Introduction To Philosophy PDF

Lesson 1: Introduction to Philosophy o Partial point of view - way of accessing a Philosophy - comes from the word philo situation using a particular point of view and sopia which means “to love and based on personal beliefs and wisdom”....

Lesson 1: Introduction to Philosophy o Partial point of view - way of accessing a Philosophy - comes from the word philo situation using a particular point of view and sopia which means “to love and based on personal beliefs and wisdom”. experiences, one thing focus. 1. Philo is a science of systematic Holistic Perspective - way of assessing a investigation. situation using all angles possible and 2. Employs natural light of a reason weighing each perspective for best 3. Has an indication to study all answer, not only one thing focus. things 4. Employs to find cause or highest Philosophical Perspective - worldviews principles. that defines nature of life, world, and relationship of individuals to the word and Four characteristics of Philosophy : its parts. Principle of Identity Principles of Non-contradict Lesson 3: Deliberation Reflection Principle of Excluded Middle The principle of sufficient reason Deliberation Reflection - conscious reflection of the relationship between our Principle of Identity - whatever it is; thoughts, knowledge, and beliefs to our whatever is not is not; everything is what it surroundings. is. Siddharta Gautama - better known as Principle of Non-contradict - Buddha, established Buddhism in the 5th impossibility thing to be and not to be at century which is now the biggest religion the same at the same respect. only yes in the world. Through meditation and and no choices. deliberate reflection, he was able to understand the relationship of man to his Principle of Excluded Middle - “either be surroundings. or not be” or “either is not”. Socrates (470-399 BC) - one of the The principle of sufficient reason - biggest Greek philosophers. left no written sufficient reason for being and existence accounts of teachings, he executed of everything, nothing exists without any youths in an intellectual discourse. His reason. method was a style of inquiry that involved a continuous pattern of asking questions until a contradiction or flaw is found. Lesson 2 : Doing philosophy: Distinguish a Holistic perspective from a partial point of Descartes (1596-1650) - father of western view philosophy, he used the process of doubting in order to reach for the only Perspective - way of looking at a situation thing that he cannot doubt anymore which or fact based on true relation or relative is the ability of thinking. importance. Two types of Thinking : Partial Point of View Holistic Perspective Human activities that emanate from Two Greek words - Meta means deliberate reflection : beyond/alter, Physika means teaching physical/nature. study of things beyond decision-making the physical. writing art Theories of Metaphysics studying Idealist improvisation Materialist Teaching - understanding the idea of Idealist - based on unobserved entities: something is the best way of teaching it, mind of matter. able to teach an idea with full confidence. Materialist - explain the observable in Decision-making - help a person in terms of the unobservable. weighing options comprehensively before choosing the best option, life encounters. Epistemology - deals with nature, sources, limitations and validity of Writing - reflect on the plots or stories knowledge. they put into words. Two parts of human knowledge in Art - come up with an artwork that reflects terms of Epistemology : his or her thoughts, emotions and ideas. 1. Empiricists - a person who supports the theory that all Studying - understand the relationship of knowledge is based on experience the ideas s/he studies to his or her life and derived from the senses. surroundings. 2. Empiricism - a view of knowledge that can be attained only through Improvisation - observation and sense experience. deliberately reflecting how previous learning experiences can be applied to the Rational view - real knowledge based on given back. logic, law methods and the methods of reason. distinguishes real knowledge from Lesson 4: Branches of Philosophy more opinion. Branches of Philosophy : Mary Wolls - British writer, philosopher Metaphysics and advocate of women's rights. Epistemology envisioned an education for women Ethics authored “A vindication of rights of Aesthetics women, 1792” Logic Two Greek words - epistem means Metaphysics - fundamental of reality, knowledge, logos means study. Study of including relationship between mind and knowledge matter, potentially and actually. necessary drive in every human being to know what Ethics - explores the nature of moral is real. virtue and evaluates human action. Ethical viewpoint - lens an individual Non-sequitur - argument that uses to view a problem. each has such a proves an exaggerated conclusion. perspective, whether or not realised. Virtue - not something to be taught or acquired through education, merely an awakening of the seed of good deeds. William Edward Burghardi Du Bois - African-American who wanted equal rights for the black and white people. Aesthetics - branch of Philosophy that concerns the nature and value of arts and aesthetic experience. Logic - study of proper reasoning using valid and sound inference, statements and propositions. Three elements of logic: consistency soundness completeness Logical fallacy is an element of an argument, reasoning or inference that causes it to become wrong, an argument that may sound convincing or true but is actually flawed. Logical Fallacies: Fallacies of Ambiguity - statement, or argument has more than one meaning. Argumentum ad hominem - direct attack to the person. Appeal to Emotions - argument that uses emotions to persuade rather than prove. Argument to Ignorance - argument is proven true because there is no way to disprove it. Argument to authority - argument is believed as true mainly because the person saying is considered as an “authority”.