Rizal Reviewer Summary PDF

**SUMMARY OF SOME IMPORTANT EVENTS** **Chapter 1:** - On the Upper deck The novel begins with the steamship Tabo sailing on the Pasig River on its way to Laguna. While the passengers on the upper deck discuss subjects regarding the lake and the slow pace of ship travel, readers are g...

**SUMMARY OF SOME IMPORTANT EVENTS** **Chapter 1:** - On the Upper deck The novel begins with the steamship Tabo sailing on the Pasig River on its way to Laguna. While the passengers on the upper deck discuss subjects regarding the lake and the slow pace of ship travel, readers are gradually introduced to some characters of the novel such as the jeweler Simoun, Doña Victorina, Ben Zayb, Don Custodio, Padre Irene, Sibyla, Camorra, and Salvi. **Chapter 2:** - On the Lower deck On the lower deck of the steamship Tabo, Basilio and Isagani converse with Don Custodio. The two students tell the Don the plan of the students to establish a Spanish academy. Although the two students are hopeful that the academy would be approved by the govermor-general, Don Custodio expresses his pessimism. **La Ultima Razon** - Basilio is released from prison and immediately approaches Simoun in order to help him initiate a revolution. Simoun is pleased that Basilio will join his cause. He directs Basilio to meet Cabesang Tales at a designated time to acquire the rifles that are hidden in Quiroga\'s warehouse. Simoun is to place at an important gathering a dynamite-laden lamp that would then explode to signal the attack. - Without any greeting Basilio slowly advanced into the room, and in a voice that made the jeweler shudder said to him, \"Sefior Simoun, I\'ve been a wicked son and a bad brother- I\'ve overlooked the murder of one and the tortures of the other, and God has chastised me! Now there remains to me only one desire, and it is to return evil for evil, crime for crime, violence for violence. - Simoun listened in silence, while Basilio continued; \"Four months ago you talked to me about your plans. I refused to take part in them, but I did wrong, you have been right. Three months and a half ago the revolution was on the point of breaking out, but I did not then care to participate in it, and the movement failed. In payment for my conduct, I\'ve been arrested and owe my liberty to your efforts only. You are right and now I\'ve come to say to you: put a weapon in my hand and let the revolution come! I am ready to serve you, along with all the rest of the unfortunates.\" - Cabesang Tales and I will join one another in the city and take possession of it, while you in the suburbs will seize the bridges and throw up barricades, and then be ready to come to our aid to butcher not only those opposing the revolution but also every man who refuses to take up arms and join us.\" \"All?\" stammered Basilio in a choking voice. \"All!\" repeated Simoun in a sinister tone. \'All-Indians, mestizos, Chinese, Spaniards, all who are found to be without courage, without energy. The race must be renewed! Cowardly fathers will only breed slavish sons, and it wouldn\'t be worthwhile to destroy and then try to rebuild with rotten materials. - A wounded and exhausted Simoun goes to Padre Florentino\'s house to hide from the guerdie chvil that are out to arrest tim. After taking a poison, he informs Padre Florentino of his true identity. - He says that he is the fugitive Juan Crisostomo Ibarra and that his was the unsuccessful effempt to comupt the government in order to start a revolution that would free ensucuntry Padre Florentino reprimands Simoun, saying that freedom cannot be won through violence and bloodshed but by education, constant work, and suffering. **Chapter 60** - Why then has He denied me His aid?\" asked the sick man in a voice charged with bitter complaint. Because you chose means that He could not sanction, \" was the severe reply. \"The glory of saving a country is not for him who has contributed to its ruin. You have believed that what crime and iniquity have defiled and deformed, another crime and another iniquity can purify and redeem. Wrong! Hate never produces anything but monsters and crime criminals! Love alone realizes wonderful works, virtue alone can save! No, if our country has ever to be free, it will not be through vice and crime, it will not be so by corrupting its sons, deceiving some and bribing others, no! Redemption presupposes virtue, virtue sacrifice, and sacrifice love!\" - A brief pause ensued, broken at length by the sick man\'s voice. \"Then, what can be done?\"\...\"I do not mean to say that our liberty will be secured at the sword\'s point, for the sword plays but little part in modern affairs, but that we must secure it by making ourselves worthy of it, by exalting the intelligence and the dignity of the individual, by loving justice, right, and greatness, even to the extent of dying for them, and wheri a people reaches that height God will provide a weapon, the idols will be shattered, the tyranny will crumble like a house of cards and liberty will shine out like the first dawn.  **CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO** - José Rizal\'s novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are key literary works that explore the struggles of Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule. - John Schumacher (1991) describes Rizal as both a reformist and a revolutionary,offering a new way to look at Rizal\'s ideas. - **Reformist**- seeks to bring about gradual or incremental change within an existing system, typically working within established political, legal, or social structures. - **Revolutionist**- advocates for a radical, often abrupt change, aiming to completely overhaul or replace the current system with a new one. **Rizal\'s Changing Views on Spanish Rule** In Noli Me Tangere, Rizal introduces Ibarra, a character who believes that the Philippines could gain freedom through reforms under the Spanish government. Rizal soon realized that the Spanish colonizers would never allow real reforms. This is why Ibarra\'s efforts ultimately failed, reflecting Rizal\'s growing doubts about peaceful reform **Reform vs. Revolution** In El Filibusterismo, Simoun rejects the idea of reform and turns to violent revolution to achieve freedom. Simoun\'s plans also failed, showing that Rizal didn\'t believe violence was the answer either. **Schumacher\'s Perspective on Rizal** Historian John Schumacher explains that Rizal was both a reformist and a revolutionist but in a unique way. Schumacher\'s Perspective on Rizal Schumacher redefines revolution as \"a willingness to risk one\'s life for the sake of the on this idea, Rizal believed in fighting for freedom, but not through violence. **The Failure of Ibarra and Simoun** Rizal was exploring different paths to freedom, his characters are essential to understanding his thought process: Ibarra\'s failure - Represents the limits of reform within a corrupt system. Simoun\'s failure - Shows the dangers and futility of violent revolution. **The Role of Father Florentino and Non-Violent Resistance:** Father Florentino Represents and symbolizes Rizal\'s ultimate answer: Active but peaceful resistance. **Rizal\'s message** Real change must come from within the Filipino people, through education, moral strength, and unity, rather than relying on the Spanish or resorting to violence. **CONCLUSION:** Rizal\'s novels show his evolving thoughts on how the Philippines could achieve freedom from Spanish rule. Through characters like Ibarra, Simoun, and Father Florentino, Rizal explored different paths: Reform, Revolution, and Non-violent resistance. The novels reflect Rizal\'s belief that real change must come from within the Filipino people. His message remains relevant today, emphasizing the importance of unity, education, and moral courage in the struggle for justice and freedom. **ALTERNATIVE VIEW ON EL FILIBUSTERISMO** - El Filibusterismo is shorter and more concise than Noli Me Tangere. It has only 38 chapters - Dr. Rafael Palma, Dr. Blumentritt and Graciano Lopez Jaena consider Fili superior to the other. "Easy and correct Dialogue" - Lopez Jaena, was not contented with the ending and advised Rizal to make a third novel. "Coining of the beautiful day of our redemption". - Mariano Ponce remarked that El Filibusterismo is \"indeed, excellent\" and "a true twin" of Noli Me Tangere. - Perspective of several authors: El Fili is more than a sequel of the Noli. - El Fili is not a continuation of the first. **CONTEXT OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO** - El Filibusterismo reflects political opposition to Spain's colonial rule. - By the end of the 1889: Del Pilar's political organization had three elements namely: - Masonry: with the support of the leading Spanish Masons - Asociación Hispano-Filipina: A respectable lobby for reform. - La Solidaridad: the official organ of the Propaganda Movement - By 1887 Rizal was already convinced about the Spain's refusal to respond to reform demands from the Filipino "ilustrados" (intellectual class). - Transcontinentalism in El Filibusterismo. Anderson (2006) discusses the use of transcontinentalism in the novel, where events happening in the Spain are also projected in Philippines **TRANS-CONTINENTALISM** - The concept of "trans-continentalism" in El Filibusterismo could refer to how José Rizal's novel, while primarily focused on the Philippine context under Spanish colonial rule, also engages with global or international themes that transcend local or national boundaries. - Colonialism and Imperialism as Global Phrnomena - Diaspora and Exile - Global Exchange of Ideas - Economic Transnationalism **ANARCHISM** - A political theory holding all forms of governmental authority to be unnecessary and undesirable. - Anarchist: a person who rebels against any authority, established order or ruling power. - Anderson(2000) relates that one obvious absence of any direct reference to political institution, classes and ideologies due to Rizal being a moralist. - It is enough for the evil people to succeed, for the good people do nothing -Rizal- **SOME SUGGESTIONS ON HOW TO TEACH EL FILIBUSTERISMO** **Intro:** **1. HIGHLIGHTING THE "SILENT WAR" BETWEEN JOSE RIZAL AND MARCELO H. DEL PILAR:** Emphasizes the need to focus on the differing views of Rizal and Del Pilar despite being propagandists. Students can create a biographical timeline to showcase their lives, achievements, and contrasting perspectives. Such an activity, encourages the development of research skills, critical thinking, and teamwork through this activity **2. TEACHING THE CONCEPT OF FILIBUSTERO:** Stresses the importance of teaching the concept of filibustero (filibuster) in El Filibusterismo. Students are provided with reading materials and given time to summarize and discuss the relevance of materials on anarchism. Promotes group brainstorming for creative presentations using images and related concepts. **3. PROMOTING READING THROUGH PAIR WORK AND GUIDED READING:** Acknowledges students\' reluctance towards reading and adopts a pair work approach to engage them. Incorporates guided reading activities with questions to enhance comprehension and critical thinking skills. Encourages note-taking, inferring, and concluding activities to deepen understanding. **4. UTILIZING ROLE PLAY AS AN EFFECTIVE TEACHING STRATEGY:** Identifies role play as an engaging and challenging activity that fosters empathy with characters. Suggests role play as a culminating activity for the class, focusing on the most colorful and exciting parts of El Filibusterismo. Emphasizes the development of responsibility and teamwork skills through the role play project. **5. ADAPTING TO VISUAL GENERATION LEARNERS:** Recognizes students of the 21st century as visual learners who prefer color and visual stimulation. Advocates for more engaging and visually appealing learning materials. Encourages a focus on reading to bridge the gap in students\' preferences and enhance learning experiences.