Iwan - Space WJEC 2 PDF

4 Examiner...

4 Examiner only 2. This question is about the Solar System. (a) Complete the following sentence. The Solar System was formed by the collapse of a cloud of........................................................ and......................................................... (b) The table shows some information about planets in our Solar System. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune mean distance 0.4 0.7 1 1.5 5.2 9.5 19.2 30 from Sun (AU) mass compared 0.055 0.815 1 0.107 318 95 15 17 with Earth orbital time 0.24 0.60 1 2 12 30 84 160 (years) mean temperature at surface on 430 465 20 –20 –150 –170 –200 –210 sunny side (°C) number of moons 0 0 1 2 63 60 27 13 Use the information in the table to answer the questions that follow. (i) Describe how the temperature on a planet depends on the distance from the Sun. (ii) Identify the planet that does not follow this trend............................................................................ 04 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (3430U60-1)  5 Examiner only (iii) Pallas is an asteroid found in the asteroid belt. I. Estimate its temperature............................. °C II. Estimate its orbital time............................. years (iv) It is suggested that the greater the mass of a planet, the more moons that will orbit around it. Explain whether the data agrees with this suggestion. 8 3 43 0U 6 01 05 05 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (3430U60-1) Turn over.  4 Examiner only Answer all questions. 1. (a) The following diagrams show the life cycle of two different mass stars. Diagram 1 shows how a star that is similar in mass to our Sun changes with time. Diagram 2 shows the changes for a star that is 8 times more massive than our Sun. Complete the labelling on diagrams 1 and 2, using words or phrases from the box below. Words or phrases can be used once, more than once or not at all. asteroid neutron star red giant supergiant white dwarf Diagram 1 – Star of mass similar to our Sun protostar main sequence star............................................................................................ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 birth age (billions of years) Diagram 2 – Star that is 8 times more massive than our Sun protostar............................................................................................ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 birth age (millions of years) main sequence star supernova 04 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (3430U60-1)  5 Examiner only (b) Underline the word or phrase in the brackets which correctly completes each sentence. (i) A main sequence star is stable because its gravitational force is ( less than / equal to / greater than ) the force caused by its radiation pressure. (ii) Stars generate their energy by the ( burning / fusion / fission ) of increasingly heavier elements. (iii) During the final stages in the life cycle of some stars heavy elements are ejected when the star becomes a ( gaseous giant planet / supernova / supergiant ). The collapse of a cloud of gas and dust combined with these heavy elements can eventually form a ( Solar System / galaxy / Universe ). 8 3 43 0U 6 01 05 05 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (3430U60-1) Turn over.  3 Examiner only Answer all questions. 1. Our Sun is a low mass star. It is currently in the main sequence stage of its life. (a) Use words from the box to complete the life cycle of our Sun. asteroid protostar supernova white dwarf red giant.............................................. main sequence............................................................................................ (b) Tick (√) the two boxes next to the forces acting on our Sun that keep it stable. gas pressure friction 3 43 0U 6 01 magnetic 03 gravity 5 03 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (3430U60-1) Turn over.  16 Examiner only 7. Jupiter has 79 moons in orbit around it. The table shows data for 4 of its moons. Mean diameter Mean temperature Orbit radius Orbit time Name of moon (km) (°C) (km) (days) Io 3 660 –163   421 700 1.8 Europa 3 120 –171   671 000 3.6 Ganymede 5 260 –163 1 070 400 7.2 Callisto 4 820 –139 1 882 700 16.7 Use information from the table above to answer the following questions. (a) (i) State which moon has the highest mean temperature.                    (ii) For the solar system, as the orbit radius increases around the Sun, the mean temperature of the planets generally decreases. Explain why the orbit radius of the moons around Jupiter does not affect their temperatures in the same way. (iii) Peter states that as Callisto has the longest orbit time it must be the largest moon. Determine whether Peter’s claim is correct. (iv) Peter correctly notices that Ganymede has an orbit time that is exactly double Europa’s. Peter suggests that as the orbit time doubles, the orbit radius also doubles. Use only the data for Ganymede and Europa to determine whether Peter’s claim is true. Space for calculations. 16 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (3430U60-1)  17 Examiner only (b) (i) Two of the statements listed below are correct. One correct statement has already been ticked. Tick (√) one more box to show the other correct statement. An Astronomical Unit (AU) is the mean distance that separates the Earth and the Sun. √ A light year is a measurement of time. A light minute is the distance travelled by light in 60 seconds.  A light year is smaller than a light second. (ii) Both Earth and Jupiter travel in elliptical paths around the Sun. As they orbit the Sun the closest distance between Jupiter and Earth is 588 000 000 km. This is equivalent to 3.92 AU. Calculate the distance, in km, that separates the Earth and the Sun. (1 AU = Earth to Sun distance)  Distance =                            km 8 END OF PAPER 17 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. (3430U60-1) Turn over.  Marks Available Question Marking details AO1 AO2 AO3 Total Maths Prac 2 (a) Gas [or gases] / hydrogen (1) 2 2 and dust [not rocks / earth](1) (b) (i) Temperature drops [accept, gets colder] (from Venus) as distance increases [or converse] 1 1 NB. Must be expressed as a trend. (ii) Venus / Mercury 1 1 (iii) I Answers in the range 21 to 149 1 1 1 II Answers in the range 3 to 11 1 1 1 (iv) Mars has less mass than Earth (1) but has more moons (1) [Accept: Mars has less mass than Earth but has 2 moons (2)] Or Mars has less mass than Venus (1) but has more moons (1) Or 2 2 Uranus has less mass than Neptune [or. eg Uranus is 15 [ Earth] mass and Neptune is 17[ Earth] mass] (1) but has more moons (1) NB1. Answers must name two relevant planets, i.e. two planets which disagree with the statement. NB2. To obtain 2 marks 'disagree' [or equiv.] must appear. Accept: 'smaller' or 'less weight' Question 2 total 2 2 4 8 2 0 4 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.  Marks Available Question Marking details AO1 AO2 AO3 Total Maths Prac 1 (a) Red giant (1) white dwarf (1) top diagram in this order Supergiant (1) neutron star (1) lower diagram in this order 4 4 (b) (i) Equal to (1) 1 1 (ii) Fusion (1) 1 1 (iii) Supernova (1) Solar system (1) 2 2 Question 1 total 8 0 0 8 0 0 3 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.  Marks available Question Marking details AO1 AO2 AO3 Total Maths Prac 1 (a) protostar (1) → main sequence → red giant (1) → white dwarf 3 (1) 3 Answers must be in the correct order (b) Tick in boxes 1 and 4 i.e. Gas pressure (1) Gravity (1) 2 2 Lose 1 mark for each additional tick Question 1 total 5 0 0 5 0 0 3 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.  Marks available Question Marking details AO1 AO2 AO3 Total Maths Prac 7. (a) (i) Callisto 1 1 (ii) Moons of Jupiter get their heat from the Sun / Jupiter doesn’t give out [much] heat / Jupiter isn’t a star / Jupiter is a planet (1) 2 2 They are [about] the same distance from the Sun / don’t orbit the Sun (1) (iii) Callisto doesn’t have the largest mean diameter [so claim not 1 1 true] Alternative: Callisto has a smaller mean diameter than Ganymede [so claim not true]. Accept the converse. Accept correct reference to data. (iv) 671 000  2 = 1 342 000 [km] [so not true] 1 1 1 Alternative: 1 070 400 = 535 200 [km] [so not true] 2 Alternative: 1 070 400 = 1.6 [so not true] 671 000 Alternative: 1 070 400 – 671 000 = 399 400 [so not true] © WJEC CBAC Ltd. 10  Marks available Question Marking details AO1 AO2 AO3 Total Maths Prac (b) (i) Box 3. A light minute is the distance travelled by light in 1 1 60 seconds. Extra tick award 0 marks (ii) 588 000 000 Mean distance = (1) 1 3.92 2 2 = 150 000 000 (1) [km] accept 1.5  108 [km] or 150  106 [km] 1 Question 7 total 2 2 4 8 3 0 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. 11