LESSON+3.1+PROPERTIES+OF+SOLID,+LIQUID,+AND+GAS.pdf

The Particle Model: PROPERTIES OF SOLID, LIQUID, AND GAS  Lesson Objectives 1 2 Describe the Particle Describe the Model of Matter as “all properties of solids, matter is made up of tiny liquids, and gases particles with each pure b...

The Particle Model: PROPERTIES OF SOLID, LIQUID, AND GAS  Lesson Objectives 1 2 Describe the Particle Describe the Model of Matter as “all properties of solids, matter is made up of tiny liquids, and gases particles with each pure base on the substance having its particulate nature of own kind of particles. matter. What is MATTER?  What is MATTER? Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Key Concepts of the Particle Theory  Key Concepts of the Particle Theory 1. Matter is Composed of Tiny Particles: These particles can be individual atoms or groups of atoms called molecules. 2. Identical Particles in Pure Substances: All particles in a pure substance are identical; different pure substances have different particles.  Key Concepts of the Particle Theory 3. Spaces Between Particles: Particles are not in direct contact; there are spaces between them. 4. Particle Motion: Particles are always moving; the motion increases with added energy (heat). 5. Forces of Attraction: Particles attract one another; the strength of this attraction varies by state of matter (strong in solids, weaker in liquids, weakest in gases). Observing Matter at Different Scales Macroscopic vs. Microscopic Perspectives Observing Matter at Different Scales Macroscopic vs. Microscopic Perspectives Macroscopic Level: Properties observed with the senses (shape and volume). Microscopic Level: Properties observed at the particle level, too small to be seen directly. Comparison: Solids: Constant shape and volume. Liquids: Constant volume, indefinite shape. Gases: Neither constant shape nor volume PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS  PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS Density: Generally high, with particles closely packed. Example: Ice floats on water because its solid structure is less dense than liquid water. Shape: Definite and stable due to rigid particle arrangement. Types: Crystalline (e.g., salts, diamonds) and Amorphous (e.g., glass, rubber).  PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS Thermal Expansion: Solids expand when heated; particles vibrate more vigorously. Example: Cooking expands food molecules. Conductivity: Ability to conduct heat or electricity. Examples: Metals like copper are good conductors.  PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS Brittleness and Malleability: Ability to withstand force without breaking or deforming. Examples: Glass is brittle, while metals are malleable. PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS  PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS Fluidity: Ability to flow, though less fluid than gases. Example: Water mixing with food coloring. Viscosity: Resistance to flow; varies with temperature and molecular structure. Example: Ketchup flows slowly due to high viscosity.  PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS Surface Tension: Cohesive forces at the surface of a liquid. Examples: Water strider walking on water, floating thin blade. Capillary Action: Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces. Examples: Water rising in a paper towel, diaper absorption.  PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS Density: Varies among liquids, affecting buoyancy and layering. Example: Layers of oil, water, and corn syrup in a glass. PROPERTIES OF GAS  PROPERTIES OF GAS Volume: Gases have no fixed volume; they expand to fill their container. Example: Air filling a balloon. Pressure: Caused by gas particles colliding with container walls. Measurement: Measured in pascals (Pa) using a barometer.  PROPERTIES OF GAS Temperature: Directly affects gas volume; higher temperature means more expansion. Example: Heating a gas increases its volume. Hope you learn something new today!