Thyroid Hormones - HO6
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Institute of Health Technology, Dhaka
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Summary
This document provides detailed information on thyroid hormones. It covers the structure and function of the thyroid gland, production and actions of T3 and T4 hormones, binding proteins, and common thyroid disorders including hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and Graves' disease.
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TH YR O ID G LA N D Lo cate d n ear l a ry n x; t w o l o b es c o n n ecte d b y a t h in p ie ce o f t is su e Exe rt s s ig nif ic an t c o n tro l o ve r t h e r a te o f m eta b olis m in h um an s H orm on es p ro d uce d : T 3, T 4, c alc it o n in S tim ula te d b y T S H ( fr o m...
TH YR O ID G LA N D Lo cate d n ear l a ry n x; t w o l o b es c o n n ecte d b y a t h in p ie ce o f t is su e Exe rt s s ig nif ic an t c o n tro l o ve r t h e r a te o f m eta b olis m in h um an s H orm on es p ro d uce d : T 3, T 4, c alc it o n in S tim ula te d b y T S H ( fr o m t h e a n te rio r p it u it a ry t o p ro d uce a n d s e cre te T 3, T 4 Fu n ctio n al u n it : t h yro id f o llic le C om pris e d o f f o llic u la r c e lls s u rro un d in g a c e n tra l c o llo id C ollo id c o n ta in s t h yro g lo b ulin , w hic h i s r ic h i n t y ro sin e ( t h e a m in o a c id t h at f o rm s t h e b ac kb on e fo r t h e t h yro id h orm on e m ole cu le s) P R O DUC TIO N T H YRO ID H O RM ONES 15 TH YR O ID H O RM ONE B IN D IN G P R O TEIN SATH YR O XIN E-B IN D IN G G LO BU LIN ( T B G ) M ajo r t ra n sp ort p ro te in f o r T 3 a n d T 4 T 4: 0 .0 3-0 .0 5% i s u n b oun d ( a lm ost c o m ple te ly b oun d t o p ro te in s) T 3: 0 .5 % f r e e ( w eake r a tta c h m en t t o p ro te in s) T 3 i s m ore p ote n t ( T 4 i s c o n ve rt e d t o T 3 s u g gestin g t h at T 3 i s m ore i m port a n t) BT H YR O XIN E-B IN D IN G P R EA LB U M IN ( T B PA )CSER U M A LB U M IN TH YR O ID T ES T S TES T S O TH ER N AM E MET H O DS T4 Th yro xin e R IA F lu o ro m etric e n zy m e i m mun oassa y, Flu o re sc e n ce p ola riz a tio n i m mun oassa y ( F P IA ) T3Triio d oth yro n in e R IA M ic ro p art ic le e n zy m e i m mun oassa y, Flu o ro m etric e n zy m e i m mun oassa y T H BR Th yro id h orm on e b in d in g ra tio , T 3 u p ta ke , T u p ta ke R esin u p ta ke FP IA F T 4 Fre e T 4 Eq uilib riu m d ia ly sis I m mun om etric a ssa y (c h em ilu m in esc e n ce ) FT 3 Fre e T 3 R IA F T 4 I N D EX Fre e T 4 i n d ex Fre e t h yro xin e in d ex ( F T I) , T 7 C alc u la tio n f r o m T 4 a n d T H BR FT 3 I N D EX Fre e T 3 i n d ex C alc u la tio n f r o m T a a n d T H BR TS H Th yro id -s tim ula tin g h orm on e R IA , I m mun om etric a ssa y ( IM A) C LIN IC AL A PPLIC ATIO N O F T H YR O ID H O RM ONE M EA SU REM EN TS LA BO RA TO RY V A LU ES F O R H YPER TH YR O ID IS M T 4T3TSHT R H T3 U PTA KE PR IM ARY SEC O ND ARY TER TIA RY LA BO RA TO RY V A LU ES F O R H YPO TH YR O ID IS M T 4T3TSHT R H T3 U PTA KE PR IM ARY SEC O ND ARY TER TIA RY CO M MON T H YR O ID D IS O RD ER SAH YPO TH YR O ID IS M1C RET IN IS M H yp oth yro id is m i n n eo n ate s a n d i n fa n ts C hara c te riz e d b y m en ta l r e ta rd atio n , s h ort s ta tu re w it h s k e le ta l a b norm alit ie s, c o ars e fa c ia l f e atu re s, e n la rg ed t o n g ue, a n d u m bilic al h ern ia C au se s: M ate rn al h yp oth yro id is m d urin g e arly p re g nan cy Th yro id a g en esis lo d in e d efic ie n cy D ysh orm on og en etic g oit e r ( c o n g en it a l d efe ct i n t h yro id h orm on e p ro d uctio n ; m ost c o m mon ly i n vo lv e s t h yro id p ero xid ase ) 2H ASH IM OTO 'S T H YR O ID IT IS M ost c o m mon c au se o f h yp oth yro id is m i n r e g io n s w here i o d in e l e ve ls a re a d eq uate A uto im mun e d estru ctio n o f t h yro id g la n d A nti- th yro g lo b ulin a n d a n ti- th yro id p ero xid ase a n tib od ie s a re o ft e n p re se n t A sso cia te d w it h H LA -D R5 BH YPER TH YR O ID IS M1G RA VE'S D IS EA SE M ost c o m mon c au se o f h yp ert h yro id is m A uto an tib od y ( Ig G ) s tim ula te s T S H r e ce p to r - i n cre ase d s y n th esis a n d r e le ase o f t h yro id h orm on es C lin ic al f e atu re s: H yp ert h yro id is m D if fu se g oit e r Exo p hth alm os Pre tib ia l m yx e d em a