Humanities Cheat Sheet PDF

1. Key terms (drought, climate change, desalination, irrigation, water management, quality of life, infrastructure, public services, sustainability, push and pull): o Drought: A long period with little or no rain, leading to water shortages. o Climate change: Changes in...

1. Key terms (drought, climate change, desalination, irrigation, water management, quality of life, infrastructure, public services, sustainability, push and pull): o Drought: A long period with little or no rain, leading to water shortages. o Climate change: Changes in global or regional climate patterns, often linked to human activity, affecting rainfall and temperature. o Desalination: The process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable. o Irrigation: Artificially supplying water to crops to help them grow. o Water management: Strategies to use and protect water resources efficiently. o Quality of life: The general well-being of individuals and societies. o Infrastructure: Basic facilities like roads, water supply, and electricity essential for society.  o Public services: Services provided by the government like healthcare and education. o Sustainability: Using resources responsibly to ensure future generations can meet their needs. o Push and pull factors: Reasons people leave (push) or move to (pull) certain areas, e.g., water scarcity can push people away from a region. 2. Human causes of water scarcity: o Overuse of water for agriculture, industries, and households. o Pollution of water sources by waste and chemicals. o Deforestation reducing natural water retention. 3. Natural causes of water scarcity: o Droughts, climate change, and seasonal changes affecting rainfall. 4. Effects of water scarcity: o Reduced access to drinking water.  o Impact on agriculture, leading to food shortages. o Health issues from lack of clean water. 5. What does liveability mean? o It refers to how suitable a place is for living, considering factors like safety, services, and environment. 6. Factors positively influencing liveability: o Good infrastructure, access to clean water, safety, and community services. 7. Factors negatively influencing liveability: o Pollution, lack of water, poor infrastructure, and high crime rates. 8. How liveability impacts people’s choices: o People may move to areas with better liveability or avoid places with poor conditions. Term 4 Concepts: Economics 1. Key terms (supply and demand, producers and consumers, price, income, expenses, profits, wants and needs, goods and services, imports and exports, entrepreneur): o Supply and demand: The amount of a product available (supply) versus how much people want it (demand). o Producers and consumers: Producers make goods/services; consumers buy them. o Price: The cost of a product or service. o Income: Money earned from work or business. o Expenses: Money spent on needs and wants. o Profits: Money left after subtracting expenses from income. o Wants vs. Needs: Needs are essential for survival (food, shelter); wants are things we desire but don't need. o Goods and services: Goods are physical items; services are actions performed for others.  o Imports and exports: Imports are goods brought into a country; exports are goods sent to other countries. o Entrepreneur: Someone who starts and runs a business. 2. Costs and risks of running a business: o Costs: Rent, wages, materials, utilities. o Risks: Losing money if the business fails. 3. Characteristics of entrepreneurs: o Creativity, determination, risk-taking, and problem-solving. 4. How imports and exports contribute to the economy: o Imports provide access to goods we don’t produce locally. o Exports bring money into the country, boosting the economy. 5. What Australia imports and exports: o Exports: Minerals (iron ore, coal), agricultural products (wheat, beef). o Imports: Electronics, cars, clothing.  6. Factors influencing price: o Supply and demand, production costs, and competition. Additional Tips 1. Practice writing clear and concise answers: o Short-answer sections need direct responses. o Extended responses require structured arguments. 2. Use examples: o Relate concepts to real-life examples (e.g., how a drought affected a community).