Introduction to Psychological Assessment PDF

Introduction to Psychological Assessment Ms. Jurelyn B. Lustria, RPm Instructor Tools of Psychological Assessment  Lesson Objectives Understand the basic principles underlying psychological assessment  Distinguish between testing and assess...

Introduction to Psychological Assessment Ms. Jurelyn B. Lustria, RPm Instructor Tools of Psychological Assessment  Lesson Objectives Understand the basic principles underlying psychological assessment  Distinguish between testing and assessment  Demonstrate understanding of the test user’s responsibilities Identify authoritative sources for psychological test information  Evaluate appropriate tools in psychological assessment for various settings  1 2 Testing Measurement 3 4 Evaluation Assessment  Testing Measurement activity that assigns quantitative process of sampling behavior/ skills principle and end with a score or by using ready-made test. quantity of psychological construct. Evaluation Assessment process of coming up with judgment collect process and interpret – to appraise what an individual can information in order to make and can’t do. judgment and decisions. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT  PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Gathering and integration of data relating to psychology Purpose: create a psychological evaluation. Use of techniques and tools of psychology to learn either general or specific acts about another person, either to inform others of how they function now, or to predict their behavior and functioning in the future. Differences between Testing and Assessment  PSYCHOMETRICS science of psychological measurement the tools used in psychological measurement underwent a systematic process to ensure its soundness  PSYCHOMETRIC SOUNDNESS refers to how consistent and accurate a psychological test is to measure what it is meant to measure. In this context, the utility refers to the usefulness or practical value that a test or other assessment tool has for a specific purpose. Why do we measure psychological constructs? 1. For classification or diagnosis of psychological disorders. 2. To describe or explain one’s functioning or characteristics. 3. To predict tendencies or future behaviors. Roles of Psychometrician 1. Answer specific questions and aid in making relevant decisions. 2. Expert in human behaviour. 3. Understand and appreciate multiple causation, interactional influences, and multiple relationships. 4. Understand tests and tests construction. TOOLS OF ASSESSMENT  TOOLS OF ASSESSMENT Based on your answers (Task Time)  TOOLS OF ASSESSMENT Psychological Test Interview Case History Data Behavioral Observation (Psychological Observation) Role Play Test Computer as Tools PSYCHOLOGICAL Designed to measure psychological TEST variables such as intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, or values. Varies in terms of a number of variables such as content, format, and procedures for administration, procedures for scoring and interpretation and technical quality.  Types of Tests PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST I. Ability tests- measure skills in terms of speed, accuracy, or both. A. Achievement – measures previous learning B. Aptitude – measures for acquiring a specific skill. C. Intelligence – measures potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, and profit from experiences.  Types of Tests PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST II. Personality tests – measure typical behaviors (traits, temperaments, and dispositions) A. Structured (objective) - provides a self – report statement to which the person responds “True” or “False”, “Yes” or “No.” B. Projective – provides an ambiguous test stimulus; response requirements are unclear  One of the most important means of data collection during INTERVIEW psychological assessment. The interviewer is taking note of both verbal and nonverbal behaviour. Helps make a diagnosis, treatment, collection or judgment on the appropriateness of different educational programs or class placements. INTERVIEW What are the assets of interviewing?  Allows for establishing rapport with client. INTERVIEW Provide opportunities to probe or examine. Allows for observation of the client and other interviewees Results are placed in a wider, more meaningful context Useful in crisis situations or other situations where testing is not feasible.  Types of Interview INTERVIEW 1. Structured - Example: Have you ever gone on binges, benders where you kept drinking for a couple of days or more without sobering up? 2. Unstructured - Example: What brings you here? 3. Semi – structured - Example: How is your relationship with your supervisor?  Other Types of Interview INTERVIEW 1. Intake interview 2. Social case history 3. Mental Status Exam 4. Employment Interview 5. Educational Interview  Other Types of Interview INTERVIEW Intake interview To determine why the client has come to the clinic or hospital To judge whether the agency’s facilities, policies and services will meet the need and expectations of the clients. Chance to inform the client of matters such as the function, fees, policies and procedures. Face to face or phone interview.  Other Types of Interview INTERVIEW Social Case History Biographical sketch Often takes a developmental approach examining and individual’s entire life, beginning with infancy. Primary purpose: To understand individual’s background.  Other Types of Interview INTERVIEW Mental Status Exam Orientation: What is the (year) (season) (day) (month) Registration: Name 3 objects Employment Interview To hire or to fire employee Employment Interview Initial interview for admission  Refers to records, transcripts CASE and other accounts in written, pictorial or other HISTORY form, in any media that preserve archival information DATA relevant to an assessee. Files or excerpts maintained from an institution, school, hospital, employers, religious institutions, criminal justice agencies. Examples: Letters, photos, newspaper clippings, audiotapes, work samples  BEHAVIORAL Process that involves OBSERVATION selection, provocation, recording, and encoding (PSYCHOLOGICAL of behaviors. OBSERVATION) How does the person act? Nervous, calm, smug? What they do and do not do? Do they make and maintain eye contact? How close to you do they sit? REFERENCES Coaley, K. ()Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics. Sage Publications Ltd. London Cohen, R.J. (2018). Psychological Testing and Assessment An Introduction to Tests and Measurement 9th Edition. Mcgraw- Hill Education International Edition Kaplan, R. M. & Sacuzzo, D.P. (2019). Psychological Testing, Principles, Applications and Issues 9th Edition. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd: Singapore