Anatomy Lecture Notes PDF
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Uploaded by ConstructiveMaroon4007
Cairo University
Dr. mohamed dief allah
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Summary
This document is a set of lecture notes on human anatomy. It provides information on anatomical positions, planes, and terms, covering topics such as superficial and deep fascia, movements, and various structures. The notes were created by Dr. mohamed dief allah at Cairo university.
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- Introduction - Fascia - Cartilage - Bones - joints Dr. mohamed dief allah Lecturer of anatomy & embryology Kasr alainy, Cairo university Introduction Positions: Supine position Prone position...
- Introduction - Fascia - Cartilage - Bones - joints Dr. mohamed dief allah Lecturer of anatomy & embryology Kasr alainy, Cairo university Introduction Positions: Supine position Prone position Lateral decubitus position Lithotomy position Erect anatomical position Prone position: The body lies on its face Supine position: The body lies on its back Lateral decubitus position: The body lies on its side (right or left). Lithotomy position: The body lies on its back with flexion of hip and knee and abduction of hip joints. Erect anatomical position Human body is regarded as standing erect. Eyes are looking forwards. Upper limbs are hanging by the sides. Palms are facing forwards. Thumbs are directed laterally. Anatomical terms Median = exactly in the middle line or median plane. Medial = اإلنسيnearer to the median plane. Lateral = الوحشيaway from the median plane. Proximal = الدانيnearer to the root of the limb. Distal= القاصيaway from the root of the limb. Superficial= سطحي: towards the skin or the surface of the body. Deep= عميق: further away from the skin or the surface of the body. Internal (inner) = towards the cavity of a hollowed organ. External (outer) = towards the surface of a hollowed organ. peri حول مستويات =Planes Planes HORIZONTAL PLANE: It is a transverse plane, which runs horizontally cutting the body into: ❑Upper (superior) ❑Lower (inferior) parts. Planes CORONAL = تاجيPLANE: It is the plane, which cuts the body vertically into: an anterior part towards the front of the body a posterior part towards the back of the body. Planes MEDIAN ( SAGITTAL= ) سهميPLANE: It is the vertical plane, which passes in the middle line of the body dividing it longitudinally into right & left equal halves Planes Paramedian plane: It is a plane parallel to and nearby the median plane. Terms of movements ▪ Flexion ▪ Elevation ▪ Extension ▪ Depression ▪ Abduction ▪ Protraction ▪ Adduction ▪ Retraction ▪ Medial rotation ▪ Dorsiflexion ▪ Lateral rotation ▪ Plantar flexion ▪ Circumduction ▪ Supination ▪ Inversion ▪ Pronation ▪ eversion General terms Skin Articulation Fascia Artery Ligament Vein Muscle Vessels Tendon Bone Nerve Joint Fascia Deep fascia Superficial fascia A layer of loose connective tissue lies immediately deep to the skin. Superficial fascia: 1- prevent heat loss 2- reservoir of fat 3- soften the body surface Functions 4- medium for vessels and nerves 5- contain muscles 6- contain glands 7- facilitates movements of skin It prevents heat loss from the body= thermal insulator It acts as a reservoir of fat. It softens the surface of the body. It facilitates the movement of skin over the underlying structures. It contains skin muscles as in face (muscles of expression). It acts as a medium through which cutaneous vessels & nerves pass to skin. It contains special types of glands mammary glands & deep part of the sweat glands. A membrane composed of compact and regular collagen fibers. Deep fascia: Functions It extends between 2 bones forming interosseous membranes. Inter= in between Osseous = bone Formation of intermuscular septa It is thickened around joints forming retinacula = قيد It is thickened forming aponeurosis = الصفاقية e.g. palmar aponeurosis Plantar aponeurosis. Aponeurosis = any glistening fibrous structure Formation of fibrous median raphe: where 2 muscles of both sides are inserted into it e.g. mylohyoid muscle. Formation of fibrous pulleys: under which a muscle tendon can pass. Formation of broad sheets around ❑ Body muscles ❑ Tendons ❑ Vessels. Functions of deep fascia Formation of Interosseous membrane Formation of Intermuscular septa Formation of Aponeurosis Formation of Retinculae Formation of Pulley Formation of Raphe Formation of Sheath around muscles , tendons, vessels - The part of deep fascia extending between 2 bones is called (MCQ) A- Aponeurosis B- Pulley C- Intermuscular septum D- Interosseous membrane - The thickened part of deep fascia around joints is called (MCQ) A- Aponeurosis B- Retinaculum C- Intermuscular septum D- Interosseous membrane Thank you