INORGANIC_CHEMISTRY_(MATTER).pdf

🧪 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) Chemistry - science that deals with the properties and composition of various forms of matter Matter - anything that has mass and can occupy space. Physical material that makes up the universe...

🧪 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) Chemistry - science that deals with the properties and composition of various forms of matter Matter - anything that has mass and can occupy space. Physical material that makes up the universe Mass - amount of matter in a object Volume - amount of space occupied by matter. Types / Phases / States of Matter Solid - fixed shape and volume. The particles are touching and do not move. Liquid - fixed volume but no fixed shape. It will mold into its container. The particles are still touching but they move fluidly. Gas - has no fixed volume and shape. It will completely fill its container. The particles are apart, moving freely and seldom touch Plasma - a gas heated to extremely high temperature. Atoms ionize to result in electrons and ions Phase change INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) 1  Ionization - gas to plasma Deionization - plasma to gas Condensation - gas to liquid Vaporization - liquid to gas Freezing - liquid to solid Melting - solid to liquid Sublimation - solid to gas Deposition - gas to solid Types of Changes Physical change - the chemical composition of the substance is unchanged. Changing from one phase to another Ex. when ice melts the water change from a solid phase to a liquid phase. Chemical change - the chemical composition of a substance change. The chemical bonds between atoms must break and form to generate new substances. Make an entirely new substance because of chemical bonds. Ex. Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are combined to form water. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) 2  Classification of Matter Pure Substance cannot be separated into other materials by any physical process. cannot be physically separated made of only one matter; thus the composition is the same throughout chemical and physical properties are constant can be catergorized as gas, liquid and solid examples: pure water, hydrogen, gas, gold elements - made with only one type of atom. cannot be chemically decomposed compounds - made with two different types of atoms but are still one type of molecule. can be chemically decomposed. Elements Compounds Mixtures no chemical reaction an element is the a chemical change occurs. there is little simplest pure takes place when a or no light or heat substances compound is formed taken in or given out a compound has a mixture has the elements have properties which are properties of the properties similar to different from the substances of which those of their atoms properties of its it is made constituent elements 💡 C, H, O, N = elements that are present in all living things Mixture made of two or more pure substances and can be separated by physical processes. made up of several substances that are not chemically bonded INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) 3  chemical and physical properties may vary categorized as homogenous and heterogenous examples: sand and sugar, oil and water Homogenous (solution) - all substances are distributed evenly, and every section looks the same (ex. sugar and water) Uniform composition components are not visible to the naked eye the whole mixture is in the same phase particle size is often at atomic or molecular level components cannot be separated easily Heterogenous - not distributed evenly and would look differently in every section (ex. oil and water). mixed composition which may vary from point to point components can be easily seen substances can be of two phases and layers may separate have large particle size components can be separated easily INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) 4  Properties of Matter Chemical Property - property that becomes evident during a chemical reaction examples: reactivity with water, air, acids, etc flammability toxicity ability to oxidize heat of combustion pH ability to rust combustibility Physical Property - property that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical composition of the substance. examples: Luster Melting and boiling points Malleability Ductility Phase of matter (solid, liquid, gas) Density Solubility Odor Extensive Property cannot be used to help identify a substance because it changes. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) 5  physical properties that depend on the amount of matter depend on the amount of matter example: mass, volume, energy, etc. Intensive Property can be used to help identify a substance because it does not change with the amount of matter present physical properties that do not depend on the amount of matter independent of the amount of matter example: color, melting point, boiling point, density, etc INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MATTER) 6