Lesson 2 - Human Body and Orientation.pdf

Human Body & Orientation Lesson 2 A u g u s t 1 9 , 2 0 2 4 MARVIN M. FELICIANO, LPT Manila Central University  PowerPoint® Lecture Slides Prepared by Patty...

Human Body & Orientation Lesson 2 A u g u s t 1 9 , 2 0 2 4 MARVIN M. FELICIANO, LPT Manila Central University  PowerPoint® Lecture Slides Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College C HAPT E R 1 The Human Body: An Orientation © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.  Anatomy Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology Study of how the body and its parts work or function © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Macroscopic or Gross anatomy Large structures Easily observable A. Surface Anatomy – the external body B. Regional Anatomy – specific body regions C. Systemic Anatomy – specific organ systems © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Microscopic anatomy Structures cannot be seen with the naked eye Structures can only be viewed with a microscope A. Cytology B. Histology © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.  Molecules Smooth muscle cell 2 Cellular level Cells are made Atoms up of molecules. 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. Smooth muscle tissue Blood 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of vessels similar types of cells. Heart Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle Blood tissue vessel (organ) 6 Organismal level Connective Cardio– Human organisms are tissue vascular made up of many organ system systems. 4 Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. 5 Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.1 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.1, step 1 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.1, step 2 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.1, step 3 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.1, step 4 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.1, step 5 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.1, step 6 1. Integumentary System Forms the external body covering Protects deeper tissue from injury Helps regulate body temperature Location of cutaneous nerve receptors © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Skeletal System Protects and supports body organs Provides muscle attachment for movement Site of blood cell formation Stores minerals © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 3. Muscular System Produces movement Maintains posture Produces heat © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 4. Nervous System Fast-acting control system Responds to internal & external change Activates muscles and glands © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 5. Endocrine System Secretes regulatory hormones Growth Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Sexual maturation © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 6. Cardiovascular System Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 7. Lymphatic System Returns fluids to blood vessels Cleanses the blood Involved in immunity © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8. Respiratory System Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 9. Digestive System Breaks down food Allows for nutrient absorption into blood Eliminates indigestible material as feces © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 10. Urinary System Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Maintains acid-base balance Regulates water and electrolytes © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 11. Reproductive System Produces offspring Testes produce sperm & male hormone Ovaries produce eggs & female hormones © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Integumentary System 2. Skeletal System 3. Muscular System 4. Nervous System 5. Endocrine System 6. Cardiovascular System 7. Lymphatic System 8. Respiratory System 9. Digestive System 10. Urinary System 11. Reproductive System © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Maintaining boundaries Separation between internal and external environment 2. Movement Locomotion Movement of substances 3. Responsiveness Ability to sense changes and react 4. Digestion Breakdown and absorption of nutrients © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 5. Metabolism — chemical reactions within the body Break down complex molecules into smaller ones Build larger molecules from smaller ones Produces energy Regulated by hormones 6. Excretion Eliminates waste from metabolic reactions Wastes may be removed in urine or feces © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 7. Reproduction Occurs on cellular level or organismal level Produces future generation 8. Growth Increases cell size and number of cells © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 9. Nutrients Chemicals for energy and cell building Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals 10. Oxygen Required for chemical reactions © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Nutrients Chemicals for energy and cell building Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals 2. Oxygen Required for chemical reactions © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 3. Water 60 to 80 percent of body weight Most abundant chemical in the human body Provides for metabolic reaction 4. Stable body temperature 37°C (98°F) 5. Atmospheric pressure Must be appropriate for gas exchange © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.