Infant Motor Development Introduction PDF

Cecilia Castillo Gallardo MSc, BSc PT, nurse PAEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY AND PHYSICAL THERAPY DEGREE IN PHYSIOTHERAPY THIRD YEAR Facultad de Medicina. Universidad CEU-San Pablo. Table of Contents: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY OF THE THEORIES OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 3. OBSERVATION 4. PREVIOUS CONCEPTS 2 I...

Cecilia Castillo Gallardo MSc, BSc PT, nurse PAEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY AND PHYSICAL THERAPY DEGREE IN PHYSIOTHERAPY THIRD YEAR Facultad de Medicina. Universidad CEU-San Pablo. Table of Contents: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY OF THE THEORIES OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 3. OBSERVATION 4. PREVIOUS CONCEPTS 2 Is it important to know motor development? 3 What does normal mean? “Normality” is a simple arithmetic average For example. It has been stipulated that an infant at 6 months should have acquired supine to prone roll. If a 6-month- old child, aged has not yet acquired it, is it necessarily pathological? The age at which motor milestones should be reached has been stipulated by percentiles and percentages with population-based studies NO. It depends. We should be able to explore whether his motor development is going well. 4 ! ! IS T I Is it important to , E S know motor U O development? C F O It is important to know if THAT motor development in THAT infant is “normative” or pathological. 5 *Scientific paper*: n r a le o t nt t it… a w ou u o ab If y re o m 6 2. History of the theories of motor development. Clark & Whitall (1989) • TWITCHELL • HAVERSON • PIAGET • WALLON • ESPENSCHADE • ECKERT • • • • • • DARWIN TIEDEMANN • PREYER • SHINN • ECOLOGICAL THEORY • Thelen (DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY) • Hadders (NEURONAL GROUP SELECTION THEORY PROCESS ORIENTATED PERIOD (1970-PRESENT) COGHILL GESSEL SHIRLEY McGRAW BAYLEY NORMATIVE/DESCRIPTIVE PERIOD (1946/1970) MADURATIONAL PERSPECTIVE (1928-1946) PRECURSOR PERIOD (1787-1928) -SCREENING TEST -DEVELOPMENT SCALES Clark JE, Whitall J. What is motor development? The lessons of history. Quest. 1989; 41: 183-202 2. History of the theories of motor development. Clark & Whitall (1989) • TIEDEMANN German philosopher. He recorded the findings he found in his son in the form of a diary. • DARWIN Had 10 children and recorded their motor development in a diary. • PREYER He recorded the motor development of one of his children. He always observed and searched in the same place, at the same time. Not to put the children on their feet too early because their legs might bow. • Dr. SHINN She studied and recorded his niece development. She compared his findings with those of Preyer. PRECURSOR PERIOD (1787-1928) “The interest in the child's motor development started in the form of a diary” Clark JE, Whitall J. What is motor development? The lessons of history. Quest. 1989; 41: 183-202 2. History of the theories of motor development. Clark & Whitall (1989) • COGHILL Salamander development.. There is a central nervous system that organises and commands everything below, and establishes it in a hierarchical way. • BAYLEY BAYLEY’S SCALE Psychomotor development of the child from 0 to 3 years of age. • McGRAW All the others are going to base their studies on Coghill's findings MADURATIONAL PERSPECTIVE (1928-1946) • They studied the child from a more cognitive point of view, although they also talked about motor aspects. • GESSEL • *The first assessment instruments began to emerge: screening tests, assessment scales.* • SHIRLEY SCREENING TESTS Denver II Clark JE, Whitall J. What is motor development? The lessons of history. Quest. 1989; 41: 183-202 DEVELOPMENTAL SCALES Alberta 2. History of the theories of motor development. Clark & Whitall (1989) • TWITCHELL & HAVERSON They come from physical education. Interest in motor skills. • PIAGET & WALLON (Psychologists) Through research into the child's cognitive development, they noted motor skills that interested them. NORMATIVE/DESCRIPTIVE PERIOD (1946/1970) Clark JE, Whitall J. What is motor development? The lessons of history. Quest. 1989; 41: 183-202 2. History of the theories of motor development. Clark & Whitall (1989) • ECOLOGICAL THEORY (less used) • DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY (Thelen) • NEURONAL GROUP SELECTION THEORY (Hadders) PROCESS ORIENTATED PERIOD (1970-PRESENT) Clark JE, Whitall J. What is motor development? The lessons of history. Quest. 1989; 41: 183-202 11 DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY Child development is not only the motor sphere, but also the social, language and cognition one. We have to work in a multidisciplinary way (together with psychologists, speech therapists, pedagogues, etc.). F • OPTIMAL LIVING CONDITIONS Fa A M mi ly- ILY mo centr ed de l • MADURATION CNS • HEALTHY AFFECTIVE LIFE • ENVIRONMENT • TASK 12 Observation Why is the Observation important? 13 WHAT´S THE POINT OF OBSERVATION? • To perceive what happens – to transcribe it – to organize ourselves mentally. • Focus on potentialities (ICF) and competencies. • Our attitude should allow us to be close to the emotion of the child and with enough distance so we can reflect. 14 ADAPTATIONS IN THE NEWBORN: • Respiration • Nutrition • Different pressure • Temperature • Visual and auditory stimuli 15 APGAR TEST 16 17 APGAR SCORE I SIGN A P P E A R A N CE (SKIN COLOR) P ULS E (HEART RATE) GRIMACE (REFLEX IRRITABILITY) ACT I VITY (MUSCLE TONE) RESPIRATION (BREATHING) 0 Pale 1 Body pink, 2 All pink extr. blue Absent No response Less than 100 Grimace/feeble cry when stimulated Over 100 Cry or pull away when stimulated Limp Some flexion Active motion Absent Slow/irregular Strong, lusty cry 18 APGAR SCORE II SCORE GENERAL CONDITION 0-3 Severe difficulty, requires ventilation, O2 100% endotracheal intubation 4–6 Moderate difficulty. Needs O2 100% 7 - 10 No difficulty. No treatment 19 MOTOR: PRONE • Postural patterns for support and straightening function from birth to standing position 1996: Sleeping in supine position reduced sudden infant death (SIDS) -> Less childs in prone position -> Motor delopmental delay TUMMY TIME! More time in prone promote development and minimise positional plagiocephaly. PRONE ALL TIME YOU WANT TO. While sleeping always in supine position unless able to rolling 20 *Scientific Papers*: 2 9 9 1 n r a le o t nt t it… a w ou u o ab If y re o m 6 9 9 1 6 1 0 2 21 MOTOR: SUPINE • Postural patterns for the manual function of the first year of life. 22 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! "The longest journey begins with a single step." 23 SPECIFIC METHODS IN PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY Cecilia Castillo Gallardo MSc, BSc PT, nurse DEGREE IN PHYSIOTHERAPY THIRD YEAR Facultad de Medicina. Universidad CEU-San Pablo.