Introduction to Rad Tech Health Care Lecture Module 3 PDF

HEALTH CARE Dr. CHONA DL. CABATAY MODULE 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define what is health What is health education What is Community Assess individual and community needs for health education Plan effective health education programs Implement health education programs Monitoring health...

HEALTH CARE Dr. CHONA DL. CABATAY MODULE 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define what is health What is health education What is Community Assess individual and community needs for health education Plan effective health education programs Implement health education programs Monitoring health education programs Evaluation of health education programs HEALTH Health is the ability of a biological system to acquire, convert, allocate, distribute, and utilize energy with maximum efficiency. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined human health in a broader sense in its 1948 constitution as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.“ This definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value, the ambiguity in developing cohesive health strategies and because of the problem created by use of the word "complete", which makes it practically impossible to achieve. KEY POINTS OF HEALTH Health can be defined as physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and as a resource for living a full life. It refers not only to the absence of disease, but the ability to recover and bounce back from illness and other problems. Factors for good health include genetics, the environment, relationships, and education. A healthful diet, exercise, screening for diseases, and coping strategies can all enhance a person's health. TYPES OF HEALTH Physical health In a person who experiences physical health, bodily functions are working at peak performance, due not only to a lack of disease, but also to regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest. We receive treatment, when necessary, to maintain the balance. Mental health Mental health refers to a person's emotional, social, and psychological wellbeing. Mental health is as important as physical health to a full, active lifestyle. It is harder to define mental health than physical health, because, in many cases, diagnosis depends on the individual's perception of their experience. With improvements in testing, however, some signs of some types of mental illness are now becoming "visible" in CT scans and genetic testing. Mental health is not only the absence of depression, anxiety, or another disorder. It also depends on the ability to: enjoy life bounce back after difficult experiences achieve balance adapt to adversity feel safe and secure achieve your potential FACTORS FOR GOOD HEALTH The social and economic environment: Including how wealthy a family or community is The physical environment: Including parasites that exist in an area, or pollution levels The person's characteristics and behaviors: Including the genes that a person is born with and their lifestyle choices PRESERVING HEALTH Wellness promotes an active awareness of and participation in health, as an individual and in the community. Maintaining wellness and optimal health is a lifelong, daily commitment. Steps that can help us maximize our health include: a balanced, nutritious diet, sourced as naturally as possible regular exercising screening for diseases that may present a risk learning to manage stress engaging in activities that provide purpose and connection to others maintaining a positive outlook and appreciating what you have defining a value system, and putting it into action HEALTH EDUCATION Health education is a social science that draws from the biological, environmental, psychological, physical and medical sciences to promote health and prevent disease, disability and premature death through education-driven voluntary behavior change activities. Health education is the development of individual, group, institutional, community and systemic strategies to improve health knowledge, attitudes, skills and behavior. The purpose of health education is to positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities as well as the living and working conditions that influence their health. IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH EDUCATION Health education improves the health status of individuals, families, communities, states, and the nation. Health education enhances the quality of life for all people. Health education reduces premature deaths. By focusing on prevention, health education reduces the costs (both financial and human) that individuals, employers, families, insurance companies, medical facilities, communities, the state and the nation would spend on medical treatment. ROLE OF HEALTH EDUCATORS Assess individual and community needs Plan health education programs Develop health education programs Coordinate health education programs Implement health education programs Manage health education programs & personnel Evaluate health education programs  Develop social marketing and mass media campaigns Organize/ mobilize communities for action Handle controversial health issues/content Advocate for health related issues Encourage healthy behavior Use a variety of education/training methods Develop audio, visual, print and electronic materials Conduct research COMMUNITY A community is a group of people sharing common geographic boundaries and or common values and interests, and functions within a socio-cultural context. Community Health is a field of health practice encompassing and coordinating at the local level with overlapping aspects of public health, maternal and child birth, environmental health protection and the personal health practices of individuals and families. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNITY People the most important resource as they are the essence for its existence. They give the community its identity They have responsibilities to the community and the community has responsibilities to them They have shared values and these values change as the community changes. Goals and Needs are determined by people. These are the things and resources people wanted to maintain a peaceful and healthful living. THE COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT Physical Environment includes the geography, climate, natural resources and structural entities like schools, workplace and homes. Biological Environment includes the various flora and fauna (plants and animals), bacteria and other microorganisms, toxic substances, food and water supplies. Sociocultural Environment reflects the culture, values and demographic characteristics of the people. Service System helps to meet the basic needs as well as health and welfare needs. These service systems are represented by the agencies and organizations present in the community. TYPES OF COMMUNITY Rural community is a natural phenomenon. It is present in every society of the world having distinct culture and pattern of social life. It is actually a product of natural free will of the people having extreme similarity in their objectives and ambitions of living. Agriculture is the main identity and element. People of this community mostly have face to face 'interaction with high degree of homogeneity in their identities. Basic urban facilities like school, hospital, market, municipal office, police station etc. are usually missing in this community. Urban Community Urban community is the opposite of rural community. The urban people lifestyle are highly impersonal with each other along high degree of complexity and heterogeneity in their living style and identities. It is actually a product of rational choice. A complex division of labour with specialization in their jobs is the identity of urban community. Modern civic facilities are usually available. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY Historical factors Communities are a product of their past: current development activities take place against a historical backdrop. Historical factors may hinder or help the implementation of community forestry projects; what is undisputable is that they will have some impact on the success of those projects. Social factors There are numerous issues related to the social structure of the community that affect its cohesion and the kinds of interests different groups may wish to protect as they seek solutions to resource management problems. Some of the most salient include: · ethnicity and language; · family structure; · caste and other social divisions; and · gender relations. Economic factors The preceding section described several social factors that can affect whether members of a community are more willing or less willing to work together to solve their resource management concerns. Economic factors can also play a role in determining whether people have similar or divergent interests concerning how resources should be managed. Two salient issues are: · differences or similarities in livelihood strategies; and. · the degree of economic stratification in the community. Cultural factors Many cultural factors affect the incentives people face in protecting and exploiting their tree and forest resources. Some of them are related to religion. Such beliefs may reduce the need to monitor the behaviour of local people although there may still be a need to use other means to control access by people who do not accept these beliefs. BASIC SERVICES OF PHILIPPINE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH Provision of regular and quality maternal care services through: Regular prenatal care Prenatal care Safe delivery care Quality post partum care Target Population: All pregnant women whose ages are from 15-49 years Goal: 1. To improve the well-being of mothers through comprehensive approach of providing preventive, promotive and curative health care during pregnancy, delivery and post partum (6 weeks after delivery). 2. Improvement of the quality care at the first referral level through upgrading of equipment, laboratories of district hospitals 3. Prevention of unwanted pregnancies through provision of family planning services. 4. Prevention and management of sexually transmitted diseases 5. Promotion of appropriate health practices 6. Mobilization of political commitment and community involvement to provide support in basic services delivery. 7. Upgrade/strengthen reporting system 8. Strengthen monitoring and evaluation CARE OF NEWBORN 1. Check sucking reflex and breastfeeding practice and problems 2. Check umbilical stump for bleeding and signs of infection 3. Observe for pathologic jaundice and pallor FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM Improvement of family welfare with main focus on women’s health, safe motherhood and child survival. Benefits: 1. Improvement and maintenance of reproductive health, reproductive health 2. Safe motherhood 3. Child survival 4. Reduction of reproductive tract infections 5. Reduction of abortion 6. Reduction of special diseases FAMILY PLANNING METHODS I. Temporary a. Barrier Methods 1. Diaphragm 2. Spermicides 3. Cervical Cap 4. Vaginal Sponge b. Hormonal Methods 1. Pills 2. Injectables (Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate /DMPA) 3. Intrauterine Device (IUD) II. Permanent 1. Tubal Ligation Contraceptive Methods Used by Males 1. Temporary - Condoms 2. Permanent - Vasectomy 3. Unofficial - Withdrawal Methods Used by Both Male and Female Partner 1. Abstinence a. Total Abstinence b. Periodic (use of Natural means) b.1. Calendar Method or Rhythm Method b.2. Basal Body Temperature (BBT) b.3. Sympto-thermal Method b.4. Cervical Mucus Method 2. Others a. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) NUTRITION PROGRAM Nutrition Problems: A. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) Energy malnutrition refers to a range of clinical disorders due to deficiency of protein or calories or both. These may be manifested by “marasmus” which is characterized by extreme muscle wasting due to prolonged restricting of both dietary energy and protein as well as other nutrients. The other end result is “kwashiorkor” which is due to extreme lack of protein although carbohydrate intake may be adequate. It is characterized by growth failure, moon face, edema, skin lesions, hair changes, apathy and low resistance to infection B. Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) Vitamin A deficiency is a condition characterized by depleted liver stores and low blood levels of Vitamin A resulting primarily from deficient dietary intake of the vitamin and secondarily from poor absorption and utilization which may lead to serious eye lesions. C. Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Iron deficiency anemia is a condition which the haemoglobin concentration of the blood is below the accepted values. D. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) Refers to a group of clinical entities caused by inadequacy of dietary iodine, which include goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, fetal wastage and increased morbidity and mortality. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION Environmental Sanitation is defined as the study of all factors in man’s physical environment which exercise or may exercise a deleterious affect on his health well- being and survival. Factors affecting man’s physical environment: Water supply Prevention of Atmospheric Pollution Waste Institutional Sanitation Insect and rodent control Occupational Health Work Food sanitation Public Places Sanitation Plumbing Radiological Protection CARE OF ELDERLY Identified Needs of the Elderly: 1. Difficulties concerned with aging process 2. Physical 3. Emotional 4. Economic 5. Social 6. Spiritual GUIDELINES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMS TO MEET THE NEEDS OF ELDERLY 1. The elderly should viewed as a total person. 2. Like other citizens, the elderly has the right to enjoy their rights and privileges. 3. The elderly has a role to play in the fast changing world. 4. RA 7432 Senior Citizens Act Establish mechanisms whereby the contributions of senior citizens are minimized Adopt measures whereby senior citizens are assisted and appreciated by the community as a whole Establish program beneficial to the senior citizens, their families and the rest of the community they serve