Lecture 22 Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb PDF

Lecture 22 Bones and joints of the upper limb Introduced by Dr Moustafa Magar PhD and Assistant Professor of Anatomy & EmbryologyFaculty of Dentistry- Petra University-Jordan & Faculty of Medicine-Al-Azhar University-Egypt Bones of the upper limb Clavicle: anterior Scapula: posterior ❑Bones of shou...

Lecture 22 Bones and joints of the upper limb Introduced by Dr Moustafa Magar PhD and Assistant Professor of Anatomy & EmbryologyFaculty of Dentistry- Petra University-Jordan & Faculty of Medicine-Al-Azhar University-Egypt Bones of the upper limb Clavicle: anterior Scapula: posterior ❑Bones of shoulder girdle. ▪ Clavicle: anterior ▪ Scapula: posterior ❑Bone of the arm ▪ humerus Humerus: Bone of the arm Radius: lateral bone of the forearm ❑Bone of forearm ▪ Ulna: medial ▪ Radius: lateral N.B. In forearm and hand o Lateral = radial side or toward thumb o Medial= ulnar side or toward little finger Ulna: Medial bone of the forearm Bone of the shoulder girdle(pectoral girdle Bones of the hand ❑ Bones of the wrist region ▪ carpal bone: 8 bones arranged in 2 rows ▪ proximal row= 4 bones ▪ Distal row= 4 bones ❑ Bones of the palm ▪ metacarpal bones ▪ 5 bones;1st of thumb and 5th of little finger ❑ Bones of the fingers ▪ Phalanges [single phalanx] ▪ 3 phalanges For each Finger ▪ 2 phalanges for thumb distal phalanx middle phalanx Proximal phalanx fingers 4th palm 5th 3rd 2nd 1st Distal row wrist proximal row metacarpals carpals Bones of the hand 4th 5th Distal row proximal row 3rd 2nd 1st Joints of the upper Limb ❑sternoclavicular joint ▪ articulating bones: a) Sternal (medial) end of the clavicle b) Manubrium of sternum and 1st rib ▪ Type: saddle type of synovial joints ❑Acromioclavicular joint. ▪ articulating bones a) Acromial end (lateral end) of the clavicle b) Acromion of the scapula ▪ type plane type of synovial joints ▪ Allowed movement: gliding movement sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint Acromion of the scapula Coracoid process clavicle Manubrium Joints of the upper Limb Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint). ❑ Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint). ▪ Articulating bones: a) Glenoid cavity of the scapula b) Head of the humerus ▪ Type of joint Ball and socket type of synovial joints Head of the humerus ▪ Allowed movement Flexion and extension. Adduction and abduction Medial rotation and lateral rotation Glenoid cavity of the scapula scapula Medial rotation and lateral rotation Adduction and abduction extension Flexion Joints of the upper Limb ❑Elbow joint ▪ Articulating bones: a) Trochlea of the humerus articulates with Trochlear notch the ulna b) Capitulum of the humerus articulates with head of the radius ▪ Type: Hinge type of synovial joints ▪ Allowed movement: Flexion and extension. humerus Trochlea Capitulum Trochlear radius head of radius radius ulna ulna Trochlear notch of ulna Joints of the upper Limb ❑Radio ulnar joints ▪ Proximal radioulnar joint Between proximal ends of radius and ulna Type: pivot type of synovial joint ▪ Middle radioulnar joint Fibrous membrane connects shafts of radius and ulna Type: syndesmosis type of fibrous joints ▪ Distal radioulnar joint between distal ends of radius and ulna Type: pivot type of synovial joint ❑Allowed movement: ▪ medial rotation=pronation ▪ Lateral rotation=supination. Joints of the upper Limb ❑ Wrist joint ▪ Articulating bone: Lower end of radius articulates with proximal row of carpal bones ▪ Type: Ellipsoid/condylar ▪ Allowed movement: Flexion and extension. adduction and abduction. ❑ Carpometacarpal (CM) of thumb ▪ Type: saddle ▪ Allowed movement: flexion and extension adduction and abduction Opposition ❑ Metacarpophalangeal ( MCP) of medial 4 fingers ▪ Type: condylar/ellipsoid ▪ movement Flexion and extension adduction and abduction ❑ Interphalangeal joints ( IPJ) ▪ type:-hinge ▪ movement flexion I extension. Interphalangeal joints ( hinge) Metacarpophalangeal (condylar) wrist joint (Condylar) carpometacarpal of thumb (Saddle) proximal row of carpal Lower end of radius Add & abb of finger flex & ext of finger flexion and extension at wrist at wrist Joints of the upper limb Acromioclavicular Sternoclavicular Lower end of radius proximal row of carpal Shoulder/ glenohumeral (ball & socket) elbow (hinge) Proximal (pivot) Radioulnar Acromion of scapula carpometacarpal of thumb (Saddle) carpals metacarpals wrist joint/ radiocarpal (Condylar) Metacarpophalangeal (condylar) phalanges middle (syndesmosis) Distal (pivot) Interphalangeal joints (hinge) General rules ❑ Joints are named according to articulating bones: e.g. radioulnar joints ( between radius and ulna) ❑ Ball and socket allows 3 types of movement ▪ Flex & ext. ▪ Add & abd. ▪ med & lat. Rotation ❑ Saddle and condylar allow 2 types of movement ▪ Flex & ext. ▪ Add & abd. ❑ Hinge and pivot allow one type ▪ Pivot: rotation ▪ Hing : Flex & ext. Joint Articulating bone Type of joint Allowed movement sternoclavicular Med. Clavicle, Manubrium, 1st rib saddle --------------------------- Acromioclavicular Lat. Clavicle, Acromion plane gliding Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint). Glenoid cavity of scapula, Head of the humerus Ball & socket Flexion and extension. Adduction and abduction Medial rotation and lateral rotation Elbow joint Capitulum of the humerus+ head of radius Hinge Flexion and extension Trochlea of humerus+ trochlear notch of ulna Proximal, middle, distal radioulnar Between radius and ulna Proximal and distal= pivot Middle= syndesmosis Med & lat. Rotation Supination and pronation Wrist joint (radiocarpal) Radius+ proximal row of carpals condylar Add & abd. Flex & Ext. Joints of the hand Carpometacarpal of thumb saddle Metacarpophalangeal condylar Interphalangeal hinge