Medical Terminology Lecture 1 Handout PDF

PPC 102 / PPD 102 Medical terminology Lecture 1 Fall 2024 – 2025 Assoc. Prof. Noha El-Salamouni  What is medical terminology? 2 Medical terminology is a vocabulary for accurately describing the human body and associated com...

PPC 102 / PPD 102 Medical terminology Lecture 1 Fall 2024 – 2025 Assoc. Prof. Noha El-Salamouni  What is medical terminology? 2 Medical terminology is a vocabulary for accurately describing the human body and associated components and conditions in a scientific based manner. It is used in medical fields. Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Available medical dictionaries 3 Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Websites: http://medicaldictionary.thefeedictionary.com 4 Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Websites: http://medicaldictionary.thefeedictionary.com 5 Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Websites: http://medicaldictionary.thefeedictionary.com 6 Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Websites: https://www.medicinenet.com/medterms-medical-dictionary/article.htm 7 Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Medical terminology 8 The systematic approach to word building and word comprehension is based on the concept of: Word roots Prefixes Suffixes Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Word Parts 9 Prefix – Root – Suffix = Word Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Word Parts 10 Prefix Word root Suffix Is the basic meaning of the word A short word part or a A short word added before the root to modify number of parts added its meaning after the root to modify its meaning Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Word Parts 11 Prefix Added in front of the term to modify its meaning. Is a term derived from Greek or Latin language, usually Word root indicates a body part. e.g. cardi/ac (cardi; means heart) Suffix Attached to the end of the word root to add meaning. Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Word root 12 A word root is the main part of the word. All medical words have at least one word root. Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Word root 13 A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements (combining form, prefix, suffix) to form another word with a different meaning. Thyroid root as complete word Thyroidectomy root as part of the word (surgical removal of the thyroid gland) bacteria root as complete word bactericide root as part of the word (agent that kills bacteria) Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Word root 14 A slash is used to separate word elements: / Complete word Word root Meaning Pancreat/itis Dent/ist Gastr/itis Lump/ectomy Dermat/o/logist All roots indicate a body part Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Word root 19 A slash is used to separate word elements: Complete word Word root Meaning Pancreat/itis Pancreat Inflammation of the pancreas Dent/ist Dent A person who is licensed to practice dentistry Gastr/itis Gastr Inflammation of the stomach Lump/ectomy Lump The surgical removal of a tumor in a breast A physician who is specialized in the diagnosis Dermat/o/logist Dermat and treatment of skin diseases All roots indicate a body part Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Exercise 20 Underline the word roots in the following words; then using the free medical dictionary, search for the meaning of the words: Gastrectomy: Gingivitis: Phlebitis: Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 24 Certain combinations of roots are hard to pronounce. This is true when the word root ends in a consonant (not a vowel) and the word part that is added to it also begins with a consonant. Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 26 ¨ This unease of pronunciation makes it necessary to insert a vowel called “combining vowel”. ne.g. Gastr/o/scope Gastr: word root (ends with consonant letter) scope: suffix (start with consonant letter) Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 27 ¨ This unease of pronunciation makes it necessary to insert a vowel called “combining vowel”. ne.g. Gastr/o/scope Gastr: word root (ends with consonant letter) scope: suffix (start with consonant letter) Gastrscope x Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 28 ¨ In medical terms the most common vowel used in the formation of the combining form is the letter -o- added to the word root. Root – o – suffix Combined form ¨ The vowel has no meaning of its own, but enables 2 word elements to be linked. Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 29 Combined form = word root + vowel “o” Usually the combining vowel is an “o”, but occasionally it may be “a”, “e”, “i”, “u”, “y” Word Analyze the word Combined form Thermometer Prefix/root/o/suffix Gastroscope Chemotherapy Dermatology Encephalography Neurology Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 36 Combined form = word root + vowel “o” Usually the combining vowel is an “o”, but occasionally it may be “a”, “e”, “I”, “u”, “y” Word Analyze the word Combined form Thermometer Therm/o/meter Therm/o Gastroscope Gastr/o/scope Gastr/o Chemotherapy Chem/o/therapy Chem/o Dermatology Dermat/o/logy Dermat/o Encephalography Encephal/o/graphy Encephal/o Neurology Neur/o/logy Neur/o Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 40 ¨ If the medical term contains 2 roots; a combining vowel is used to link a root to another root, even if the other root starts with a vowel. Root/o – root – suffix Word e.g. 1: Hepatosplenomegaly Hepat/o/spleen/o/megaly Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD  Combined forms 41 e.g. 2: Gastr/o/enter/itis ¤ Gastr: root (means stomach) 2 roots are linked together by a vowel “o” ¤ enter: root (means intestine) ¤ Gastr/o: combined form ¤ -itis: suffix (means inflammation) ¤ Gastroenteritis means; inflammation of the stomach and intestine Dr. Noha El-Salamouni, PhD