adam Smith to J.M. Keynes. (5th Edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 3. Blockhouse, R (1985), A History of Modern Economic analysis Basil Blackwell, Oxford. 4. Dasgupta, A.K. (1985), Epochs of Economic Theory, Oxford University Press New Delhi. 5. Dasgupta, A.K. (1993), A History of Indian Economic Thought Routledge 6. Gandhi, M.K. (1947), India of My Dreams, Navjivan Publishing House, Ahmedabad. 7. Ganguli, B.N. (1977), Indian Economic Thought a 19th Century Perspective, Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi. 8. Gide, C. and G. Rist (1956) A Hist/y of Economic Doctrines (2nd Edition), Ge/ge Harrop& Co. London. 9. Grey, A. and A.E. Thomson (1980), The Development of Economic. (2nd Edition), Longman Group, London. 10. Kautilya (1992), The Arthashstra, Edited, Rearranged, Translated and introduced by L.N. Rangaranjan, Penguin Books, New Delhi. 11. Rolll, E. (1973) A hist/y of Economic Thought Faber, London 12. Schmpeter, J.A. (1954), Hist/y of Economic Analysis, Oxford University Press, New York. 13. Schumpeter, J.A. (1951), Ten Great Economists, Oxford University Press Now York. 14. Seshadri, G.B. (1997), Economic Doctrines, B.R. publishing COREp/tion, Delhi 15. Shionya, Y, (1997), Schumpeter and the Idea of Social sciences Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Page | 15  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-1 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-II Paper No.- 105.3 Paper Name - Monetary Economics : Theory and Policy Paper Code- MA0ECOCC105C Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 01 ECT-II 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: Money and banking constitute important components towards understanding of economics. A clear understanding of the operations of money and banking and their interaction with the rest of the economy is essential to realize how monetary forces operate through a multitude of channels – market, non-market, institutions and among others, the state. The operation of financial markets and their regulations are to be studied to appreciate their key-role in an economy, especially after the far reaching banking and financial sector reforms in India and elsewhere. The present course is designed to acquaint the students fully with the changing role of financial institutions in the process of growth and development. Accordingly, the paper on ‘Economics of Money and Banking’ is an optimal integration of monetary Theory, banking and non-banking financial institutions, which combine with itself a systematic discussion of the Theory, institutions and policy with special reference to India. Course Contents: Unit -I: The Definition of Money : Function and Types of Money, Post-War Controversy on the Definition of Money and Money Supply – The Theoretical Debate and Empirical Attempts. Demand for Money : The Classical Quantity Theory of Money, The Keynesian Approach, Friedman’s Theory. Supply of Money : Money Creation by the Banking System. High Powered Money and Money Multiplier. Measures of Money Supply in India. Unit -II: Term Structure of Interest Rates : The Expectations Theory, Liquidity Premium Theory, Market Segmented Theory, Preferred Habitat Theory. Monetary Policy : Targets, Goals and the Trade Offs Among Alternate Goals, Lags in Operation, Transmission Mechanism – Classical Model, Keynesian Model and Monetarist Model, Rules vs. Discretion. Unit -III: Central Banking: origin and Evolution, Main Functions, Policy Tools, RBI – Monetary Policy and Autonomy. Commercial Banking: Functions, Major Developments in Commercial Banking in India since Nationalization and during post Page | 16 economic reforms. Banking sector Reforms. Contents of RBI Monetary Policy and reforms therein. Unit -IV: Development Financial Institutions : Role, Growth and Structure of Development Financial Institutionsin India. Types and Control of Non - Banking Financial Companies(NBFCs) by RBI. International Monetary System : IMF and International Liquidity. European Monetary System – Features of the Maastricht Treaty and Post Maastricht Treaty Developments. Text and Reference Books: 1. Bofinger Peter (2001) : Monetary Policy : Goals, Institutions, Strategy and Instruments, Oxford University Press. 2. Dennis Geoggrey, E.J. (1981) : Monetary Economics, Longman. 3. Dinlio, A. Eugene (Latest Edition) 4. Fabozzi, F. J. and Franco Modigliani (Fourth Edition) (2009) 5. Howells, Peter and Bain Keith (2002) : Theory and Problems of Money and Banking, International Edition (Schaum’s Outline Series). 6. Capital Markets Institutions and Instruments, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 7. The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Ltd. 8. Khanna, Perminder (2005) : Advanced Study in Money and Banking Theory and Policy Relevance in the Indian Economy, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. 9. Kulkarni, G. (1999) : Modern Monetary Theory, Macmillan, New Delhi. Page | 17  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – CORE Paper No.- 201 Paper Name- Micro Economics-2: Paper Code- MA0ECOCC201A Course Name: Micro Economics-2 Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 CORE 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: This course deals with the micro and macro Theoriesof distribution and welfare economics. It equips students for policy evaluation tools and concepts. It gives micro and macro perspectives of income distribution and helps in developing insight into Working of economy with reference to welfare of individual and its implications. Course Contents: Unit – I: Distribution: Micro Theories, Marginal Productivity Theory, product exhaustion and Eller’stheorem. Modern Theory of Distribution. Concept of exploitation of lab/ – Macro Distribution Theories: Ricardian, Marxian, Kaldorian and Kalecki’s Theories. Unit – II: Welfare Economics – Individual and social welfare, role of value judgments, Pigou’s concept of welfare. Problem of welfare maximization, optimality conditions- efficiency conditions, social justice and social optimum; market failure- imperfections, decreasing cost, externalities, uncertainty and non existence of market, Methods of solving problems of externalities – taxes and subsidies, Property rights, Coase theorem, direct government regulation. Public good externalities – Free rider problem. Unit – III: Theories of Welfare Economics: Old and New Welfare Economics; Pareto’s Optimum Social Welfare Conditions, Bergson’s Social Welfare Function, Samuleson’s Utility Possibility Curve, Hicks and Kald/’s Compensation Principle, Sckitovski’ double Criterion. Unit – IV: Arrow’s Impossibility theorem, equity-efficiency trade off. Theory of second best. Rawlsian concept of Social justice and its application in social welfare; Amartya Kumar Sen’s contribution in welfare Economics. Page | 18 Reference Books: 1. American Economic Readings in Income Distribution, Ge/ge Allen & Bronfenbrenner, M. : Income Distribution Theory, Macmillan, 1971. 2. Henderson & Quandt : Microeconomics Theory A Mathematical Approach. McGraw Hill, New York, 1971 3. Koutsoyiannis, A. : Modern Microeconomics. Mc Graw Hill, 4. Stonier A W and D C Hague, A Text book of Economic Theory, Pearson Education, Delhi,2009 5. Tayl/ & Vernon: Microeconomics and Decision Models of the Firm. 6. Bruce. N. And R. Broadway : Welfare Economics. 7. Pindyck R S, D L Rubinfield and P L Mehta, Microeconomics, Pearson Printice Hall, 6th ed. 2007, Delhi 8. Dvid M Kreps. : A Course in Micro Economic Theory, PHI, Delhi, 1999. 9. Ahuja H L : Advance Economic Theory, S. Chand & Co, Delhi,2012 10. Ahuja H L: Principles of micro Economics, S. Chand & Co, Delhi, 2011 Page | 19  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – CORE Paper No.- 202 Paper Name - Macro Economics-2: Paper Code- MA0ECOCC202A Course Name : Macro Economics-2 Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 CORE 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: Macroeconomics / aggregative economic analysis establishes the functional relationship between the large aggregates. The aggregate analysis has assumed such a great significance in recent times that a pri/ understanding of macroeconomic theoretical structure is considered essential for the proper comprehension of the different issues and policies. Macroeconomics now is not only a scientific method of analysis; but also a body of empirical economic knowledge. Course Contents: Unit-1: Consumption Function and investment function: Keynes psychological law of consumption - implications of the function: income - consumption relationship - absolute income, relative income, and life cycle and permanent income hypotheses. -- Marginal efficiency of investment and level of investment; Marginal efficiency of capital investment - long run, The accelerat/ and investment behaviour, impact of inflation. Unit-2: Neo-classical and Keynesian Synthesis: Neo-classical and Keynesian views on interest and income; The IS-LM model, Derivation of IS and LM curves, and stability; Extension of IS-LM model with government sector ; Relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies, Extension of IS-LM models with lab/ market and flexible prices. Unit-3: Theory of Inflation: Classical, Keynesian and Monetarist approaches to inflation, Structuralism Theory of inflation; Philips curve analysis - Short run and long run Philips curve; Samuelson and Solow - the natural rate of unemployment hypothesis; Tobin's modified Philips curve; Adaptive expectations and rational expectations; Policies to control inflation. Page | 20 Unit-4: New Macroeconomics: The new classical critique of micro foundations, the new classical approach; Policy implications of new classical approach - empirical evidence. Approach of Mundell and other economists on open economy Asset Markets, Theory of Rational expectations - Monetary approach of balance of payment. Reference Books: 1. Ackley, G (1978) Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, Macmillan, New York. 2. Hallm R. and J.B. Tayl/ (1986) Macroeconomics W.W. N/ton, New York. 3. Jha, R. (1991) contemporary Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi. 4. Romer, D.L. (1996) Advanced Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill Company Ltd. New York. 5. Shapiro, E. (1996) Macroeconomic Analysis, Golgotha Publications, New Delhi. 6. Surrey, MJC (Ed) (1976) Macroeconomic Themes, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 7. Reddy, Y.V. (2000): A Review of Monetary and Financial sector Reforms in India- Central Bank's Perspectives, UBSPD, New Delhi. 8. Brahmannd P.R. (1980) Growth less inflation by the means of stockless money. 9. Gupta, S.B. (1982) Monetary Planning in India, Oxford Publication, New Delhi. 10. Powelson, J. P. (1960), National Income and Flow of Funds Analysis, McGraw Hill, New York. 11. Rao. V. K. R. V. (1983). India's National Income: 1950 to 1980, Sage Publications. New Delhi. 12. Duesenberry, J. S. (1949), Income Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behaviour, Harvard University Press, Harvard. 13. Friedman, M. (1957). The Theory of Consumption Function, Princeton University Press, Princeton. 14. Keynes, J. M. (1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Macmillan, London. 15. Chakravarty, S. C. (1985), Rep/t of the Committee to Review the Working of the Monetary System, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay 16. Gurley, J. and E. S. Shaw (1960), Money in a Theory of Finance. Brookings Institution, Washington. 17. Mckinen, G. E. (1976), Money, The Price Level and Interst Rates, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 18. Friedman, M. (1956), Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 19. Rakshit, M. (1998). Studies in the Macroeconomics of Developing Countries, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 20. Hicks, J. R. (1974), The Crisis in Keynesian Economics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 21. Laidler, D. E, W. (1977), Demand for Money : Theory and Evidence, Dum-Don Valley, New York. 22. Hagger, A. J. (1977), Inflation : Theory and Policy, Macmillan, London. Page | 21  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – CORE Paper No.- 203 Paper Name - Public Economics-2 Paper Code- MA0ECOCC203A Course Name : Public Economics-2 Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 CORE 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives- Role and functions of the Government in an economy have been changing with passage of time. It is necessary for post-graduate students to know principals of public finance and package of policy executed by the State Government and Central Government. Budgetary policy is an important part to understand the basic problems of use of resources, distribution of income, etc. This paper aims to well-equipped P.G. students of Economics about tax system, public expenditure, public debt. and budgetary procedure as stabilization instrument. This paper also explain through understanding of fiscal institutions. Course Contents: Unit-1 Public Debt: Meaning and Definition Public debt- Objectives of Public debt- Difference between Public debt and private debt -Classification of Public debt –Sources of Public debt – Redemption of Public debt –Effects of Public debt - Principles of Public debt - Burden of Public debt – Trends of Public debt in India. Unit-2 Fiscal Policy: Meaning and definition of Fiscal policy- Objectives of Fiscal policy – Instruments of Fiscal policy – role of fiscal policy in controlling inflation - fiscal policy for full employment – limitations of fiscal policy – fiscal reforms in India. Unit-3 Budget: Concept of budget- Kinds of Budgets-Components of the Government Budget- Zero-base budgeting - different concepts of budget deficits - Budgets of the Union Government in India. Unit-4 Fiscal Federalism Meaning of Federal Finance- Principles of Federal Finance - Problems of Centre-State Financial relations in India-Imbalance between fiscal Needs and Capacity- Indian federal finance- Finance commission and recommendation of latest Finance commission. Page | 22 Reference Books: 1. Atkison A.B.and J.E. Siglitz : (1980) Reading on Public Economics, Tara McGraw Hill New York. 2. Auerbach A. Jand M. Feldstem (Ed)(1995) Hand book of Public Economics, Vol. 1 N/th Holland, Amsterdam. 4. Goode R. (1986) Govt. finance in Developing Countries, Tata MacGraw Hill, New Delhi. 5. Houghton J.M.(1970) The Public Finance selected Readings,. Pengun, Hairm onds w/th. 6. Jha, R. (1998) Modern Public Economics Rout ledge, London. 7. Menutt P. (1996) The Theory of Public Choice Edward Elegar, U.K. 8. Musgrave R.A. (1996) The Theory of Public Finance, McGraw Hill, Jogukhusa, Tokyo. 9. Musgrave R.A. and P.B. Musgruve (1976) Public Finance in Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill, Jogukhusa, Tokyo. 11.Some P : (Ed) (1995) Tax Policy Hand Book Division, Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. Page | 23  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-I Paper No.- 204.1 Paper Name - Managerial Economics: Business Environment Paper Code- MA0ECOEL204A Course Name : Managerial Economics: Business Environment Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 ECT-I 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives:- The Objectives of the course is to provide the student with a background of various environment factors that have major repercussions on business and sharpen their mind to watch and update the changes that occur constantly in this sphere. Managerial analysis did not evolve in isolation. But were in integral and important part of the evolution of modern economic thought and policy. Prevailing ideas of science, scientific thought and measurement played a significant role in the shaping of economic science at each stage of its evolution. This course, would enable the student to understand how contemporary society, polity and business interact with each other. Teaching pedagogy b for this course be based on illustrating ‘cases’ and not mere description. Course Contents: Unit: I: Government industry interface – market intervention, need for regulation and promotion monitory and fiscal policies. Analysis of business environment social, political, economic and technological – PEST, SWOT analysis - Demography, Market, Polity and Society Unit: II: Fiscal Policy: Public revenues, public expenditure, public debt, development activities financed by public expenditure, An evaluation of recent fiscal policy of Government of India – Highlights of Budget. Role of Finance Commission. Monetary Policy: Demand for and supply of money, Objectives of monetary and credit policy, and their recent trends. Money and Capital market: Features and components of Indian Financial system, Objectives, features and structure of Money market and capital market, recent developments- Stock Exchanges, Invest/ Protection and Role of SEBI Page | 24 Unit: III: Industrial Policies: A brief review of industrial policies since independence, Industrial policy of 1991 and recent developments, Policy on foreign direct investment in Indian industry. Unit: IV: India’s Trade Policy – Magnitude and direction of Indian International trade, bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, EXIM Policy, Role of EXIM Bank. Balance of Payments: Structure, Major components, Causes for disequilibrium in Balance of Payments, Correction measures, Impact of New Economic Policy on Balance of Payments, Recent trends. Reference Books: 1. Dutt and Sundaram , Indian Economy, S. Chand, New Delhi, 2007. 2. Francis Cherunilam: Business Environment: Text and Cases, 17/e, Himalaya, 2007. 3. Justin Paul: Business Environment, 1e 2006, Tata MH 4. K.Aswathappa, Essentials of Business Environment, 9/e Himalaya, 2007. 5. Misra and Puri: Indian Economy,, Himalaya, 2007. 6. Palle Krishna Rao: WTO--Text & Cases, 1/e, PSG Excel Series, 2005. 7. Recent Economic Survey Report of Government of India. 8. Suresh Bedi: Business Environment, Excel, 2007. Page | 25  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-I Paper No.- 204.2 Paper Name- Industrial Economics-2 Paper Code- MA0ECOEL204B Course Name: Industrial Economics-2 Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 ECT-I 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: This paper aims at application of economic Theories for industrial development. It is necessary for M.A students to know various Theories and practices for industrial location and development. Moreover, students interested to start his own industry must know locational factors, regional factors, industrial finance and problems of industrial management. Therefore this paper is very useful as applied knowledge to M.A economics students. Course Contents: Module – 1: Industrial Location: Factors affecting industrial location, Theories of Industrial location Weber, Sergeant Florence, recent Theories of industrial location. Movement of industries in developed and developing countries. Module – 2: Indian Industrial Growth: Classification of Indian Industries, growth of industries and role of industrial policy in India. Role of public and private sector s in growth of industries. Recent trends in industrial growth and role of private sector MNCs role, transfer of technology, Liberalization and Privatization in Indian context. Module – 3: Regional Industrial growth in India: Regional Industrial growth in India. Causes of industrial imbalances, Industrial economic concentration, its remedies, industrial proliferation and environmental preservation, pollution control and government policies. Module – 4: Industrial Finance: Sources of Industrial finance, owned and external and other sources, role, nature volume and types of institutional finance. Different institutions of finance (IDBI, IFCI, SFCS, SIDC etc) Balance Sheet and financial statement, profit and loss account. Assessment of financial soundness. Page | 26 Reference Books: 1. Ahuliwalia J.J. (1985) Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 2. Bharthwa R.R. (1985) Industrial Economics, Wilaey Eastern Ltd. New Delhi. 3. Cherunilam F. (1994) Industrial Economics India Perspective (3rd Edition) Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai. 4. Desai B. (1999) Industrial Economics India (3rd Edition) Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai. 5. Devine P.J. and R.M. JOnes (1976) An Introduction to Industrial Economics, Ge/ge Allen and Unwin Ltd. London. 6. Government of Indian, Economics Survey (Annual) 7. Hay D. and D.J. M/ris (1979) Industrial Economics : Theory and Evidence, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 8. Kuchhal S.C. (1980) Industrial Economics of India (5th edition) Chaitnya Publishing House, Allahabad. 9. Reserve Bank of India, Rep/t on Currency and Finance (Annual) 10. Singh and A.N. Sadhu (1988) Industrial Economics. Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai. 11. K.V. Sivayya, V.B.M. Das Industrial Economics. S. Chand and Company House, Bombay. 12. Naik Jyoti D. 'Udyog Ni Sthal Pasandgi', Vasuki Printing. Page | 27  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-I Paper No.- 204.3 Paper Name - Economics of Infrastructure -2 Paper Code- MA0ECOEL204C Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 ECT-I 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: This course highlights basic problem of infrastructural development. It is necessary for students to know economic problems and recorded policies for infrastructure growth in India. Economic policy requires under reform to boost infrastructure growth in developing country like India. Development issues and policies for infrastructure appear equally important for postgraduate students of Economics. This paper has greater operational utility in consultancy services by an economist and hence detail case-study approach is required while teaching at postgraduate level. Course Contents: Unit-1: Electricity and Water Resources: Developmental problems of Thermal, hydel and Nuclear power plants, Financing of water utilities. Publicly for water development problems of urban and rural water supply pricing of water, gas and electricity. Unit-2: Transport growth in India: Problem of road development in India, pattern of Road development and its financing in India, Development of Railway, ticket and freight charges determination. Five year plans - and growth of railways. Airport development and privatization, p/t development and shipping in India Unit-3: Social Infrastructure: Education & Economic growth - Approaches o Educational Planning - Return and Manpower Approaches. Human Resources and Human Capital development Health Dimension and Development, Economic Dimensions of health care - Financing of healthcare - Institutional issue in heath care delivery. Unit-4: Economic Policy for Infrastructure growth: Rakesh Mohan Committee report on Infrastructure development in India. BOOT - Public Private Partnership growth in India - Five year plan & infrastructure investment - NRI & FDI in infrastructure growth in India. Page | 28 Text and Reference Books: 1. Garfick P.j. and W. Lovjoy (1964) Public Utility Economics, Prentice-Hall, Eglewood Cliff. 2. Parikh K.S. (1999) India Development rep/t 1999-2000, Oxford, New Delhi. 3. Derman, P. and Khan, M.E. (1993) Paying for Indian Health Care, Sage Publications, New Delhi. 4. Bary R.U. (1998) Private Health Care in India. 5. McMohan , W.W. (1999) Education &Development : Measuring Social benefits,Oxford University Press, Oxford. 6. Tilak, J.G.B. (1994) Education for Development in Asia, Sage Publication, New Delhi. 7. Padnanabhan C.B. (1984) Financial Management in Education, Select Book, New Delhi. 8. Govt. of India (2000,2003,2004) Economic Survey Ministry of Finance, New Delhi. 9. India 2020, Planning Commission, A white Paper on Infrastructure, Planning Commission, New Delhi, January, 2005. Page | 29  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-II Paper No.- 205.1 Paper Name - Theories of Economic Development Paper Code- MA0ECOEL205A Course Name: Theories of Economic Development Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 ECT-II 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: Economic development is a process under which economics go for several changes. It is necessary for P.G. students in economics to know Theories, practices and policies. Most of the development Theories reveal process to manage development process in developing countries. A student of developing countries like India can be benefited the knowledge of such process. Course Contents: Unit-1: Concept of Development and Underdevelopment; Role of Government and Markets; Perpetuation of underdevelopment; Vicious circle of poverty; Structural view of underdevelopment; Measuring Development : Per Capita Income, Human Development Index, Physical Quality of Life Index; Population problem. Unit-2: Approaches to Development - Balanced Vs. Unbalanced Development, Critical Minimum Efforts, Big Push, Unlimited Supply of labour, Social Dualism; A. K. Sen's approach to economic development. Unit-3: Indicators and measurement of poverty; Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development; Choice of techniques and appropriate technology; Investment Criteria, Elementary Cost benefit Analysis; Role of fiscal and monetary policies in economic development. Unit-4: Theories of development- Classical, Marx and Schumpeter; Imperfect Market Paradigm; Ranis-Fei model of development; Dependency Theory of Development; Factors in development of economy - Natural resources, Population, Capital, Human resource development and Infrastructure. Reference Books: 1. Kindleberger C.P. "Economics Development" 2. Meier and Baldwin : "Economic Development" 3. Rao V.K.R.V. "Essays in Economics of Development and Planning" 4. Segynoeter, J.A. "The Theory of Economics Development Page | 30 5. Sen A.K "Choice of Techniques: 6. Jhingan M.L. “The Economics of development and Planning”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1975. 7. Higgins B. “ Economic Development- Problems, Principles and policies” 8. Meier and Baldwin “Economic Development” 9. Sen A.K.(ed.) “ Growth Economics”, Penguin, 1970. 10. Todaro M.P. “ Economic Development in the Third W/ld”, Longman, London, 1989. 11. Chakravarty S. 1998, Writings on Development, OUP(I), 12. Todaro M P and Stephen C Smith, 2011, Economic Development, Pearson 13. Meier Gerald, 1977, Leading Issues in Economic Development , OUP(I) 14. Jhingan M L Economics of Development and Planning, Vikas New Delhi 15. Krishnamurty, (ed) 2009 Towards Development Economics, OUP(I) Page | 31  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-II Paper No.- 205.2 Paper Name - Indian Economic Thoughts and Thinkers Paper Code- MA0ECOEL205B Course Name : Indian Economic Thoughts and Thinkers Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 ECT-II 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: The Objective of this course is to expose students to Indian Economic thoughts. India is one of the ancient civilizations of the w/ld. India has rich heritage of culture and ethos reflecting economic thought of relevant time. Since ancient time India has produced economic thinkers, whose ideas have shaped destiny of this nation. Students shall enrich their understanding of the contemporary economic policies and practices better by familiarizing themselves with Works and economic ideas of these great thinkers from India. Course Contents: Unit I: Ancient Economic Thought. Economic Ideas During Vedic Period; Manu’s Varnashram Pratha, Kautilya’s Arthashashtra; Unit II: Earlier Economic Thinkers: Dadabhai Na/oji, Mahdev Govind Rande, Romesh Chandra Dutt, J.K. Mehta Unit III: Gandhian Economic Thought : Economic Ideas of Gandhi in Hindswarj; Swadeshi, Khadi and Cottage Industry, Antyodya Unit IV: Post Independence : Nehruvian Economic Thought and Indian Economic Planning, Post 1991 Economic Philosophy, A K Sen’s Economic Ideas Reference Books: 1. Dutt, Romesh C. The Economic Hist/y of India under early British Rule, first published 1902, 2001 edition by Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-24493-0 2. Kumar, Dharma and Meghnad Desai, eds. The Cambridge Economic Hist/y of India: Volume 2, c.1751-c.1970 (1983). 3. Lal, Deepak. The Hindu Equilibrium: India C.1500 B.C.-2000 A.D. (2nd ed. 2005). Page | 32 4. Raychaudhuri, Tapan and Irfan Habib, eds. The Cambridge Economic Hist/y of India: Volume 1, c. 1200-c. 1750 (1982). 5. Roy, Tirthankar. The Economic Hist/y of India 1857–1947 (2002, 2006, 2011). 6. Roy, Tirthankar. India in the WorldEconomy from Antiquity to the Present (2012). 7. Roy, Tirthankar (2002), "Economic Hist/y and Modern India: Redefining the Link", The Journal of Economic Perspectives 16 (3): 109–130, doi:10.1257/089533002760278749, JST/ 3216953 8. Tomlinson, B. R. et al. The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970 (1996) (The New Cambridge History of India) 9. Ratan Lal Basu and Raj Kumar Sen ; 2008 ; ANCIENT INDIAN ECONOMIC THOUGHT Relevance for Today, ISBN81-316-0125-0Rawat publications. Page | 33  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-2 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – ECT-II Paper No.- 205.3 Paper Name - Economics of Financial Markets and Institutions Paper Code- MA0ECOEL205C Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 02 ECT-II 04 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: The positive and significant role of financial institutions in the process of growth and development has been very well recognized in the literature and indeed has become m/e important during the last two decades as the financial systems of different countries have become integrated in the process of globalization. India is no exception and has taken far reaching measures since 1991 in this direction. It is, therefore, essential that the students of economics should be well conversant with the Theory and practice of different financial institutions and markets to understand and analyze the interconnection between the monetary forces and real forces, their developmental role and limitations in shaping and influencing the monetary and related policies both at the national and international levels. Course Contents: UNIT-I: Financial Markets and Financial Institutions: The role and structure of Financial Markets in the Economy. Functions of Financial Institutions. Introduction to corporate Finance: Various Methods of corporate Finance, Goals of Financial Management, The Cost of Capital, and the Capital Structure. UNIT-II: The Supply of Securities: Regulations Governing Supply of Securities, General Characteristics of Securities – Government Bonds – Index Linked Bonds – corporate Securities, Mutual Funds and Money Market Funds. The Demand for Securities: The Time Dimension – Present Value and Duration, Yields on Zero- Coupon Bonds. Measurement of risk, Expected Utility Approach, Mean Variance Portfolio Theory, Portfolio Diversification. UNIT-III: Efficiency of Securities Markets: The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), The Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT). Regulation of Financial Markets: Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) – Role and Functions. Recent Reforms in the Indian Financial Market. UNIT-IV: Foreign Exchange Market: Nature, organization, and Participants. Page | 34 Text and Reference Books: 1. Bhole, L. M. (2002) : Financial Institutions and Markets, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Company Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Eatwell, John and Tayl/ Lance (2003) : International Capital Markets, System in Transition, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 3. Fabozzi, Frank J. Modigliani Franco (Third Edition) : Capital Markets, Institution and Instruments, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 4. Khan, M. Y. (2000) : Indian Financial System, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 5. Government of India : Economic Survey (Recent Issues). 6. Reserve Bank of India : Various Reports. Page | 35  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Core Paper No. - 301 Paper Name - International Trade-1 Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 CORE 03 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: 1. International trade acts as an engine of growth. 2. It is necessary for P.G. students in economics to know International trade Theories, practices and policies; it will help them to examine impact of trade policies followed by welfare implications. Course Contents: Unit-1: Concept of Inter-regional and International Trade; Theory of Comparative Advantage, Hecksher-Ohlin Theory of trade, Factor Endowment and Factor Price, Leontief Paradox. Empirical verification and relevance of Theories; International Trade under Imperfect Competition. Unit-2: Terms of Trade and Economic Growth; Secular deteri/ation of terms of trade hypothesis : a critical review; International trade as an engine of growth; Gains from Trade and LDCs ; Foreign Trade Multiplier: Trade and Labour Skills Theory by Donald Kessing; Research and Development factor and Structure of Commodity Trade (By Gruber, Mehta and Vernon) Unit-3: Measurement of Gains from Trade; Concepts of Terms of trade, their uses and limitation; Factors affecting Terms of Trade. Impact of Tariffs; Political economy of Non-tariff Barriers; Trade and Development; Trade as engine of growth: Two Gap analysis- views of Prebisch, Singer and Myrdal. Page | 36 Unit-4: Meaning and concepts of Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment - Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Balance of Payment - The process of adjustment under systems of Gold Standard - Steps to Correct imbalance of payments, traditional and monetary approaches for adjustment in the Balance of Payment- Theory of international reserves- Theory of Foreign Exchange Rate Reference Books: 1. Salvat/e D. "Theory and Problems of International Economics", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983. 2. Soderasten B.O. "International Economics", The Macmillan Press Ltd. London, 1991. 3. Dunn R.M. and J.H. Mutti. "International Economics", Routledge, London, 2000. 4. Joshi Rakesh, "Anter Rashtriya Arthashstra" in Gujarati Uni. Rajkot., Gujarat, India, 2004. 5. Ellswoth P.T. & J.C. Leith, "The interanational Economy", Mac-Millan, New York, 1975. 6. Walter I & K Areskoug. "International Economics" Mac-Millan, New York, 1975. 7. Ohlin B. "Inter-regional and International Trade", Harvard Uni. Press, Cambrige, 1933. 8. Pearce I.F. "International Trade", Macmillan, London, 1970. 9. Bhagwati. Jagdish "International Trade : Selected Readings", MIT Press, Cabridge, 1981 Page | 37  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Core Paper No.- 302 Paper Name - Contemporary Issues in Indian Economy-1 Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 CORE 03 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: 1. The Objectives of this paper at the post-graduate level would be to sharpen the analytical ability of the student by highlighting, and integrated approach to the functioning aspects of the Indian economy. 2. Keeping in view the scope for alternative approaches, such an analysis is essential because the Indian economy is a unique amalgam of alternative competing and often conflicting Theories and proper understanding of its Working is imperative if the student is to comprehend the ramification that underline most of the observed phenomena in the Indian economic set-up. 3. The emphasis of the paper is an overall social, political and economic environment influencing policy decisions. 4. To develop all the themes, the course is divided into specific modules. 5. Paper of planning and development and paper of policies for sector al development fulfill above Objectives. Course Contents Unit – 1: Economic Development: Concept and approaches to economic development and its measurements (determinants) – sustainable development. Role of state and market in economic development. Other institutions. Indicators of development PGLI, HDI, gender development indicator sand other indicators. Page | 38 Unit – 2: Planning in India: Importance and Objectives of planning, planning strategy, its failure and achievements, current five year plan, developing grass-root organization for development. NGOs, Panchayati Raj and pressure groups. Unit – 3: Resource Base Infrastructure:-Social and Economic infrastructure – education and health, environment, regional imbalance, issues and policies in financing infrastructure development. Growth & infrastructure in India. Unit – 4: Public Finance: Fiscal federalism, Role of State and centre its financial relations, Finances of central government, finances of state governments, parallel economy, problems relating to fiscal policy, fiscal sector reforms in India. Text and Reference Books: 1. Ahulwaia, J.J. and I.M.D. Little (Eds.) (1999) India's Economic Reforms and Development (Essays in hon/ of Manmohan Singh) Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 2. Bardhan R.K. (9th Edition) The Political Economy of Development in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 3. Buwa, R.S. and P.S. Raikhy (Ed.) (1997) Structural Changes in Indian Economy, Guru Nanak Dev University press, Amritsar. 4. Brahamanda P.R. and V.R. Panchmukhi (Ed) (2001) Development experience in the Indian Economy Inter-state Perspectives Bozuwell Delhi. 5. Chakravarty S. (1987) Development Planning. The Indian Experience, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 6. Datwala M.I. (1996) Dilemmas of Growth. The Indian Experience, Sage Publications. New Delhi. 7. Dutt R. Ed. (2001) Second Generation Economic Reforms in Indian, Deep and Deep. 8. Government of India, Economic survey, (annual) Ministry of Finance, New Delhi. 9. Jain A.K. (1986) Economic planning in India. Ashish Publishing, House, New Delhi. 10. Jalan B. (1992) India's Economy - Problems and Prospects, Viking, New Delhi. 11. Jalan B. (1996) India's Economic Policy - Preparing for Twenty First Century, Visking, New Delhi. 12. Joshi, V. and IMD Little (1999) India, Macro Economic and Political Economy 1964-1991, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 13. Parikh K.S. (1999) Indian Development Rep/t 1999-2000. Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Page | 39 14. Reserve Bank of India, Rep/t on Currency and Finance (Annual). 15. Ruddar Dutt K.P.M. Sundharam, Indian Economy, S. Chand and Company, New Delhi. 16. Naik Jyoti D. 'Udyog Ni Sthal Pasandgi' Vasuki Printing, Rajkot. Page | 40  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Core Paper No.- 303 Paper Name - Environmental Economics Theories – 1 Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 CORE 03 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: This course in meant to acquaint student with the basic Theories of environment economics so that they can develop and use appropriate theoretical frame to analyze and understand important environmental issues. Course Contents Unit-1: Environmental Economics: Meaning, Nature and Scope: Meaning of environment economic; various definitions; relationship between mainstream economics and environment economics: nature of environmental economics: its positive and normative aspects: interdisciplinary nature of environmental economics: relationship of environmental economics with other disciplines. Unit-2: Market Failure Decision making: Market efficiency and Parato- optimality; Market failure possibilities with reference to environmental resources; the reasons for market failure: externalities and problem of cost-internalization; public goods and common-property type nature of environmental resources. Unclear property right, informational asymmetries and possibities of missing markets. Unit-3: Environment and Development: Relationship between environment and development: Theory of sustainable development and problems of operational sing this Theory; indict/s and rules of sustainability methods of environmental valuation; integration of national and environmental accounting. Page | 41 Unit-4: Optimal Use of Environmental Resources: Application of Capital Theory for the optimal use of environmental resources, Theories for the use of non- renewable resource; Theories for the use of renewable resources. Text and Reference Books: 1. Ayres, R.U. and Leslie Ayres, (1998), Accounting of Resources Vol-1, Edward Elgar, 2. Bhattacharya Ravindra, N. (ed.) (2001), Environment economics, Oxford University Press. 3. Callan, J.S. and Janet M.T. (1996), Environment Economics and Management : Theory, policy and Applications, IRWIN. 4. Field, Barry, C. (1997), Environmental Economics: An Introduction, McGraw-Hill International Edition. 5. Dasgupta, P., (1982), The Control of Resources, Oxford University Press. 6. Kerr, J.M. and Other (1997), Natural Resource Economics, Oxford and IBM publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Delhi. 7. Hanley, N. and Other, (1997), Environment Economics in Theory and Practice, Macmillan. 8. Kulastand, C.D. (1999), Environment Economics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 9. Parikh, Jyoti and Kirit Parikh, (1997), Accounting and Vitiation of Environment, John Hopkins University, New York. 10. Pears, D.W. and R. Turn/, (1991), Economics of Natural Resource Use and Environment, John Hopkins University, Baitimore. 11. Shankar, U, (Ed.) (2001), Environment Economics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 12. Sengupta, R. (2001), Ecology and Economics: An Approach to Sastainable Development, Oxford University Press. 13. Singh, K. (1994), Managing Common Pool Resources: Principles and Practices, Oxford University Press. Page | 42  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Elective - 1 Paper No.- 304.1 Paper Name - Agriculture Economics-1 Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 Elective 1 03 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: 1. The Objective of the course is to familiarize student with policy issue that are relevant to Indian Agricultural Economics sand enable them to analyze the issues. 2. Using basic micro economic concepts. Course Contents: Unit-1: Agricultural and Economics Development: Nature and scope of agricultural and rural economics- Traditional agriculture and its modernization - Role of agriculture in economic development -Interdependence between agricultural and Industry - Role of agricultural in Economic development. Unit-2: Land Use policy and Social Infrastructure: : Land Use Policy - Land distribution - Problems of small and marginal farmers, Rural Social infrastructure - Land, water, energy, education and health. Unit-3: Agricultural Production and Productivity: Concept of Production function - Law diminishing return and its importance in decision making – cobweb theorem - Prices and output relationship – Long term trends in production and productivity - Causes of low productivity. Unit-4: Agricultural Growth in India: Agricultural policy in India - New strategy of Agricultural Development - Green revolution - Application of new technologies - HYV Chemical fertilizers, irritation PPM and far mechanization - Labour absorption - Sustainable agriculture and future challenges. Page | 43 Text and Reference Books: 1. Dantwala M.L. et al. (1991) Indian Agricultural Development since independence, Oxford & IBM, New Delhi. 2. Gulati A. & T. Kelly (1999) Trade liberalization and Indian Agriculture, Oxford, University Press New Delhi. 3. Joshi P.C. (1975) Land Reforms in India, Treads & Prospects, Allied Publishers, New Delhi. 4. Kahlo A.S. and Tyagi D.S. (1983), Agriculture Price Policy in India, Allied publishers, New Delhi. 5. Rao C.H. Hanymantha (1975), Agricultural growth, Rural Poverty and Environment Degradation in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 6. Reserve Bank of India, Rep/t on Currency and Finance (Annual), Mumbai. 7. Rudra A. (1982), Indian agricultural economics, Mythas and Reality, Allied Publishers New Delhi. 8. Saini, G.R. (1979), Farm, Size, Resource Use Efficiency and Income distribution, Allied Publishers, New Delhi. Page | 44  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Elective - 1 Paper No.- 304.2 Paper Name - Quantitative method in Economics Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 Elective 1 03 30 70 --- 100 Course Objectives: 1. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the student to the concept of various statistical methods and its uses in economics. 2. After studying this paper the student will be able to use some statistical techniques in research. Course Contents: Unit – 1 Basic Concepts - Levels of economic research - The conduct of research. The role of researcher in data collection process. The role of curiosity in problem formation. Unit - 2 Sampling - Sampling design and different techniques of sampling, selection and training of field workers, fields‟ problems in data collection. Unit – 3 Data Basis (DATA MANAGEMENT) - Data gathering techniques, Difference sources of data : Primary, secondary, government, private, NGOs and international Agencies, editing, coding, tabulation and translation of data, presentation of data, Data analysis and reporting. Unit – 4 Specific Fundamental Techniques - Functions and graphs : (i) Demand function (ii) Supply function (iii) Linear Function (iv) Quadratic function (v) Hyperbola Page | 45 Unit – 5 Simple Linear Model - A competitive market, The solution of numerical example, The general solution of the linear model : shifts in demand and supply. Text and Reference Books: 1. Mike Roser, Basic Mathematics for Economists, Atlantic & Publisher‟s & Distributors, New Delhi 2. Chiang A. C. Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill, New York. 3. Yamane Toro, Mathematics for Economists, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 4. Allen RGD, Mathematical Analysis for Economists. Macmillan Press and ELBS, London. 5. Gupta S. C., Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 6. Handry A. T. Operations Research, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. Page | 46  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Elective - 1 Paper No.- 304.3 Paper Name - Economics of Gender and Development Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 Elective 03 30 70 --- 100 1 Course Objectives: Gender biases in societal practices and development polices have resulted in persistent gender inequalities. It is increasingly being realized that mitigating such inequalities and enhancing women‘s capabilities and entitlements are crucial to the overall development of the country. This course, Economics of Gender and Development will provide students understanding of nature of the economic role of women and their contribution to the national economy and economic development on the basis of scientific and non-sexist analysis. Specificity of issues pertaining to India be highlighted while teaching. Course Contents: Unit-I: Importance and Concepts of Women Studies: Importance and Concepts of Women Studies and Structures, Patriarchal and Matrilineal Systems and Relevance to Present Day Society in India; Economic Basis and Functioning of Patriarchy in Developed and LDCs, Particularly India; Gender Bias in the Theories of Value, Distribution, and Population. Unit-II: Demography of Female Population: Age Structure, Mortality Rates, and Sex Ratio Theories and Measurement Declining Sex Ratios and Fertility Rates in LDCs and particularly in India of Fertility and its Control; Women and Page | 47 their Access to Nutrition, Health, Education, and Social and Community Resources, and their Impact on Female Mortality and Fertility. Unit-III: Factors Affecting Decision Making by Women: Property Rights, Access to and Control over Economic Resources, Assets; Power of Decision Making at Household, Class, Community Level; Economic Status of Women and its Effect on Work-participation Rate, Income Level, Health, and Education in Developing Countries and India; Role of Kinship in Allocating Domestic and Social Resources. Factors Affecting Female Entry in labour Market; Supply and Demand for Female Labour in Developed and Developing Countries, particularly India; Studies of Female Work Participation in Agriculture, Non- agricultural Rural Activities, Informal sector , Cottage and Small-scale Industries, organized Industry, and Services sector ; Wage Differentials in Female Activities; Determinants of Wage Differentials; Gender, Education, Skill, Productivity, Efficiency, Opportunity; Structures of Wages Across Regions and Economic sector s. Unit-IV: Concept and Analysis of Women‘s Work: Valuation of Productive and Unproductive Work; Visible and Invisible Work; Paid and Unpaid Work; Economically Productive and Socially Productive Economic Status, Private Property, and Participation of women in Pre-industrial and Industrial Work Societies Female Contribution to National Income. Text and Reference Books: 1. Agnihotri, S.B.: Sex ratio in Indian Population: A Fresh Exploration. 2. Boserup E.: Women‘s Role in Economic Development. 3. Desai, N. and M.K. Raj. (Eds.): Women and Society in India. Rep/t of the Committee on the Status of Women 4. Government of India: Towards Equality in India, Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, New Delhi. 5. ILO: Women‘s Participation in the Economic Activity of Asian Countries. 6. Kabeer, N. and R. Subrahmanyam (Ed.): Institutions, Relations and Outcomes: A Framework and Case Studies for Gender-aware Planning. 7. Kalpagam, U.: Labour and Gender: Survival in Urban India. Page | 48 8. Krishnaraj, M., R.M. Sudarshan and A. Shariff: Gender, Population and Development. 9. Mazumdar, V.: Symbols of Power: Studies on the Political Status of Women in India. 10 MHRD, GOI: Shram Shakti: Rep/t of the National Commission on Self- employed Women and Women Workers in the Informal sector , Ministry of Human Resource Development. 11 Narasimhan, S.: Empowering Women: An Alternative Strategy from Rural India. 12 Papola, T.S. and A.N. Sharma (Eds.): Gender and Employment in India. 13 Purushothaman, S.: The Empowerment of Women in India: Grassroots Women‘s NetWorks and the State. 14 Sen, A.K.: ‗Gender and Cooperative Conflicts‘ in Tinker (Ed.): Persistent Inequalities: Women and WorldDevelopment. 15 Seth, M.: Women and Development: The Indian Experience. 16 Srinivasan, K.: Basic Demographic Techniques and Applications. 17 Srinivasan K. and A. Shroff: India: Towards Population and Development Goals. 18 Venkateswaran, S.: Environment, Development and the Gender Gap. 19 Wazir, R.: The Gender Gap in Basic Education: NGOs as Change Agents. Page | 49  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Elective - 2 Paper No.- 305.1 Paper Name - Labour Economics Theories -1 Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 Elective 03 30 70 --- 100 2 Course Objectives: 1. As a post-graduate student of student Economics, it is necessary to study Labour Economics. 2. It is also important to know the labour Theories, approaches etc. for analyzing laboring problems. 3. The study of labour economic should be systemic, scientific and analytical. Course Contents: Unit-1: Introductory Outlook of Labour Economics: Meaning and definition of Labour Economics - scopeand nature of Labour Economics- peculiarities of Labour, Labour problems in India,- Labour policy of government of India. Unit-2 : Labour Market Analysis: Meaning and definition of Labour Market - characteristics of Labour market, difference between commodity market and labour market- nature of Labour market in developing countries like India- demand of labour and supply of labour – factors affected to demand of labour and supply of labour Unit-3 : Wage Analysis: Meaning and definition of wages, components of wages - wage Theories of marginal productivity, demand-supply Theory, collective bargaining Theory, concepts of wages -minimum age -fair wage - living wage - wage differentiation - wage determination in various sectors. Unit-4 : The Migration and Mobility Analysis: Meaning and definition of migration - types of migration, causes and of migration consequences of Migration – meaning of mobility – types of mobility –difference between migration and mobility. Page | 50 Text and Reference Books: 1. Guasch, J. Luis, (1999) Labour market reform and Job Creation. The World Bank, Washington. DC. 2. Ghose, Ajit K. (2003), Job and Income in Globalzing WorldII O. 3. Joshi, M.V. (1999), Labour Economics, Darpan Prakashsan, Rajkot. 4. (1999) Labour Economics and Labour Problems, Atlatic Publications. New Delhi. 5. Marucs Powel (2003), Economic Restructuringand Human Resource Development, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot. 6. Remon Gomez, (2005), Labour Supply and Incentives of Work in Europe, EE Publishing, Aldershot. 7. Seth, K.V. and Suresh Chand, (2004), The Economics of Labour Market, Ane Books, New Delhi. 8. Shuji Uchikawa (2003), Labour market and Institutions in India, Manobar Publications, New Delhi. Page | 51  Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University - Junagadh. Syllabus Faculty of M.A. Sem-3 Subject: ECONOMICS Course – Elective - 2 Paper No.- 305.2 Paper Name - Research Tools in Economics Paper Code- Name of Semester Course Credit Internal External Practical / Total program Marks Marks viva marks Marks M.A. 03 Elective 03 30 70 --- 100 2 Course Objectives: 1. The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand analyze economics problems. 2. The emphasis of this paper is on understanding economic concepts with the help of statistical tools rather than learning the statistics itself. Course Contents: Unit-1: Introduction: Meaning and definition of statistics research tools, Characteristics & objectives of statistics, importance of statistics tools, l