Male and Female Reproductive Apparatus and Perineum PDF

Lesson 11 Male and female reproductive apparatus and perineum Human Anatomy and Embryology Prof. Mar Ubero Dentistry Index CONTENT -Male reproductive apparatus. -Female reproductive apparatus. -Perineum. 2 1. Male reproductive apparatus • It has components in the abdomen, pelvis, and perine...

Lesson 11 Male and female reproductive apparatus and perineum Human Anatomy and Embryology Prof. Mar Ubero Dentistry Index CONTENT -Male reproductive apparatus. -Female reproductive apparatus. -Perineum. 2 1. Male reproductive apparatus • It has components in the abdomen, pelvis, and perineum. • The major components are a testis, epididymis, ductus deferens (vas deferens), and ejaculatory duct on each side, and the urethra and penis in the midline. • In addition, three types of accessory glands are associated with the system: • a single prostate, • a pair of seminal vesicles, and • a pair of bulbourethral glands. 3 1. Male reproductive apparatus - Testes The testes originally develop high on the posterior abdominal wall and then descend, normally before birth, through the inguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall and into the scrotum. - During descent, the testes carry their vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, as well as the ductus deferens with them. - Each testis is enclosed within the end of an elongated musculofascial pouch, which is continuous with the anterior abdominal wall and projects into the scrotum. ti ti ti Mar ni FH, Tallitsch RB, Nath JL. Human Anatomy. 8th Edi on. Pearson Educa on SA, 2018. 4 1. Male reproductive apparatus Testes The sides and anterior aspect of the testis are covered by a closed sac of peritoneum, the tunica vaginalis. Each testis is composed of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule, the tunica albuginea. The seminiferous tubules connect to a collecting chamber called the rete testis. Efferent ductules originate from the upper end of the rete testis, penetrate the capsule, and connect with the epididymis. Spermatozoa are produced by the seminiferous tubules. 5 1. Male reproductive apparatus Epydidymis The epididymis is a single, long coiled duct that courses along the posterolateral side of the testis where occurs the functional maturation of the spermatozoa. ti ti ti Mar ni FH, Tallitsch RB, Nath JL. Human Anatomy. 8th Edi on. Pearson Educa on SA, 2018. 6 1. Male reproductive apparatus Spermatic cord The spermatic cord is the tube-shaped connection between the pouch in the scrotum and the abdominal wall. Content: - Ductus deƒerens. - Testicular artery. - Pampiniform plexus of veins. 7 1. Male reproductive apparatus Ductus deferens or vas deferens A long muscular duct that transports spermatozoa from the tail of the epididymis in the scrotum to the ejaculatory duct in the pelvic cavity. It ascends into the abdominopelvic cavity through the inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord. Inside the abdominal cavity, the ductus deferens passes posteriorly, curving inferiorly along the lateral surface of the urinary bladder toward the prostate gland. The junction of each ampulla with the base of a seminal gland marks the start of an ejaculatory duct. 8 1. Male reproductive apparatus Ejaculatory duct This short passageway (2 cm) penetrates the muscular wall of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra near the ejaculatory duct from the other side. 9 1. Male reproductive apparatus Seminal vesicles An accessory secretory gland of the male reproductive system that contributes about 60% of the volume of semen. The secretion contains: high concentrations of fructose which is easily metabolized by the spermatozoa to produce ATP. Prostaglandins that act on sperm mobility. 10 1. Male reproductive apparatus Prostate An unpaired accessory muscular structure of the male reproductive system that surrounds the urethra in the pelvic cavity. It lies anterior to the rectum, posterior to the pubic symphysis and immediately inferior to the urinary bladder. It produces prostatic fluid, a weakly acidic secretion that contributes 20–30 percent of the volume of semen. 11 1. Male reproductive apparatus Bulbourethral glands or Cowper´s glands Round, paired mucous glands located at the base of the penis. They secrete a thick, sticky, alkaline mucus. This secretion helps neutralize any urinary acids that may remain in the urethra Therefore they contribute to lubrication of the urethra and the pre-ejaculatory emission from the penis. 12 1. Male reproductive apparatus Urethra 13 1. Male reproductive apparatus Penis 14 2. Female reproductive apparatus The reproductive tract in women is contained mainly in the pelvic cavity and perineum, although during pregnancy, the uterus expands into the abdomen cavity. Major components of the system consist of: an ovary on each side, and an uterus, vagina, and clitoris in the midline. In addition, a pair of accessory glands (the greater vestibular glands or Bartholin´s glands) are associated with the tract. ti ti ti Mar ni FH, Tallitsch RB, Nath JL. Human Anatomy. 8th Edi on. Pearson Educa on SA, 2018. 15 2. Female reproductive apparatus ti ti ti Mar ni FH, Tallitsch RB, Nath JL. Human Anatomy. 8th Edi on. Pearson Educa on SA, 2018. 16 3. Perineum The perineum is a diamond-shaped region positioned inferiorly to the pelvic floor between the thighs. Limited by : The pubic symphysis anteriorly. The ischial tuberosities laterally. The coccyx posteriorly. The pudendal nerve (S2 to S4) and the internal pudendal artery are the major nerve and artery of the region. 17 3. Perineum Divided into: -an anterior urogenital triangle (associated with the openings of the urinary systems and the reproductive systems and functions to anchor the external genitalia). -a posterior anal triangle (contains the anus and the external anal sphincter). 18 3. Perineum 1. Deep transverse muscle: between ischiopubian rami. 2. Superficial transverse muscle: between ischial tuberosities and the perineal body. 3. Isquiocavernous muscle: from the ischial tuberosities and the ischiopubian rami to the crus of the penis. 4. Bulboespongiosus muscle: from the perineal body to the corpus cavernosus . 19 3. Perineum 1. Deep transverse muscle: between ischiopubian rami. 2. Superficial transverse muscle: between ischial tuberosities and the perineal body. 3. Isquiocavernous muscle: from the ischial tuberosities and the ischiopubian rami to the clitoris. 4. Bulboespongiosus muscle: from the perineal body to the clitoris. 20 3. Perineum 21 3. Perineum Pelvic diaphragm: levator ani + external anal sphincter 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM. Gray's Basic Anatomy, 4th Edi on. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2019. Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM, Tibbi s R, Richardson P. Gray ́s Atlas of Anatomy, 3rd Edi on. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2020. Mar ni FH, Tallitsch RB, Nath JL. Human Anatomy. 8th Edi on. Pearson Educa on SA, 2018. Sobo a. Atlas of Human Anatomy, 15th Ed. Elsevier Gmbh, Munich. 2012. ti ti ti ti tt tt ti 23 Maria del Mar Ubero Martinez [email protected] UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia © UCAM