Overview Of Public Health Systems In The Philippines PDF

OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMS IN THE DOH PHILIPPINES INTRODUCTION: PHN in the Phils. evolved alongside the institutional development of the DOH, the gov’t agency mandated to protect & promote people’s health and the biggest employer of health workers GLOBAL AND COUNTRY HE...

OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMS IN THE DOH PHILIPPINES INTRODUCTION: PHN in the Phils. evolved alongside the institutional development of the DOH, the gov’t agency mandated to protect & promote people’s health and the biggest employer of health workers GLOBAL AND COUNTRY HEALTH IMPERATIVES Changes on Public Health System 1. Shifts in demographic & epidemiological trends in diseases, including the emergence and re-emergence of new diseases and in the prevalence of risk and protective factors 2. New technologies for health care, communication, and information 3. Existing and emerging environmental hazards some associated with globalization 4. Health reforms  Millenium Development Goal The global community decided to adopt a common vision of poverty reduction and sustainable development in Sept. 2000 based on the fundamental values of freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, health, respect for nature, and shared responsibility 1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality & empowerment 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases 7. Environmental sustainability 8. Develop a global partnership for development The Health Sector Reform Agenda (HRSA) implemented through FOURmula ONE and operationalized in the National Objectives for Health 2005 to 2010 spells out the program imperatives of the health sector. All these are in lie with MDG and the Medium-Term Development Plan of the country EVOLUTION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES HEALTH A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO). DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 1. Income & social status 2. Education 3. Physical environment 4. Employment & working conditions 5. Social support networks 6. Culture 7. Genetics 8. Personal behavior & coping skills 9. Health services 10. Gender The Optimum Level of Functioning of IFG being influenced by several factors in the eco-system PUBLIC HEALTH The “art of applying science in the context of politics so as to reduce inequalities in health while ensuring the best health for the greatest number.” Essential Public Health Functions: 1. Health situation monitoring & analysis 2. Epidemiological surveillance/disease prevention & control 3. Development of policies & planning in public health 4. Strategic management of health systems & services for population health gain 5. Regulation & enforcement to protect public health 6. Human resources development & planning in public health 7. Health promotion, social participation & empowerment 8. Ensuring the quality of personal & population based health services 9. Research, development, and implementation of innovative public health solutions PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING “A special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health, and some phases of social assistance and functions as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability.” (WHO) COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING “A service rendered by a professional nurse with communities, groups, families, individuals at home, health centers, in clinics, in schools, in places of work for the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at home and rehabilitation.” Public Health Nursing in the Philippines Public Health Nurses (PHNs) Refer to the nurses in the local/national health departments or public schools whether their official position title Public Health Nurse or Nurse or school nurse Public Health Nursing Refers to the practice of nursing in national and local government health departments (which includes health centers and rural health units), and public schools. It is community health nursing practiced in the public health sector. READ: Historical Background of Public Health Nursing THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM Two Sectors: The Public Sector – which is largely financed through a tax-based budgeting system at both national and local levels and where health care is generally given free at the point of service (although socialized user fees have been introduced in recent years for certain types of services) The Private Sector – (for profit and non-profit providers), which is largely market-oriented and where health care is paid through user fees at the point of service  The Public Sector National Level  DOH – lead agency in health  Regional field office – specialty hospitals, regional hospitals, and medical centers  Provincial health teams –DOH reps  Local Health boards – involved in communicable disease control  PGH Local Health system – run by LGUs  Provincial & district hospitals – prov’l gov’t  Health Centers/RHUs & BHSs– city/municipal gov’t  Local Health Board – chaired by LCE  The Private Sector For Profit and Non-profit health providers Providing health services in clinics and hospitals, health insurance, manufacture of medicines, vaccines, medical supplies, equipment, and other health and nutrition products, research and development, human source development and other health-related services PHILIPPINE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH The principal health agency in the Philippines Responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of providers of health goods and services Read: Historical background of the DOH “The Leader of Health for All in the Philippines”. DOH Vision: Health for All Filipinos and Health in the Hands of the People by the year 2020 DOH Mission: “Guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health”. DOH Roles and Functions 1. Leadership in Health 2. Enabler and Capacity Builder 3. Administrator of Specific Services 1. LEADERSHIP IN HEALTH Serve as the national policy & regulatory institution fr. which the LGUs, NGOs, & other members of the health sector involved in social welfare & dev’t will anchor their thrusts & directions for health Provide leadership in the formulation, monitoring & evaluation of national health policies, plans & programs. The DOH shall spearhead sectoral planning & policy formulation & assessment at the national & regional levels Serve as advocate in the adoption of health policies, plans & programs to address national & sectoral concerns 2. ENABLER & CAPACITY BUILDER Innovate new strategies in health to improve the effectiveness of health programs, initiate public discussion on health issues and undertaking and disseminate policy research outputs to ensure informed public participation in policy decision-making Exercise oversight function, monitoring & evaluation of national health plans, programs & policies Ensure the highest achievable standards of quality health care, health promotion & health protection 3. ADMINISTRATOR OF SPECIFIC SERVICES Manage selected national health facilities & hospitals with modern and advanced facilities that shall serve as national referral centers & selected health facilities at sub-national levels that are referral centers for local health systems. Administer direct services for emergent health concerns that require new complicated technologies that it deems necessary for public welfare; administer special components of specific programs like TB, schistosomiasis, HIV-AIDS, in as much as it will benefit and affect large segments of the population. Administer health emergency response services, including referral & networking system for trauma, injuries and catastrophic events, in cases of epidemic and other widespread public danger, upon the direction of the President and in consultation with concerned LGU. GOAL: Health Sector Reform Agenda HSRA is the overriding goal of the DOH Support mechanisms will be through sound organizational development, strong policies, systems and procedures, capable human resources and adequate financial resources Rationale for Health Sector Reform Slowing down in the reduction in the IMR and the MMR Persistence of large variations in health status across population groups and geographic areas High burden from infectious diseases Rising burden from chronic and degenerative diseases Unattended emerging heath risks from environmental and work related factors Burden of disease is heaviest on the poor This is explained by: Inappropriate health delivery system as shown by an efficient and poorly targeted hospital system, ineffective mechanism for providing public health programs on top of health human resources maldistribution. Inadequate regulatory mechanism for health services resulting to poor quality of health care, high cost of privately provided health services, high cost of drugs and presence of low quality of drugs in the market Poor health care financing and inefficient sourcing or generation of funds for health care Framework for Implementation of HRSA: FOURmula ONE for Health Designed to implement critical interventions as single package backed by effective management infrastructure and financing arrangements following a sectorwide approach Over-all Goals and Objectives The implementation of FOURmula ONE for Health shall be directed towards achieving the following end goals, in consonance with the health system goals identified by the WHO, the MDGs and the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan covering 2005- 2020 1. Better health outcome 2. More responsive health systems 3. Equitable health care financing  FOURmula ONE components 1. Health financing – the goal of this health reform area is to foster greater, better and sustained investments in health. The Philippine Health Insurance corporation through the National Health Insurance Program and the DOH. 2. Health regulation – the goal is to ensure the quality and affordability of health goods and services 3. Health service delivery – the goal is to improve and ensure the accessibility & availability of basic and essential health care in both public & private facilities and services 4.Good governance the goal is to enhance health system performance at the national and local levels The National Health Insurance Program supports each off the elements in terms of: Financing – as it reduces the financial burden placed on Filipinos by health care costs; Governance – as it is a prudent purchaser of health care thereby influencing the health care market and related institutions; Regulation – as the NHIP’s role in accreditation and payments based on quality acts as a driver for improved performance in the health sector Service delivery – as the NHIP demands fair compensation for the costs of care directed at providing essential goods and services in health SUMMARY Health is an integral part of the development. The practice of community health nursing is greatly influenced by its context - the health of the people, socio- cultural, economic and political environment and the health care delivery system The government has taken a leadership role in establishing national health objectives and supporting the public health standards. With FOURmula ONE for Health as the present implementation framework of the DOH, it is yet another concrete manifestation that all partners in health are working closely together to ensure acceptable, affordable, and accessible quality health care for all Filipino people. The Philippines is probably the only country in the world with a constitution that guarantees the right of people to health DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 2023 VISION Filipinos are among the healthiest people in Southeast Asia by 2022, and Asia by 2040 MISSION To lead the country in the development of a productive, resilient, equitable and people-centered health system for Universal Health Care. ITS MANDATE IS TO DEVELOP NATIONAL PLANS, TECHNICAL STANDARDS, AND GUIDELINES ON HEALTH. ASIDE FROM BEING THE REGULATOR OF ALL HEALTH SERVICES AND PRODUCTS, THE DOH IS THE PROVIDER OF SPECIAL TERTIARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO HEALTH PROVIDERS AND STAKEHOLDERS. WHILE PURSUING ITS VISION, THE DOH ADHERES TO THE HIGHEST VALUES OF WORK, WHICH ARE: Integrity – The Department believes in upholding truth and pursuing honesty, accountability, and consistency in performing its functions. Excellence – The DOH continuously strive for the best by fostering innovation, effectiveness and efficiency, pro-action, dynamism, and openness to change. Compassion and respect for human dignity – Whilst DOH upholds the quality of life, respect for human dignity is encouraged by working with sympathy and benevolence for the people in need. Commitment – With all our hearts and minds, the Department commits to achieve its vision for the health and development of future generations. WHILE PURSUING ITS VISION, THE DOH ADHERES TO THE HIGHEST VALUES OF WORK, WHICH ARE: Professionalism – The DOH performs its functions in accordance with the highest ethical standards, principles of accountability, and full responsibility. Teamwork – The DOH employees work together with a result-oriented mindset. Stewardship of the health of the people – Being stewards of health for the people, the Department shall pursue sustainable development and care for the environment since it impinges on the health of the Filipinos. Together with its attached agencies, the DOH – constituted of various central bureaus and services in the Central Office, Centers for Health Development (CHD) in every region, and DOH-retained hospitals – performs its roles to continuously improve the country’s health care system. 8-POINT AGENDA 2023-2028 1. BAWAT PILIPINO, RAMDAM ANG KALUSUGAN - Registration of every Filipino to a Primary Care Provider - Streamline guidelines on licensing and accreditation - Establishment of models on PCPN and HCPNs and sustaining functionality - Increase national and local investments on primary care 2. LIGTAS, DEKALIDAD, AT MAPAGKALINGANG SERBISYO Ensure access to high-quality, safe and people-centered health care services across the life course 3. TEKNOLOHIYA PARA SA MABILIS NA SERBISYONG PANGKALUSUGAN Leverage digital health and technology for efficient and accessible health care service delivery 4. HANDA SA KRISIS Ensure a resilient health system prepared to effectively respond to health crises and health emergencies 5. PAG-IWAS SA SAKIT Promote healthy settings and enhance Filipinos’ health literacy 6. GINHAWA NG ISIP AT DAMDAMIN Enhance Filipinos’ well-being and ensure quality mental health services 7. KAPAKANAN AT KARAPATAN NG HEALTH WORKERS Ensure a sufficient and engaged health workforce by providing fair compensation, healthy working environments, and opportunities for career development. 8. PROTEKSYON SA ANUMANG PANDEMIYA Strengthen systems and structures to prevent, manage and recover from disease outbreaks and potential pandemics