General Psychology Lecture Questions 1 PDF

General Psychology Lecture Questions 1 What is Psychology? Compare and contrast psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology. What is the focus of each perspective and how do they differ from what came before an...

General Psychology Lecture Questions 1 What is Psychology? Compare and contrast psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology. What is the focus of each perspective and how do they differ from what came before and after? Psychoanalysis is behavior that is influenced by the unconscious mind & drives. Today Psychodynamic Physiology. Behaviorism is our behavior that is controlled by rewards & punishments. Focus on observable behavior. (You don’t need to know what’s going on in your mind to explain.) Today's behavioral perspective. Cognitive Psychology shows the importance of cognition as a basis for understanding human behavior—today's cognitive perspective. Research Methods & Statistics I Let’s say you’re interested in determining whether people like those who are similar to them or different. Come up with a reasonable theory, hypothesis, and operational definitions. What type of method would you use (descriptive, correlational, experimental)? What is you independent variable and what is your dependent variable? Theory: People are more likely to like people who are different from them because opposites attract. Hypothesis: If I were to experiment and see who people like more who they are similar to or more different from, I would find that people like people who are different more because opposites attract. Dependent Variable: Who they like. Independent variable: The people who are different & similar. I would use the correlational method. What are the pros and cons of the different research methods in psychology? Description: Pros: Very specific theory. Cons: not reputable, not broad enough, can't prove a lot. Correlation: Pros: The systematic relationship between two or more variables. Cons: No proof of causation, correlation does not equal cause. Experimental: Pros: Cons: Research Methods & Statistics II What is the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics? When should you NOT use the mean as a measure of central tendency? Descriptive Statistics: used to summarize or describe sets of observations. Inferential Statistics: used to interpret or draw inferences about a set of observations. You shouldn’t use mean if a distribution is not normal or close to normally distributed. In the presence of high skewness Ethics in Research What are 3 safeguards that researchers use to ensure that they do no harm to their research participants? Do you believe it is ethical to deceive participants? 1. Careful study is designed to decrease potential risk or harm. 2. Support or counseling services during or after data collection. 3. Maintaining confidentiality and anonymity in data collection and reporting. It depends on the context and if it puts the participants in harm’s way. Neuroscience & Behavior I Compare and contrast the nervous system and the endocrine system. What are the chemical messengers? How are messages communicated? Both the nervous system and the endocrine system respond to stimuli in the body. The nervous system uses neurons and neurotransmitters to quickly transmit signals, resulting in short-lived responses. On the other hand, the endocrine system secretes hormones into the bloodstream, which then travel to target cells to initiate a response to stimuli. The nervous system uses neurotransmitters as chemical messengers while the endocrine system uses hormones. What are the functions of each part of the nervous system? The nervous system has two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all the nerves outside of the CNS. The main function of the nervous system is to send, receive, and interpret information from all parts of the body. The CNS processes this information and coordinates a response, while the PNS carries information to and from the CNS. The nervous system also controls and regulates bodily functions such as movement, sensation, and organ function. Neuroscience & Behavior II Complete the worksheet I sent you that asks you to describe the various parts of the brain and how they might function in driving a car. How would a person be affected if different parts of their brain were injured? For each part of the brain that you learned about, know what it does and what would happen to the person if that same part was damaged. Broca: Damaged => aphasia loss of speech Wernicke: Damaged => speak, but makes no sense Know how to label the different parts of the brain. Vision What’s the relationship between sensation and perception? Sensation and perception are closely related but distinct processes. Sensation involves receiving input about the physical world through sensory receptors, while perception involves the brain selecting, organizing, and interpreting these sensations. In simple terms, senses form the physiological foundation of perception. Know how to label the different parts of the eye. Hearing and other Senses Compare and contrast frequency theory and place theory. What does each theory contribute to our understanding of how people hear? Low frequency is frequency theory. Medium frequency is place theory & frequency theory, High frequency is place theory. Know how to label the different parts of the ear.