Chapter 1: Introduction to Enterprise Architecture CIS 3203 PDF

Chapter 1: Introduction to Enterprise Architecture CIS 3203  Understand the purpose Understand the Understand the of EA. elements of an EA elements of an EA Chapter management prog...

Chapter 1: Introduction to Enterprise Architecture CIS 3203  Understand the purpose Understand the Understand the of EA. elements of an EA elements of an EA Chapter management program. documentation method. Objectives Understand differences to other analysis / planning approaches. Enterprise Definition An enterprise is a complex, socio-technical system that comprises interdependent resources of people, information, and technology that must interact with each other and their environment in support of a common mission. An organization or sub-activity whose boundary is defined by commonly held goals, processes, and resources. This includes whole organizations in the public, private, or non-profit sectors, part(s) of an organization such as business units, programs, and systems, or part(s) of multiple organizations such as consortia and supply chains Enterprise Definition  Interactions important to behavior - include such activities as coordination of functions, sharing of information, and allocation of resources.  socio-technical system - it involves people and technology.  open system - it interacts with its environment.  purposeful - it has goals that it works towards accomplishing. Organizations and Enterprises  Organizations and enterprises are similar in that they are both types of social entities that have a culture, a formal and informal structure, goals, activities, and resources.  The difference is that an enterprise(a more versatile concept ) can be defined as a subset of an organization or can involve multiple organizations. An Introduction to Enterprise Architecture – 3rd Edition-Scott A. Bernard Enterprise Definition  We use the term ‘enterprise’ because is encompasses all types of enterprises; Common Characteristics  All enterprises are systems, where a system is an integrated collection of components (people and technology).  All enterprises use resources, an important resource class is the people employed by the enterprise.  All enterprises produce a product, provide a service, or do both.  All enterprises have customers who receive the benefits of the product or service. What is architecture Activity: Read and watch the videos about Winchester Mansion owned by Sara Winchester.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Padm4JItZPw  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgFyPqKH6p0 What is architecture  Building Architecture  Suppose you talk to an architect to design a house  You tell them how many rooms and what rooms you like, windows, bathrooms, garden, etc...  You agree on a master plan, architect produce detailed specifications  The specification is used by engineers and builders  You can communicate with the architect because you have a common language (e.g. room, staircase, etc..)  You know the function of those elements  You and the architect use, mentally, an architectural model of a house  The model is abstract, it purposely ignores many details What is architecture Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system embodied in:  its components  their relationships to each other and to the environment  and the principle guiding its design and evolution. What is Architecture  Architecture gives physical form to the functions needed by the system. The collection of elements in the system Form The configuration of those elements The arrangement of the elements and how they are related to each other What is Enterprise Architecture? Is this the enterprise Architecture? Include the checkout registers in the enterprise architecture? Include the supply chain process and distribution? What is Enterprise Architecture? Not just the computer software, hardware, and network Need to analyze and design an enterprise in the context of its operations: The business processes The organization This B R O A D E R view leads to a better overall design Enterprise Architecture  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDI2oF1bASk Enterprise Architecture  Home Architecture Analogy: ‫خفة حركة‬-  Building a house one room at a time without the blueprints for the whole the ability to house can lead to a poor result. adapt easily to change.  It is analogous to developing organizations, business units, programs, and systems without an enterprise-wide architecture for reference, as duplication and inefficiency in resources, and a lack of overall agility can result  Enterprise Architecture Is an overall, high-level design of the enterprise Through the analysis and documentation of an enterprise in its current and future states from an integrated strategy, business, and technology perspective. EA = S + B + T Enterprise Architecture = Strategy + Business + Technology Why Enterprise Architecture You cannot build this in the same way you build this Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain Why Enterprise Architecture  An architecture provides a holistic design of the enterprise with which all enterprise projects must conform  Guarantee’s design consistency towards the enterprise goals Why Enterprise Architecture  to get the most from business, technology, and human resources requires an enterprise to think in terms of enterprise-wide solutions, rather than individual systems and programs (Figure 1-1). Why Enterprise Architecture commercial or professional procedures that are accepted or  EA provides a strategy and business driven approach to policy, planning, prescribed as being correct or most decision-making, and resource development that is useful to executives, line effective. managers, and support staff.  An enterprise-wide architecture should serve as an authoritative reference, source of standards for processes / resources, and provider of designs for future operating states.  Avoid waste and duplication in large, complex organizations.  It also resolves the “battle of best practices” and competition between sub- architectural domains which can be problematic for organizations that are trying to become for efficient.  Enables IT planning and development to create and deliver those products and services that accomplish the strategic goals of the enterprise. Does an EA changes? refers to the successful selling of a product or service in a specific market. It is measured by the amount of sales volume of an existing  We adjust EA because: good or service compared to  Growth of the enterprise (organic, acquisition, etc...) the total target market for that product or service  Advancements in technology  Changes in the corporate strategies/goals (market penetration rather than skimming)  We learnt how to do things better The Enterprise Architecture Approach https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=xotSIk6FoJ4  The The first first core core element element is is “Governance” “Governance” which which identifies identifies the the planning, planning, decision-making, decision-making, and and oversight oversight Governance processes processes and and groups groups that that will will determine determine how how the the EA EA is is developed developed and and maintained, maintained, accomplished accomplished asas part part of of an an organization’s organization’s overall overall governance. governance. The The second second core core element element is is “Methodology” “Methodology” which which are are specific specific steps steps to to establish establish and and maintain maintain an an EA EA Methodology program, program, via via the the selected selected approach. approach. The The third third core core element element isis “Framework” “Framework” which which identifies identifies the the scope scope of of the the overall overall architecture architecture and and the the Framework type type and relationship of the various sub-architecture levels and threads. Not all frameworks allow for and relationship of the various sub-architecture levels and threads. Not all frameworks allow for sub-domains sub-domains oror are are able able to to integrate integrate strategy, strategy, business, business, and and technology technology planning. planning.  The The fourth fourth core core element element is is “Artifacts” “Artifacts” which which identifies identifies the the types types and and methods methods of of documentation documentation toto be be used used in in each each sub-architecture sub-architecture area, area, including including strategic strategic analyses, analyses, business business plans, plans, internal internal controls, controls, Artifacts security security controls, controls, and and models models of of workflow, workflow, databases, databases, systems, systems, and and networks. networks. This This core core element element also also includes includes the the online online repository repository where where artifacts artifacts are are stored. stored. The The fifth fifth core core element element is is “Standards” “Standards” which which identify identify business business and and technology technology standards standards for for the the Standards enterprise enterprise in each domain, segment, and component of the EA. This includes recognized international, in each domain, segment, and component of the EA. This includes recognized international, national, national, local, local, and and industry industry standards standards as as well well as as enterprise-specific enterprise-specific standards. standards. The The sixth sixth core core element element isis “Associated “Associated Best Best Practices” Practices” which which are are proven proven ways ways to to implement implement parts parts of of the the Best Practices overall overall architecture architecture or or sub-architectures, sub-architectures, in in context context of of the the over-arching over-arching EA. EA. Enterprise Architecture Activities  EA is accomplished through a management program and an analysis and design method that is repeatable at various levels of scope.  As a management program, EA provides:  Strategic Alignment: Connects goals, activities, and resources  Standardized Policy: Resource governance and implementation  Decision Support: Financial control and configuration management  Resource Oversight: Lifecycle approach to development/management  As an analysis and design method, EA provides:  EA Approach: The framework, analysis/design method, and artifact set  Current Views: Views of as-is strategies, processes, and resources  Future Views: Views of to-be strategies, processes, and resources  EA Management Plan: A plan to move from the current to the future EA Basic elements of EA analysis and design method The EA framework  The framework creates an abstracted set of “views” of an enterprise through the way that it collects and organizes architecture information.  the EA3 Cube Framework™ the levels The EA framework  the EA3 Cube Framework™ the levels of this example framework  are hierarchical so that the different sub- architectures (that describe distinct functional areas) can be logically related to each other.  strategic goals/initiatives,  business products/services data/information flows  supporting systems/applications  technology/infrastructure. EA components  EA components are changeable goals, processes, standards, and resources that may extend enterprise-wide or be contained within a specific line of business or segment. EA components  Vertical Component  A vertical component is a changeable goal, process, program, or resource (equipment, systems, data, etc.) that serves one line of business. Horizontal (Crosscutting) Component A horizontal (or crosscutting) component is a changeable goal, process, program, or resource that serves several lines of business. Examples include email and administrative support systems that serve the whole enterprise. EA Management Plan  provides descriptions of current and future views of the architecture, and a sequencing plan for managing the transition to the future business/technology operating environment.  The EA Management Plan is a living document that is essential to realizing the benefits of the EA as a management program Threads  EA documentation includes ‘threads’ of common activity that are present in all levels of the framework. These threads include IT-related security, standards, and skill considerations. The EA Repository  is essentially a website and database that stores information and provides links to EA tools and other EA program resources. Summary  EA is the one discipline that looks at systems holistically as well as provides a strategy and business context.  EA was described as being as both a management process and an analysis and design method.  EA helps enterprises with business and technology planning, resource management, and decision-making. Class Exercise  Imagine that you want to start a business.  You will need to set up how the business will do various tasks.  For example I want to set up a private school.  There are a number of tasks that my employees will have to do in order for the school to run efficiently and profitably.  One of the tasks is how the teachers will record the quiz mark. Class Exercise Imagine that you want to start a business. You will need to set up how the business will do various tasks. For example I want to set up a private school. There are a number of tasks that my employees will have to do in order for the school to run efficiently and profitably. One of the tasks is how the teachers will record the quiz mark. Bakery – ordering flour from suppliers Hospital – Creating an account for a new patient Taxi Company – booking a taxi for a customer Cleaning Company – Sending a maid to a customer’s home 38