Lecture 1 - Introduction to Management Information Systems PDF

Lecture 1: Introduction to Management Information Systems ISIT224 Management Information Systems Health and Safety Information for Students Commencement of Session What to do in an emergency? KEEP CALM – STAY SAFE If the alarm sounds or you are notified to evacuate:...

Lecture 1: Introduction to Management Information Systems ISIT224 Management Information Systems Health and Safety Information for Students Commencement of Session What to do in an emergency? KEEP CALM – STAY SAFE If the alarm sounds or you are notified to evacuate: The nearest assembly area for this building is: - Follow instructions of building warden or staff member - Leave by the nearest safe emergency exit - Proceed to your emergency evacuation assembly point - Await further instructions - Do not return to the building until it is safe to do so If required to take shelter: - Follow instructions of building warden or staff member - Lock doors, close windows/blinds and seek refuge - Await further instructions Need assistance on campus? WE ARE HERE TO HELP If you require first aid or medical assistance while on campus: - Locate a first aid officer, or - Call UOW Security on 4221 4900, or - Use Wellbeing Assistance, First Aid or Emergency buttons on SafeZone App available free for iOS, Android and Windows. Reporting hazards KEEPING YOUR UNIVERSITY SAFE AND COMFORTABLE If you notice any hazards (e.g. broken furniture or equipment) in your teaching area or anywhere on Campus: Report it to your Lecturer/Tutor/Supervisor The University has an online hazard and incident reporting tool called SafetyNet Report IT equipment hazards to Information Management and Technology Services on 4221 3000 Report building and grounds hazards to Facilities Management Division on 4221 3217 Smoke-Free University SAY GOODBYE TO SECONDHAND SMOKE All UOW public areas including buildings, eating areas, grounds, pathways and transport stops have been smoke-free since July 2016. This includes the use of vapes and e-cigarettes. Please co-operate with this policy to help make our campus healthier for everyone. For more information: uow.info/smoke-free For more information: uow.info/safe-at-work Lecture Outline Background A b o u t Me S u b j e c t Overview Assessments L e c t u r e for W e e k 1 Introduction to M a n a g e m e n t Information S y s t e m s 8 Subject Coordinator Dr. Hui Luo Lecturer School of Computing and Information Technology Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences Room 111, Building 3, Northfields Ave, Wollongong NSW 2522 Email: [email protected] UOW scholar page: – https://scholars.uow.edu.au/hui-luo 9 Subject Coordinator Research Areas  Data Science  Data Mining  Big Data Management 10 Subject Overview What is in the subject outline? Subject Description An overview of all the major Information Systems in the contemporary business environment – finance, HR, payroll, inventory, sales, CRM, SCM and ERP – processes involved in managing information systems Topics surrounding the key components of Information Systems – people, software, hardware, data, and communication technologies 12 Subject Learning Outcomes Some major projects you will work on in your life will be done in the context of a business or organization EITHER You will use/manage/analyze systems for businesses/organizations – (e.g. Westpac, Telstra, Qantas, Smith Family) OR You will work for a business that builds systems – (e.g. Google, Microsoft, Apple, SAP, Cisco) for other businesses/organizations 13 Subject Learning Outcomes Identify the components of an Information System (IS) and the roles IS play in organizations. Explain the functionality of the main IS typically found in organizations. – Understanding the business & IS relationship – IS management and planning, roles of CIOs 14 Subject Learning Outcomes Discuss how technology diffusion impacts on an organization and the impact of not keeping pace with technological change. Apply IS in organizational decision making process. Analyze how organizations manage its IS (technology evaluation, adoption, development, deployment, etc.) 15 Subject Outline It is a ‘contract’ between you and the University It tells you what you are required to do and what you are not allowed to do: e.g. – It tells you when assignments are due, how and when they are to be submitted etc. – It tells you about penalties for late submission, for cheating and for plagiarism It tells you about the textbook and other readings you should complete Your subject outline is available online at ISIT224 Moodle site 16 Moodle - eLearning This subject will use a Moodle (eLearning) site – Make sure you can log on Subject outline is/will be uploaded on Moodle. – Read through carefully Announcements posted to the eLearning site will be deemed to have been delivered to you Lecture notes (in PDF form) will become available there 17 Subject Materials Textbook: – Management Information Systems- Managing the Digital Firm, 17th Ed. – Authors: Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J.P. – Publisher: Pearson – (Not compulsory, only suggested as guideline) Options: – Purchase from UniShop – Borrow from Library – Online source: https://www.pearson.com/store/p/management- information-systems-managing-the-digital- firm/P200000001392/9780136971542 18 Subject Materials Keep pace by accessing Moodle regularly, esp. announcements IS and IT technologies develops very quickly Keep reading, practicing and thinking Other resources – Internet (Google scholar) – Library: both bookshelves and online databases – Magazines and newspapers: reports (advertisements and critics) on new technologies – Personal (daily) experiences with IS, mobile apps, data, etc 19 Contribution Class contribution – use good case facts or your own experience to support a point of argument – constructive disagreement – insightful comments on class topics or case questions – Challenge yourself- open questions – more Moodle forum contribution – the sharing of course related materials such as news articles, videos, or other relevant links – discussion questions & findings – any questions – more 20 Subject Organisation Two-hour online lecture – Students are required to download lecture notes from Moodle before lectures – Focus on essential topics in lectures – Learning IS technologies to advance ‘business’ Two-hour labs – Lab exercises – Lab discussions – Group project, give presentations – Feedback in labs and to your assignment submissions Fuel your self-learning after classes 21 Subject Assessments Notes on Assessment Assessment guide is available on the subject’s Moodle site – Instructions – Marking criteria All individual assignments must be completed independently Plagiarism in any assignment or exam may result in a FAIL for that assignment or exam 24 Notes on Assessment If you cannot submit an assignment on time it must be submitted to the Subject Coordinator/Tutor as soon as possible Unless academic consideration is granted, late submissions will get a penalty of 5% of the assessment mark per day including public holidays and weekends Work more than 5 days late will get a mark of zero Penalties apply to all late work, except if student academic consideration has been granted 25 Group Project You will work on this project as part of a group of 4-6 (TBD) members Detailed instruction & marking criteria will be available on Moodle site 26 Final Exam The final exam will test for knowledge, comprehension, and application of concepts as they relate to the learning objectives specified in the outline. The content on which the final exam will be based will be discussed in lecture 13. 27 Technical Fail To be eligible for a Pass in this subject a student must achieve a mark of at least 40% in the Final Examination. Students who fail to achieve this minimum mark & would have otherwise passed may be given a TF (Technical Fail) for this subject. 28 Lab Discussions Type of Assessment: Individual You are required to read the recommended articles prior to attending the tutorials Participate and contribute to the discussion questions The purpose of this discussion is to assist you to learn course material as well as develop skills in critical analysis 29 Attendance Requirements It is the responsibility of students to attend all lectures/tutorials/labs/seminars/practical work for subjects for which you are enrolled. Satisfactory attendance is deemed by the University, to be attendance at approximately 80% of the allocated contact hours. 30  Lectures Moodle Tutorials/Labs Textbook Discussions Assessments Readings Introduction to Management Information Systems What is management information systems? How are information systems transforming business, and why are they so essential for running and managing a business today? The World is Changing 33 The World is Changing 34  ITs 35 35 Mobile Phone Revolution This is just the beginning… 36 And It will Keep Changing 37 37 Source: Mckinsey report The world is changing 38 38 The world is changing 39 39 The world is changing 40 40 The world is changing 41 41 IT Capital Investment Source: Based on data in U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts 42 Organisations and Information Technology 43 What is an Organisation? A stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs A collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and confliction resolution. How do these definitions relate to information systems and information technology? 44 What is an Information System Information systems: – Set of interrelated components – Collect, process, store, and distribute information – Support decision making, coordination, and control 45  Data, Information, and Knowledge Source: http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm  DIKW Pyramid Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIKW_Pyramid 47 What is an Information System Three activities of information systems – Input: Captures raw data from organization or external environment – Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form – Output: Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it – Feedback Output is returned to appropriate members of organization to help evaluate or correct input stage 48 What is an Information System  Dimensions of Information Systems I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s (IS) Li tera c y: a broa der u n d e r s t a n d i n g of i nf orma t i on systems, w h i c h e n c o m p a s s e s a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g of the m a n a g e m e n t , organizational a n d t echni cal d i m e n s i o n s of systems. IS Security Perspective IS Business Perspective Dimensions of Information Systems Technology dimension of information systems – Computer hardware: physical equipment like monitor, keyboard, printer, CPU, RAM, etc. – Computer software: Operating System (OS) and various applications – Data infrastructure – Networking and telecommunication technology Networks, the Internet, intranets and extranets, World Wide Web – IT infrastructure: hardware + software + network + data + IT staff 51 Dimensions of Information Systems Organisational dimension of information systems It is about the people, structure, business processes, politics and culture of the organization. – Hierarchy of authority, responsibility Senior management Middle management – Knowledge workers Operational management – Data workers – Production or service workers 52 Dimensions of Information Systems Organisational dimension of information systems (cont.) – Separation of business functions Sales and marketing Human resources Finance and accounting Manufacturing and production – Unique business processes Business processes: logically related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work. – Unique business cultures – Organisational politics 53 Dimensions of Information Systems Management dimension of information systems It is about steering the organisation. It is the planning, organising, directing and controlling of resources to achieve organisational goals. – Managers set organisational strategy for responding to business challenges – In addition, managers must act creatively: Creation of new products and services Occasionally re-creating the organization 54 Challenge yourself: open questions What are some types of information system used in an enterprise or organisation? Who are some typical users of information system in an enterprise? Would you consider the Facebook app an information system? Why? 57 Types of Organizational IS Systems for different management groups – Transaction processing systems – Management information systems – Executive support systems – Decision support systems Systems for DIKW pyramids – Knowledge management systems – Business intelligence systems Systems for enterprise management – Enterprise resources planning systems – Supply chain management systems – Customer relationship management systems 58 Systems for Different Management Groups 59 Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping Serve operational managers and staff Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external environment Serve predefined, structured goals and decision making 60 60 Example: A Payroll TPS Common features: Simple & 61 Repetitive 61 Management Information Systems (MIS) Serve middle management – Provide reports on firm’s current performance, based on data from TPS – Provide answers to routine questions with predefined procedure for answering them Typically have little analytic capability 62 Sample MIS Report 63 Decision Support Systems Serve middle/senior management Support nonroutine decision making – Example: What is the impact on production schedule if December sales doubled? May use external information as well TPS / MIS data Model driven DSS – Voyage-estimating systems Data driven DSS – Intrawest’s marketing analysis systems 64 Example: Voyage-Estimating Decision Support System 65 Executive Support Systems Support senior management Address nonroutine decisions – Requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight Incorporate data about external events (e.g., new tax laws or competitors) as well as summarized information from internal MIS and DSS Example: Digital dashboard with real-time view of firm’s financial performance 66 Sample Digital Dashboard 67 67 Types of Organizational IS IS within an Organization IS among Organizations The Role of IS in Organization IS is transforming businesses, especially information intensive industries – Growing online newspaper readership – Expanding e-commerce and Internet advertising – Growing data generation rate E.g, new federal security and accounting laws » Require companies to store e-mail for 5 years have spurred the growth of digital information » Lead to increasing at a rate of 5 exabytes annually 71 Organizational Impacts Managers Reduce the number of middle managers Provide managers with real-time or near real-time information Less time to make decisions Supervise geographically dispersed employees and teams Non-managerial workers Eliminate jobs Loss of identity Job stress and physical problems 72 72 Societal Impacts Positive Opportunities for people with disabilities Flexibility in work (e.g. work from anywhere, anytime) Improvements in healthcare Negative Health problems for individuals Place employees on constant calls Misinform patients about health problems 73 73 IT Capital Investment Investing in IS does not guarantee good returns 75 The Role of IS in Organization Success factors: – Adopting the right business model: The alignment between business models and information systems – Investing in complementary assets (organizational and management capital) Complementary assets: – Assets required to derive value from a primacy investment – Firms supporting technology investments with investment in complementary assets receive superior returns 76 77 77 How are information systems transforming business, and why are they so essential for running and managing a business today? Information systems help to achieve six strategic business objectives: 1. Operational excellence- profitability, efficiency, etc. 2. New products, services, and business models: 3. Customer and supplier intimacy: return customers, reduced waiting time, product targeting, improved transparency and trust with suppliers 4. Improved decision making: sales forecasting, product recommendations, optimised inventory replenishment 5. Competitive advantage: service quality, reduced cost of sales, customer experience, market leader 6. Survival: adaptive to disruptive innovations, responsive to new opportunities and industry regulations Summary Information systems is a set of interrelated components – to collect, process, store, and distribute information – used to support decision making, coordination, and control – has three components i.e., organisation, management and technology – to leverage on IS, (1) business models and IS systems need to align and (2) organisations needs to invest on complementary assets- organizational, managerial, and social assets 79 Summary Types of organizational IS: – Transaction processing systems – Management information systems – Decision support systems – Executive support systems IS is important and is transforming businesses today by helping to achieve 6 business objectives – operational excellence – new products, services, and business models – customer and supplier intimacy – improved decision making – competitive advantage; – survival 80 Have a happy study journey with ISIT224! 