GE6_Chapter-7.pdf

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO ARTS APPRECIATION Art History by: JHONA DONA VEE A. SOBREVILLA DSSP-CASS  Topic Outline Western Art ØPrehistoric period ØEgyptian art ØClassicism and the Greco-Roman Tradition ØThe medieval period ØRenaissance ØThe sixteenth century ØThe...

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO ARTS APPRECIATION Art History by: JHONA DONA VEE A. SOBREVILLA DSSP-CASS  Topic Outline Western Art ØPrehistoric period ØEgyptian art ØClassicism and the Greco-Roman Tradition ØThe medieval period ØRenaissance ØThe sixteenth century ØThe seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries ØThe Late Eighteenth and the Nineteenth Centuries ØThe Twentieth Century Insert Running Title 2  Intended Learning Outcomes Discuss the underlying history and philosophy of the era or movements. Present history through a time line Insert Running Title 3  PREHISTORIC PERIOD (30,000 BCE-3,000 BCE) Art appeard as one of the earliest activities of man. Even as far back as the prehistoric period, before man knew how to read and write, he was already an artist. The first works of art were found inside the caves which primitive man inhabited: paintings of animals on the walls and ceilings as well as the first works of sculpture. Insert Running Title 4  Cave paintings Painting along with sculpture, is the most ancient of the arts. Archeologists have discovered many cave painting in southwestern France and northern Spain to be as old as 40,000 years and more. Primitive man, in his struggle for survival in the Old Stone Age, depended on the hunting of wild animals for food and clothing. The world was a mystery to him and he tried to explain its phenomena by magic. At first, he would press his open palm and fingers on the walls of his cave and trace their outlines. ex: Lascaux, France; the applications of natural pigments became very subtle and skillful. Insert Running Title 5 CAVE PAINTINGS Insert Running Title 6 SCULPTURE The first work of sculpture aside from small animal statue, were the fertility statues, so called because of their exagerated treatment of the female sexual attributes. Insert Running Title 7  The beginnings of Architecture Early man, with his nomadic existence in search of animals to hunt for food and clothing, did not build permanent dwellings but lived in caves and natural shelters. the first notion he had of building came when he began the practice of burying his dead. The gravestones, First structures- the menhirs, dolmens and the cromlechs-- were associated with a funeral and religious purpose. Insert Running Title 8  Menhirs of Manhattan Poulnabrone Dolmen, Ireland Stonehenge cromlech, England Insert Running Title 9 With the fertile river bant of the Nile and with the linear disposition of cities along the Nile, flanked by the arid desert on both sides. The art of Ancient Egypt was closely knit with religion. It was accordance to with this belief that the egyptians devoted more time and effort into building of tombs than the construction of dwellings. Simplier type of tomb was the Mastaba, a chamber of the dead. Insert Running Title 10  The Goddess Ma’at, Wall relief, from the tomb of king Seti I at Thebes. Great pyramid of Khufu Insert Running Title 11  Greek Art (1000 BC) The history of greek art is divided into three principal periods: the Archaic Period(800-600 BC), The Classical Period or Hellenic Period (500 BC), and the Hellenistic Period (400-100 BC). Insert Running Title 12 Archaic Period(800-600 BC) the arts manifested the influence of earlier civilizations, such as those of mesopotamia and egypt, in t h e i r l i n e a r, g e o m e t r i c tendency and stylized forms, this was seen in pottery with its variety of geometric deigns and highly stylized human figures Insert Running Title 13  The Classical Period or Hellenic Period (500 BC) This contains the mainsprings of western cultural traditions in the philosophy that crystallized from the works of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.Early fifth century Greek artists began to portray human and animal forms realistically. Careful observation of the model and understanding the mechanics of the anatomy. Sculptors started introducing weight shift to their figures and how a Aphrodite of Knidos body behaves in violent motion. Greek artists began to focus more on the real world of appearances than the perfect beings. Insert Running Title 14 Greek architecture The three orders play a central role in classical architecture. this distinguished primarily by different capitals, imply a complete system of measu re m e n t s a n d proportions applied to the edifice built acc. to a peeticular order. Insert Running Title 15  the Hellenistic Period (400-100 BC) this age extended from the death of Alexander the Great until the death of Cleopatra. During this period artists gave more importance to human emotions, expression. The sculptures of this period abandons the self containment of the earlier styles and appears to include Nike of Samothrace - History of the Winged Victory Sculpture the physical surroundings and creative landscaping. Insert Running Title 16 Insert Running Title 17  The Medieval Period (476 AD - 1400) This period was also known as the Dark Ages (410 AD- 1066 AD). The dark ages were followed by the Medieval times of the Middle Ages (1066-1485) and changes which saw the emergence of the early Renaissance Art. European art was the property of the Church- often religious themes. There is no balance, proportion, or perspective pictures are ‘’flat’’ and two dimensional because the most important spiritual figures in the painting are larger than the less important ones. Halos and gold backgrounds symbolized residents of heaven and the holy atmosphere of heaven. Insert Running Title 18 Insert Running Title 19 Insert Running Title 20 The term Renaissance means rebirth and generally refers to this period's revival of an interest in classical antiquity, ancient literature, humanistic principles, and classical artistic styles. Renaissance art is marked by the gradual shift from the abstract forms of the medieval period to the representational forms of the 15th century. Insert Running Title 21 Insert Running Title 22 Insert Running Title 23  How does Renaissance art differ from Medieval period? Renaissance art uses Medieval Period is flat not just one single color meaning that is uses a but varieties of colors single color on the and is perspective, object that is painted. “Renaissance Art is more advance than Medieval Period” 24  The Sixteenth Century (16th century) In painting, sculpture, and in architecture, the words of the Mannerist Period are generally charactterized by a sense of instability and ambiguity, in spite of the presence of classical feature. There are varios form of Mannarism, such as Subject, Space, Value, Line, Gesture, and Fantastic and the bizarre. Insert Running Title 25  Mannerism of subject Mannerism of Space Madonna of the Long Neck El Greco’s St. Martin and the beggar Insert Running Title 26  Mannerism of value Mannerism of Line The Nativity by Beccafumi Last Judgement by Michelangelo Insert Running Title 27  Mannerism of gesture Mannerism of fantastic and bizarre By Parmigianimo, Vision of Saint Jerome by Arcimboldo’s Allegory of winter Insert Running Title 28  The Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries (17th-18th century) Baroque Art -Closely following the renaissance was the great religious upheaval called the reformation that shook the whole of Europe out of its complacency. Religious leaders, like Martin Luther, John Calvin and John Knox demanded religious reforms to put stop the abuses of the clergy, such as selling indulgences and religious titles. In painting The baroque style is characterized by movement, energy, restlessness. The formal balance and harmony of classicism gave way to turbulent expression. Insert Running Title 29  Baroque Art In sculpture, Baroque as a restless, dynamic style with its diagonals and floating curved lines, its striking chaiaroscuro, and its sensuous textural effects set its indebible stamp on sculpture and architecture. In architecture, Baroque style is marked by sculptural, highly ornamental facade.It may have giant and twisted columns, broken pediments, and common decorative motives. Insert Running Title 30  Rococo Art The decadent court of the French kings Louis V and Louis VI dveloped a hedonistic style known as rococo. The word comes from the french rocaille, meaning shell or conch, which was the predominant motif of rococo art. Rococo, in fact, is an extension of baroque art in its ornate aspect. but while baroque decoration still obeyed order and symmetry, rococo, on the other hand, cast these aside, and ornament developed like an organicc growth with spirals and twisting lines, tendrels, fantastic shapes, and shell like motifs, thus becoming increasingly ornate. Insert Running Title 31  Rococo Art Toilette of Venus and the Triumph of Venus The Stolen kiss or the Swing Note: Rococo paintings,in general, have sense of intimacy that is not present in the dramatic treatment of previews periods. Insert Running Title 32 The late Eighteenth and The Nineteenth Centuries Insert Running Title 33  Neo-classicism It was during this period, in the reign of Louis XIV, that the French academy was founded. The Academy established classicism- with its veneration of antiquity and its formal discipline- as the official style of the court. Artist who wished to curry official favor worked in this style, until it was reduced to dry formula and became spiritless and academic. ex: Jacues-Louis David, The oath of the Horatii (1784) and Nicolas Poussin, Arcadian Sheperds (1638), Insert Running Title 34 Jacues-Louis David, The oath of the Horatii Nicolas Poussin, Arcadian Sheperds (1638) (1784) Insert Running Title 35  Romanticism Romanticism as an artistic style followed the French Revolution. Romanticism stressed the individial freedom of the artist and his subjective reaction to the world around him- to nature, people, and events. The world came to be seen not as an exterior object in itself but as transformed by the emotions and personal sensibility of the artist. Ex: Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Guiding the People (1830) and Gericault’s Raft of the Medusa. Insert Running Title 36 Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Guiding the Gericault’s Raft of the Medusa People (1830) Insert Running Title 37  Realism In the second half of the 19th century which saw the rise of industrial capitalism, and with it the growth of the working class, a group of artists advocated a new and more honest way of seeing. these artists, known as the realists, renounced once and for all the traditional subjects of art, especially the gods and goddesses of classical mythology, which clearly enough had no more place in an industrial society. they preferred to derive their subjects from the working people and to show them a they are in their daily activities w/o idealizing them. Ex: Francois Millet (The Angelus, The Song of the Lark, The man with the Hoe) Insert Running Title 38 Francois Millet (1. The Angelus, 2. The Song of the Lark, 3. The man with the Hoe) Insert Running Title 39 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (20th century) Insert Running Title 40  Modern Art What is called modern art is a product of various social factors. The turn of the century saw marked advances in science and technology. Rapid urbanization followed the industrial Revolution, which gave rise to new relations of production, that labor and capital. The invention of photography released the painter from the demands of realistic representation, so that painting assumed a freer, more experimental, and at the same time, more personal character. Painting redefined itself as an art distinct from mere reproduction. but photography also taught the painter a few things, such as the efects of light on the subject, different viewing angles, and spontaneity of approach. Insert Running Title 41  The Crisis of subject in Painting Against this historical background modern art was born. It first manifested itself as a crisis of subject. The realists Courbet, Millet, and Daumier were the first to question the subject matter of art. For many centuries the academies of art had perpetuated dogmatic classicism which, in time, inevitably become stale and academic, losing its vigor and meaning. The new artists began to question the relevance of nymphs, gods, and goddesses in the new civilization of the machine. It became clear that for art to acquire a new vigor, it had to undergo a revolution of subject from mythological figures to real people. Insert Running Title 42  The painting was rejected by the salon that displayed painting approved by the official French academy. The rejection was occasioned not so much by the female nudes in Manet's painting, a classical Edouard Manet, “Luncheon on the subject, as by their presence in grass”, 1863 a modern setting, accompanied by clothed, bourgeois men. Insert Running Title 43  Search for Meaning in Art The search for meaning in art continued to the beginning of the 20th century with Pablo Picasso who would emerged as one of its most inventive genuises. Styles such as expressionism, dadaism, surealism, and social realism in Mexico and the United States were expressions of the profound intellectual and emotional crises brought about by the rapid socio-economic changes at the turn of the century. Insert Running Title 44