M1_Lesson-1-Discussion_HISTORY.pdf

Readings in Philippine History Introduction to history Ms. Andrea Monica R. Barbasa Course Facilitator Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you are expected to: Appreciate the meaning and relevance of history; Distinguish primary sources from seco...

Readings in Philippine History Introduction to history Ms. Andrea Monica R. Barbasa Course Facilitator Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you are expected to: Appreciate the meaning and relevance of history; Distinguish primary sources from secondary sources; Criticize historical sources; and Identify the different kinds and repositories of primary sources. || Barbasa, Andrea Monica R.  Meaning and relevance of history HISTORY -‘history’ was derived from the Greek word ‘historia,’ which means or knowledge acquired by investigation.’ -“a chronological record of significant events (such as those affecting a nation or institution), often including an explanation of their causes. -a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account. ” Cicero | Herodotus | Historiography || Module 1 ||  Importance of HISTORY 1.Looking at the past teaches us to see the world through different eyes – appreciating the diversity of human perceptions, beliefs and cultures. 2. It unites a nation. 3. It gives a sense of collective identity. 4. It makes a sense of the present. 5. It inspires people to keep their good practices to move forward for brighter future. 6. History helps us understand people and societies. 7. History helps us understand change and how the society we live in came to be. 8. History provides identity. 9. Studying History Is Essential for Good Citizenship. || Module 1 ||  HISTORICAL SOURCES Primary Sources Primary sources are materials produced by people or groups directly involved in the event or topic being studied. They are those sources which come directly from the past, giving first-hand information and produce at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied. They are original records of a certain event by people who have actually experienced or witnessed it. These may include original works such as letters, legislations, newspaper articles, diaries, interviews, government documents, reports, photographs, literature and other creative outputs. || Module 1 ||  HISTORICAL SOURCES Secondary Sources Gottschalk simply defines secondary sources as the testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness – that is of one who was not present at the event of which he tells. -These are books, articles and scholarly journals, that had interpreted primary sources or had used them to discuss certain subjects of history. They are those sources produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material. In other words, these are historical sources, which studied a certain historical subject and evidence comes from a later date. They are written after the event. They are records based on primary sources. They explain a certain event of the past through evaluation and interpretation of the records created during a historical period. These may include researches, textbooks, journals, commentaries, biographies, and criticism or reviews of literary and creative works. || Module 1 ||  HISTORICAL SOURCES Primary and secondary sources are both important in studying history. 1. Direct contact with the original records and artifacts invites students to explore the content with active and deeper analysis, and to respond thoughtfully; 2. Critical thinking is developed as students probe the context, purpose, meaning, bias, and perspectives in their analysis of the past; 3.In the interaction with the various sources from the past, a learn-led inquiry is being fostered; 4. There is a realization that history is a reflection of various perspectives of those who interpret the past events; and 5. It brings back to story to history allowing students to share the author’s perspectives. || Module 1 ||  HISTORICAL CRITICISMS - to identify primary sources from secondary sources approaches work in terms of social, cultural, and historical context in which it was produced. The historical critic attempts to recreate the meaning and values of the work for its own time; the citic’s objective is to elucidate the meaning of the work for the present so much as it is to lead the reader into a responsive awareness of the meaning of the work had for its own age. It also attempts to verify the historicity of and understand the meaning of an event that is reported to have taken in the past. || Module 1 ||  TYPES HISTORICAL CRITICISMS.External Criticism The practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics, consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was produced, and the materials used for evidence. Examples: examination of the quality of paper, type of ink, language and words used in the material, etc || Module 1 ||  TYPES HISTORICAL CRITICISMS Internal Criticism The examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstance of its production. It looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source, its context, the agenda behind its creation, the knowledge that informed it and its intended purpose, among others. || Module 1 ||  IMPORTANCE HISTORICAL CRITICISMS 1. The use of unverified, falsified, and untruthful historical sources can lead to equally false conclusions. 2. Without thorough criticisms of historical evidences, historical deceptions and lies will be highly probable. 3. This is to make sure that the story of the past is accurate as possible. || Module 1 ||  Kinds of primary sources 1.PUBLISHED OR UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS are those that are intended for public distribution or use. Newspapers, magazines, books, reports, government documents, laws, court decisions, literary works, posters, maps, and advertisements are some of the examples. The fact that these documents are published does not mean that they are reliable, accurate, or truthful. The readers must comprehend not just the substance of the document but also the background of the author, as it may be written based on the author’s perspective. UNPLUBLISHED DOCUMENTS unlike published ones, may be difficult to locate as they are kept in private and hence, may not be easily accessed by the public. These documents are also confidential and are restricted from public use like personal letters, which are in the possession of the recipients. Documents such as diaries, journals, letters, wills, and other personal papers that are not published may be used as primary sources. || Module 1 ||  Kinds of primary sources 2. Written Or Unwritten Documents Written Written documents may be found in libraries or archives while unwritten documents may be stored in museums and galleries. Unwritten These may include oral traditions, oral histories, artworks (Drawings, paintings, sculptures, photographs) and artifacts. Traditions and histories or stories transferred through generations may tell us something about the past. Accepted as primary sources of this kind are those that come from people who have actually witnessed or experienced the past events || Module 1 ||  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 1.The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas It is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works." As such, it "aims to inculcate awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill pride in the Filipino people and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history." || Module 1 ||  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 2.The National Archives of the Philippines/ Pambansang Sinupan ng Pilipinas ( NAP) The NAP is holding about 60,000,000 archival documents with Spanish Collection comprising an estimated 13,000,000 manuscripts from the 16th to 19th Century with 400 titles on various aspects of Philippine history under the; a) Spanish rule such as royal decrees of Spanish monarchs, reports of Spanish governors-general, documents on Filipino uprisings, records of different provinces and pueblos, royal titles on lands and landed estates, pastoral letters of the clergy, papers on churches and convents, maps and architectural plans of buildings and houses, civil records like birth, marriages and death; b) American and Japanese occupation records including Philippine National Guard records, civil service rosters, war trials; and c) recent records composed of notarial documents, registers, civil service records, and d.1,000 cubic meter of inactive records of national/local governments, including those of abolished, transferred or merged offices.  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 3.National Museum of the Philippines The National Museum of the Philippines is the repository and guardian of the Philippines' natural and cultural heritage. As one of the lead government cultural agencies, it is tasked to achieve the goals of instilling cultural consciousness and a sense of pride and nationalism among Filipino citizens through its activities covering the sciences, education and culture. As an educational, scientific, and cltural institution, the National Museum (NM) operates the National Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, National Planetarium and other branch museums around the country. Its collection covers fine arts, archeology, ethnography, and natural history.  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 4. National Library of the Philippines The National Library of the Philippines (NLP) is the repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country and other intellectual, literary and information sources. It was established by a royal decree on 12 August 1887 and named as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas. Its mission is to acquire, organize, conserve, and preserve Filipiniana materials and provide equitable access to library resources through a system of public libraries throughout the country. The NLP has one of the largest collections of materials in various  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 5.Library of Congress The Library of Congress was created under the direct supervision of the Secretary- General of the House of Representatives. Its primary purpose is to provide adequate and timely information, limited consultancy and reference services to members, their staff, and secretariat researchers.  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 6. University of Sto. Tomas (UST) The University of Santo Tomas is the oldest university in the country, and the university library can be considered as the oldest in the country founded on April 28, 1611. The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, the Catholic University of the Philippines, or simply the University of Santo Tomas, is a private, Catholic research university in Manila, Philippines  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 7.UP Main Library The library was officially established by the Board of Regents in 1922 after 14 years of its founding in 1908. The campus’ main library was later named Gonzalez Hall, in homage of the former UP President Bienvenido M. Gonzalez.  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 8.Ateneo De Manila University formerly known as Ateneo Municipal de Manila The Ateneo de Manila University began in 185 when Spanish Jesuits established the Escuela Municipal de Manila, a public primary school established in Intramuros for the city of Manila.However, the educational tradition of the Ateneo embraces the much older history of the Jesuit a teaching order in the Philippines.  REPOSITORIES of primary sources 9.De Lasalle University Library The history of DSLU(De LaSalle University) library can be traced back to July 1956 when the collegiate collection of the combined highscool and college libraries was tranferred on the college building known as St. Joseph hall,located at the first two floors in this hall. It started operation with barely 10,000 book collection and a reading area of 100 sitting capacity. A library building four-storey high was built in 1985 thru a generous gift from the office of American schools and hospitals abroad (USAID) under the sponsorship of the christian brothers conference See you next meeting!