Radiologic Pathology PDF

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY 1st semester | BSRADTECH 3-1 Blastomycosis PATHOLOGY Carcinoma Coccidioidomycosis...

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY 1st semester | BSRADTECH 3-1 Blastomycosis PATHOLOGY Carcinoma Coccidioidomycosis Pathology is the study of diseases that lead Degenerative arthritis to abnormalities in organ systems. Ewing’s tumor (in children) Disease describes the body’s response to Fibrosarcoma injury, causing deviation from normal Giant cell tumor conditions. Disease can be hereditary or Gout result: from traumatic, infectious, vascular, or metabolic processes. Hemangioma Signs - Objective, measurable Hodgkin’s disease manifestations of disease Hyperparathyroidism Asymptomatic refers to patients with no Leprosy visible sign or symptoms Metastasis (osteolytic) Iatrogenic - Disease caused by medical Multiple myeloma treatment. Neuroblastoma Diagnosis - The process of identifying a specific disease. New Bone (Fibrosis) Ethology - The underlying cause of the Osteitis fibrosa cystica disease. Osteoporosis/osteomalacia Idiopathic - Diseases with unknown cause. Radiation necrosis Prognosis - The expected outcome of the Solitary myeloma disease. Syndrome - A condition characterized by a RESPIRATORY SYSTEM group of signs and symptoms. Additive (Decreased Attenuation) Nosocomial infections - Acquired in a Actinomycosis healthcare facility. Community-Acquired Infections - Arrested tuberculosis (calcification) Contracted outside healthcare settings. Atelectasis Bronchiectasis Edema Empyema RELATIVE ATTENUATION OF X-RAYS IN Encapsulated abscess ADVANCED STAGES OF DISEASES Hydropneumothorax Malignancy SKELETAL SYSTEM Miliary tuberculosis Additive (Increased Attenuation) Pleural effusion Acromegaly Pneumoconiosis Acute kyphosis Anthracosis Callus Charcot’s joint Calcinosis Chronic osteomyelitis (healed) Siderosis Exostosis Silicosis Hydrocephalus Pneumonia Marble bone Syphilis Metastasis (osteosclerotic) Thoracoplasty Osteochondroma Osteoma Destructive (Decreased Attenuation) Paget’s disease Early lung abscess Proliferative arthritis Emphysema Sclerosis Pneumothorax Destructive (Decreased Attenuation) Active osteomyelitis Active tuberculosis Aseptic necrosis Atrophy (disease or disuse) TRANSCRIBED BY: YANNA MABANGIS 1 LECTURE #2 | CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Additive (Decreased Attenuation) Aortic aneurysm Treatment Broad-spectrum Ascites empiric iv antibiotics Cirrhosis of the liver Removal of Enlarged heart indwelling catheters SOFT TISSUE or intravascular Additive (Increased Attenuation) devices Edema Destructive (Increased Attenuation) Risk Factors Immunocom- Emaciation promised states Older age Medical procedures Inflammation Initial response of that manipulate skin the tissue to local or mucosa injury Indwelling catheters or ports Permeable Allow fluids/cells to membrane pass from one tissue Diagnosis Two sets of blood to another tissue or cultures & adjunct location laboratory testing -cbc * urinalysis Granulation Fibrous scar replaces tissue destroyed tissue Events that occur in Inflammatory response Pyogenic Thick, yellow fluid 1. Alterations in blood flow and vascular bacteria called pus ( dead permeability. white cells) 2. Migration of circulating white blood cells to the interstitium of the injured tissue Abscess Localized, usually 3. Phagocytosis and enzymatic digestion of encapsulated, dead cells and tissue elements collection of fluid 4. Repair of injury by generation of normal parenchymal cells or proliferation of Bacteremia Potential granulation tissue and eventual scar involvement of other formation organs and tissue in the body by organism invading PHAGOCYTOSIS the blood What is Phagocytosis? - Phagocytosis is the process by which Background BACTERIA in cells engulf and digest particles. BLOODSTREAM - Phagocytes engulfing pathogen as an immune response Signs & Fever Symptoms Tachycardia Chills Rigors Night Sweats TRANSCRIBED BY: YANNA MABANGIS 2 LECTURE #2 | EDEMA Causes Disorders leading to imbalance between Edema Accumulation of hydrostatic & abnormal amounts oncotic pressure of fluid in the -Heart failure intercellular tissue -Renal failure spaces or body -Cirrhosis cavities -Pregnancy Anasarca Generalized edema that occur with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissue throughout the body Elephantiasis Localized lymphatic obstruction resulting in localized edema Ischemia, Infarct and Hemorrhage Background Extreme, Generalized Ischemia Interference of blood form of edema supply to an organ; deprive cells and Diagnosis Physical exam tissues of oxygen Blood tests and nutrients Ecg Chest x-ray Infarct Localized area of ischemic necrosis; SIgns & Weight gain produced by Symptoms Changes in HR occlusion of either Failure of multiple arterial supply or organs venous drainage Generalized swelling Fluid around lungs: Hemorrhage Implies rupture of -Shortness of breath, blood vessel coughing, wheezing, chest pain, Hematoma Accumulation of (extreme)ards blood trapped within body tissues Treatment Treatment of underlying condition -Heart failure: Diuretic medications, Ace inhibitors TRANSCRIBED BY: YANNA MABANGIS 3 LECTURE #2 | Background Bleed that occurs -Cerebral venous within functional sinus thrombosis tissue of the brain (cvst) - aka -Arteriovenous INTRAPARENCHYMAL malformation HEMORRHAGE (IPH) -Moyamoya disease Disrupts normal blood flow -Deprives the brain of oxygen -Brain cells die -Damages nerves ‘7 related functions