Fundamental Calculations in Analytical Chemistry PDF

Fundamental Calculations in Analytical Chemistry Lesson 02 Ma. Cecilia B. Bucasas, RCh Department of Chemistry College of Natural Sciences  > International System of Units SI Units > Standardized system of units...

Fundamental Calculations in Analytical Chemistry Lesson 02 Ma. Cecilia B. Bucasas, RCh Department of Chemistry College of Natural Sciences  > International System of Units SI Units > Standardized system of units SI Base Units Physical Quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation Mass Kilogram Kg Length Meter M Time Second S Temperature Kelvin K Amount of Mole Mol Substance Electric Current Ampere A Luminous Intensity Candela cd Mass v. Weight MASS > Invariant measure of the quantity of matter. WEIGHT > Force of gravitational attraction between between the matter and Earth. Weight and mass are related by w = mg w – weight of an object m – mass of an object g – acceleration due to gravity  > A physical quantity that is Density often used as a “fingerprint” for most common substances and is the ratio of the substance’s mass and volume mass density = volume  > related to specific gravity Density by the equation: ρsubstance Specific gravity substance = ρstandard ρstandard = ρwater = 1.00 g/ mL* (for solids and liquids) ρstandard = ρair = 0.001 g/ mL* (for gases) Note: * is at 25oC. Sample Problem A 1.5m-wide, metal, cylindrical tank that is 10 meters high is filled with distilled water. Given that the metal container has a uniform thickness of 6.0 inches, many metric ton/s of distilled water can it hold? Temperature > a measure of the degree of hotness of a body; measures the total amount of heat in an object. heat – energy that flows from a hot region to a cold region as a result of temperature difference. Temperature > measured by the three Conventional temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. The Boiling and Freezing Points of Water at different Temperature Scales Mole > Mol > the SI unit for the amount of a chemical species > directly proportional with the number of particles  > The molar mass of a Mole substance is the mass in grams of a mol of that substance. > The number of moles nx of a species X of molar mass Mx is given by mX nX = MX  > related to mass, particle and volume by the given flowchart: Mole MASS PARTICLE AN X x 1/ M 1/ AN W x M W X MOLE x Vm x 1/Vm VOLUME (for a gas at STP)