Mental Health BPH333 Lecture 4.1 PDF

Mental Health BPH333 1 4. Stress and Its Role in Mental Health Dr. Abdulrahman Almujaidel Introduction to Stress 2 Stress is a normal physiological and psychological response t...

Mental Health BPH333 1 4. Stress and Its Role in Mental Health Dr. Abdulrahman Almujaidel Introduction to Stress 2 Stress is a normal physiological and psychological response to life's demands  It can be both positive (eustress) and negative (distress)  Stress affects everyone, but how we respond to it varies  Understanding stress is crucial for maintaining mental health Definition of Stress 3 Stress is the body's reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response  It's a normal part of life, but excessive stress can be harmful  Stress triggers the "fight or flight" response in our bodies  This response prepares us to face challenges or dangers Physiological Response to Stress 4 When stressed, the body releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones:  Increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supplies  Slow down digestion and other non-essential functions Short-term, this response helps us deal with immediate threats Long-term, activation can lead to health problems Types of Stress: 1. Acute Stress 5 Acute stress is short-term and the most common form of stress  Often caused by recent or estimated demands and pressures Examples: public speaking, a job interview.  Symptoms: include emotional distress, muscular problems, and temporary physical symptoms Acute stress is generally manageable. Types of Stress: 2. Chronic Stress 6 Chronic stress is long-term, ongoing stress  It can result from persistent life situations like poverty, unhappy relationships, or demanding jobs  Chronic stress can have serious health consequences if left unmanaged  It can contribute to anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders  Physical health problems like heart disease and digestive issues are also linked to chronic stress Impact of Stress on Mental Health 7  Stress can significantly affect mental health and well-being, and worsen existing mental health conditions which lead to the development of mental disorders Common stress-related mental health issues include: ▪ Anxiety disorders ▪ Depression ▪ Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ▪ Substance abuse disorders Stress and Mental Disorders 8 Stress is a risk factor for various mental disorders and can trigger the onset of mental health conditions in vulnerable individuals  Stress can worsen symptoms of existing mental disorders The relationship between stress and mental health is bidirectional: ▪ Stress can lead to mental health problems ▪ Mental health problems can increase vulnerability to stress How Stress Affects Brain Function 9 Chronic stress can alter brain structure and function. It can affect the size and neural connectivity of brain regions like:  The amygdala (involved in fear and emotion processing)  The hippocampus (important for memory and learning)  The prefrontal cortex (responsible for decision-making and self-control) These changes can impact cognitive function, memory, and emotional regulation Stress and Emotional Regulation 10 Stress can damage our ability to regulate emotions effectively It can lead to:  Increased irritability and mood swings  Difficulty controlling anger or frustration  Heightened emotional reactivity  Reduced ability to experience positive emotions These effects can strain relationships and overall quality of life Common Stressors 11 Work-related stress (job insecurity, high workload, poor work-life balance)  Financial stress (debt, unemployment, financial instability)  Relationship stress (conflicts, divorce, loss of a loved one)  Health-related stress (chronic illness, disability)  Environmental stress (noise, pollution, crowded living conditions)  Major life changes (moving, starting a new job) Individual Differences in Stress 12 Response People react differently to the same stressors Factors influencing stress response include:  Genetics  Personality traits (neuroticism, resilience)  Past experiences and trauma  Social support systems  Coping skills and strategies Understanding these differences is crucial for tailored stress management Stress Vulnerability Model 13 The stress vulnerability model explains why some people are more affected by stress than others It suggests that mental health problems result from an interaction between:  Biological vulnerabilities (genetic predisposition)  Environmental stressors  Coping abilities This model helps in understanding why similar stressors affect people differently Healthy Coping Strategies 14  Exercise and physical activity  Mindfulness and meditation  Deep breathing exercises  Time management and prioritization  Seeking social support  Getting adequate sleep and maintaining a healthy diet Unhealthy Coping Strategies 15  Substance abuse (alcohol, drugs)  Overeating or undereating  Excessive sleeping  Procrastination and avoidance  Social withdrawal  Aggressive behavior Mindfulness for Stress Management 16 Mindfulness involves being fully present and aware in the moment It can reduce stress by:  Increasing awareness of thoughts and emotions  Promoting relaxation and calmness  Improving emotional regulation  Enhancing focus and concentration Mindfulness can be practiced through meditation, yoga, or daily mindful activities Exercise and Stress Reduction 17 Regular exercise is a powerful stress management tool Benefits of exercise for stress relief include:  Release of endorphins (feel-good hormones)  Improved mood and self-esteem  Better sleep quality  Reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression  Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week Social Support and Stress 18 Management Strong social connections can buffer against stress Benefits of social support include:  Emotional comfort and understanding  Practical assistance with stressors  Different perspectives on problems  Cultivate relationships with family, friends, and support groups Professional Help for Stress 19 Management When stress becomes overwhelming, professional help may be necessary Options include:  Psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy)  Stress management programs  Support groups  Medication Mental health professionals can provide tailored strategies for managing stress and improving mental health Conclusion 20  Stress is a normal part of life, but chronic stress can harm mental health  Understanding personal stressors and stress responses is crucial  Developing healthy coping strategies is essential for managing stress  Regular practice of stress-reduction techniques can improve overall well-being  Seek professional help if stress becomes unmanageable Managing stress is an ongoing process.  21 Questions??