Language Revision Task Memo PDF

Language Revision Task MEMO # Answer: 1 Proper Nouns: Summer Olympics, Atlanta, Jewell’s, Federal Bureau of Investigation Common nouns: security guard, backpack, hero Abstract nouns: time Pronouns: him Definite article: the Indefinite article: a 2 Finite: brings Non-fin...

Language Revision Task MEMO # Answer: 1 Proper Nouns: Summer Olympics, Atlanta, Jewell’s, Federal Bureau of Investigation Common nouns: security guard, backpack, hero Abstract nouns: time Pronouns: him Definite article: the Indefinite article: a 2 Finite: brings Non-finite: love Auxiliary: can Infinitive: to (inspire); to (celebrate) 3 lean: adjective loudly: adverb and: co-ordinating conjunction immediately: adverb anxious: adjective because: subordinating conjunction injured: adjective Amazingly: adverb behind: preposition (of place, can be an adjective) but: co-ordinating conjunction satisfied: adjective 4 Breaking: common noun Its: pronoun Debut: common noun Paris: proper noun Rachael Gunn: proper noun has received (auxiliary + verb) of: preposition at: preposition her: pronoun time: abstract noun was: finite verb losing: finite verb  to: preposition Lithuania’s: proper noun hopping: finite verb to: preposition dancing: finite verb at: preposition Saturday: proper noun criticism: abstract noun an: indefinite article has represented: (auxiliary + verb) with: preposition and: co-ordinating conjunction 5 Check for 3 loose and periodic sentence examples by students. 6 1. The hungry students quickly devoured the popcorn 2. The birds were watched by the plump cat from the window. 3. The politician lost the election. 4. The rude note was ripped up by the principal. 5. The object and subject of the sentence were swapped by the student. 7 (Included below answer table) 8 1. Alek said that he could not wait for the holidays to start. 2. Somaan asked them if they would go to the dance with him. 3. He said that I/they had forgotten to cut my/their toenails again. 4. While looking through Elle’s house, Mia asked her where she had found a gorgeous lamp. Elle replied that she had found it at the midnight market. 5. Gideon protested that he wouldn’t be caught dead wearing those clothes. 9 1. “I’m feeling sick,” she said. 2. “Vunani is an excellent singer,” stated Kitrina. 3. “Four legs are good, two legs are bad,” said the farm animals.  4. “You hardly touched your dinner,” they said. 5. “Please buy me an apple at lunchtime,” Thabani asked Jack. 10 1. Some of the Drama department’s wigs are missing. 2. He has recently inherited a large sum of money. 3. Each of the sandwiches was greedily devoured. 4. Seyon and Joshua are going fishing. 5. Neither of us is available to help you. 6. Are either my brothers or my father responsible for this? 7. The murder of crows was viciously plucking at my eyes. 8. He shouts far too loudly. 9. My pants are dirty. 10. Concord errors are easy to solve. 11 1. Auntie Bertha and I love to eat ice cream. (Aunt Bertha and I are the subjects) 2. Think about what they’ve taken from you and me. (“me” being an object, as “they” did the taking) 3. If you think that I’m still holding on to something, you should go and love yourself. 4. That man, who looked so suspicious, ran away from the scene. (Whom is used for the object of the sentence, but “that man” is the subject in this example)  5. Litha and Tinashe spoke with each other (“each other” is used for two, “one another” is used for more than two) 12 The sun was shining brightly on the field. A horde of children ran past me towards the stands, practising dance moves and yelling jokes at each other. The referee blew the whistle and the game was on. Although the match had started, I decided to quickly walk to the other side of the pitch so that I could be close to my friends. I take my phone out to read a few messages and then – blam! I was hit in the head with the full force of a soccer ball. The hit to my head was so severe that I couldn't see for the next 10 minutes. When I awoke, someone was giving me great advice – not to walk across soccer pitches while a match was being played. “Whose idea is that, your own”, I sarcastically replied before getting up and walking away. That is a day that I want to never remember. 13 1. No number before 1000 uses the letter A. (Objective) 2. The sense of apathy among today’s youth is appalling. (Subjective) 3. Coco Pops is far superior to Rice Krispies. (Subjective) 4. My mother grew up in Cape Town and left when she turned 20. (Objective) 14 Green = fact Yellow = opinion xAI’s Grok chatbot now lets you create images from text prompts and publish them to X — and so far, the rollout seems as chaotic as everything else on Elon Musk’s social network. Subscribers to X Premium, which grants access to Grok, have been posting everything from Barack Obama doing cocaine to Donald Trump with a pregnant woman who (vaguely) resembles Kamala Harris to Trump and Harris pointing guns. With US elections approaching and X already under scrutiny from regulators in Europe, it’s a recipe for a new fight over the risks of generative AI. Grok isn’t the only way to get violent, sexual, or misleading AI images, of course. Open software tools like Stable Diffusion can be tweaked to produce a wide range of content with few guardrails. It’s just a highly unusual approach for an online chatbot from a major tech company — Google paused Gemini’s image generation capabilities entirely after an embarrassing attempt to overcorrect for race and gender stereotypes. 15 1. The Prince, although he is the king’s heir, has a charmingly humble air about him. (Homophone) 2. I recently saw a bear while on a hiking trip and I could hardly bear my excitement. (Homonym) 3. I tried to lead my friends to safety, but my boots were as heavy as lead. (Homograph) 16 The humour in this sentence derives from verbal irony, as the professor says that cliches are like the plague in that they should be avoided at all costs. The professor is being verbally ironic as he is means to communicate the importance of not using cliches while comedically undermining that meaning by using a cliché (like the plague). 17 Pun: play on words Parody: spoof, ridiculing imitation Caricature: exaggerate person’s features Stereotype: generalize group of people Satire: ironically ridicule views/people Irony: situational, verbal, dramatic Hyperbole: exaggerating Innuendo: suggesting something 18 Find below activity 7 answer key. 19 The aye-aye is a monkey from Madagascar with ratty teeth that never stop growing and a weird thin middle finger that they can use to catch bugs from trees. It’s the world's biggest monkey that hunts at night. It’s known for the special and weird way it uses its finger to get bugs out of trees. 20 1.1. What is the purpose of this text? (1) To educate/inform 1.2 Comment on the register of this text. Quote to support your response. (2) The register of the article is mixed, as although contractions are used, the article generally uses formal language and has moments of advanced diction such as “pinnacle”. 1.3 Comment on the diction generally used in this article. What words best describe the diction used in this text? What is the effect of this type of diction? (3) The article generally uses technical terms, as it refers to the federations and organizations responsible for a variety of decisions. The effect is that the article appears well-researched and trustworthy. 1.4 Is this text written in the objective voice or the subjective voice? Substantiate your response with close references to the text. (2) The article is mostly written in the objective voice, although there are moments of subjectivity (“the pinnacle of an athlete’s career” cannot be objectively determined), the text mainly mentions facts about how the reimbursement process works, the history of the Olympics, etc. 1.5 Refer to paragraph 3: “the medals won by athletes will each contain an original piece of the Eiffel Tower, the 19th-century landmark which has become so synonymous with the French capital.” Is this an example of fact or opinion? Show your reasoning. (2) It is a fact that the medal will contain a piece of the tower, and although it is generally accepted that the Eiffel Tower is synonymous with Paris, this is a subjective concept and cannot be objectively determined. 1.6 Refer to paragraph 4: “While the medals are highly sought-after accolades, receiving one doesn’t come with any financial bonuses directly from the International Olympic Committee.” What type of sentence is this and what is its effect? (2) This is a periodic sentence, and the effect is that the main point is emphasized. 1.7 Refer to paragraph 5: “The IOC redistributes 90% of all its income” How would the meaning be changed if this fact was explained like this: “The IOC hoards 10% of all its profit.” Comment on the contrast of diction and connotations between these two sentences. (3) The meaning would be changed from the IOC sounding generous to sounding greedy, as “redistributes” connotes sharing and being open- handed, while “hoards” connotes selfishness, parsimoniousness, or being miserly and greedy. Activity 7 answer key: Punctuation Function Example Full-stop / Period To indicate the end of a sentence I lost all my money. After initials, abbreviations, and contracted I have an appointment with Prof. words. Zata. Exclamation mark To add an air of emotion to a sentence. I trusted you! To show an interjection Hey! Question mark To indicate that a question is being asked Did you really like my new hairy- knuckled boyfriend? Comma Use after an introductory word or phrase What’s the difference between a cat Use between all items in a series and a comma? One has claws at To enclose parenthetical statements or the end of its paws, the other is a asides pause at the end of a clause. To indicate direct address (Note: you do not need to provide an To start direct quotations example for all the different functions of a To separate dates and addresses comma.) Colon To introduce. Can be used to introduce We have two options here: stay and anything: words, phrases, lists, names, or fight or run and hide. quotations. Semicolon To merge two independent clauses that There’s a crocodile in the toilet; he may have been separated by the has a delightful smile. coordinating conjunctions “for”, “and,” There was a mess on her desk that “nor”, “but,” “or,” “yet” and “so.” needed to be sorted: stacks of As a super-comma, to separate items in a books were piled on each side, both precarious in height and close long list. to toppling; pens were scattered around… Single quotation marks To indicate a quotation within speech – to “I could not believe my ears when show that someone who is speaking is the crocodile said, 'Can I have quoting another person. some privacy here?’” Mother exclaimed. Double quotation marks To quote another or report speech. Albert Einstein once said, “I hate all these fake quotes attributed to me on the Internet.” Ellipsis To indicate that some information has As an Olympic athlete, Thabelo been omitted. had tried many sports, swimming, To indicate a pause in a sentence boxing, running... skiing and To indicate an idea is trailing into even skydiving. silence I studied for my exams while watching TV… the outcome was not very effective. Now that you mention it… Round brackets / Used to separate non-essential information My cousin Mary (who is a Virgo) is parenthesis within a sentence. over again, and she smells awful. Square brackets To indicate the alteration or addition of “[Lutino] said that [he would] watch words within a quote the new Deadpool Vs. Wolverine movie.” Hyphen To join words Battle-tested Dash To express a range or distance She must have been 100–105 To separate extra information from the main years old. point I love the smell of freshly cut grass – although I don’t get to smell it much these days – and breathe the aroma in deeply whenever I can Slash To separate lines of poetry “I was far too out my whole life / To distinguish between two terms and not waving but drowning”  Good/evil Apostrophe To form contractions Do not = Don’t To show possession Rylee’s pencil case. Activity 18 answer key: Figures of Speech: Definition Example Simile Comparison using “like”, “than” or “as” As clean as a whistle. Metaphor Comparison without “like, “as”, or “than”. Sympathy is a knife. Personification Lifeless things or non-human things are given human The wind spoke gently into my ear. qualities. Verbal irony When what is said is the opposite of what is intended in I received my test result, which I had miserably failed, and meaning. said, “well, this is some good news.” Situational When the opposite of what one would expect in a given A police station being robbed. situation occurs. irony Sarcasm The use of verbal irony to mock or convey contempt, to “You’re quite the genius, aren’t you?” belittle or be mean Antithesis The juxtaposition (placing side by side) of contrasting “Better to reign in hell than serve in Heaven.” ideas in balanced phrases or clauses in one sentence. Paradox A statement that appears to contradict itself. The beginning of the end is the end of the beginning Oxymoron When seemingly contradictory words are placed directly “Act naturally” next to each other. Hyperbole Exaggerated statements for effect, not meant to be This bag weighs a tonne. taken literally Euphemism A mild/polite, and indirect way of saying something that Born on the wrong side of the blanket could otherwise be seen as harsh/impolite if said directly. Synecdoche A part that represents the whole or vice versa. South Africa beat Ireland in the test match. Metonymy The substitution of a name for the thing meant The pen is mightier than the sword. Innuendo A suggestive allusion to something usually rude, corrupt, “Sorry officer, is there a way I could pay the fine here?” or otherwise distasteful Apostrophe An absent person, a personified inanimate being, or an “O, Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” abstraction is addressed as though present. Alliteration Repetition of consonant sounds at the start of nearby Sweet birds sang words Assonance Repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words Chip ‘n dip Onomatopoeia A word which resembles the sound it conveys BANG, FIZZ, SWISH