GE108-Topic3-AY20242025 PDF

https://metricop.com/ TOPIC 3 GE 108 – PROPERTY SURVEYS POSITION OF SURVEYS Course Instructor:...

https://metricop.com/ TOPIC 3 GE 108 – PROPERTY SURVEYS POSITION OF SURVEYS Course Instructor: ENGR. MARIA BELINDA D. CAMPANA Department of Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering and Geosciences, Caraga State University Authors/Contributors This material was prepared/contributed by the following faculty members: Name Type of Contribution Date of Contribution/Revision Engr. Arnaldo C. Gagula Established October 2021 Engr. Maria Belinda D. Campana Updated the content to conform September 2022 with the updated GE 108 – Course Syllabus Engr. Maria Belinda D. Campana Updated the content and September 2024 presentation template If this material was edited, revised, or updated, kindly fill up the table with required details accordingly. Copyright Notice Copyright © 2024-2025 by All Authors/Contributors and Department of Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Geosciences, Caraga State University, Butuan City. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these module are copyrighted by the entities indicated above. No part of this module maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without either the prior written permission or authorization of Authors/Contributors and the Department of Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Geo-Sciences, Caraga State University, Butuan City. IMPORTANT: The PowerPoint file shall never be distributed to other parties (including students). Only a PDF of this file shall be distributed to students of the course only. Distribution of the PDF to other parties except students should have prior permission or authorization of Authors/Contributors and the DGE of CEGS, CSU. https://metricop.com/ Presentation Outline Points of References The Philippine Reference System Philippine Plane Coordinate System Geodetic Control Surveys and its Standards and Accuracy Project Controls Surveys and its Standards and Accuracy Survey Symbols and its uses Sizes of concrete monuments Survey plans and sketch plan https://metricop.com/ Expected Outcomes (1/2) After the completion of the topic, the student must be able to: Identify and discuss the various concepts and principles of survey positioning as applied to property surveys Identify the different types of points of references for property surveys Recognize the reference system used in the Philippines Identify and explain the various standards and specifications for geodetic and project control surveys and its use in property surveys https://metricop.com/ Expected Outcomes (2/2) After the completion of the topic, the student must be able to: Define the Standards and Accuracy used in Geodetic and Project Control Surveys Identify the survey symbols and its uses Identify the survey monuments its sizes Define survey plans and sketch plans How significant is positioning in our daily lives? https://unoosa.org/documents/pdf/psa/activities/2019/UN_Fiji_2019/S5-27.pdf  © FB © Sports Illustrated © PuroClean Position measurement depends on what reference system it is based on.  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC POINTS OF REFERENCES Points of References DAO 1998-12 Section 38 Land surveys shall be fixed in position on the surface of the earth by monuments of permanent nature and by azimuths and distances to "points of reference" of known geographic positions. The geographic positions shall be in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System - Transverse Mercator/Philippine Reference System 1992 (PPCS-TM/PRS-92). Points of References These points of reference shall be as follows: a) Bureau of Lands Location Monuments (BLLM); © GeoIDEx © Land Surveyors United Points of References DAO 1998-12 Section 39 The Lands Management Bureau/Services shall establish at least one pair of standard location monuments to be designated as BLLM No. 1 and BLLM No. 2 in each city and municipality of the Philippines. DAO 1998-12 Section 40 Additional location monuments shall be established along the controls of projects. These monuments shall be by pairs with an average interval of five or six kilometers. These shall be designated and numbered as BLLM No. 3 and BLLM No. 4, BLLM No. 5 and BLLM No. 6, and so forth. However, the pair of location monuments shall be established as near as possible to the center of the Barangay. Points of References These points of reference shall be as follows: b) Political Boundary Monuments: 1. Provincial Boundary Monument (PBM) and City Boundary Monuments (CBM); 2. Municipal Boundary Monuments (MBM); and 3. Barangay Boundary Monuments (BBM) © google images Points of References These points of reference shall be as follows: © ngs c) Triangulation stations established by the: 1) Bureau of Lands 2) Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey 3) United States Army Corps of Engineers 4) Other organizations, the work of which is of acknowledged standard © google images Points of References These points of reference shall be as follows: d) Primary stations of cadastral surveys; e) Church towers, historical monuments and other prominent permanent structures of known PRS 92 geographic or grid coordinates; f.) Stations established by Global Positioning Systems, Doppler, Hiran, and Loran, and other similar stations of at least third order accuracy and in the PPCS-TM/PRS-92. © google images  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC THE PHILIPPINE REFERENCE SYSTEM LUZON DATUM OF 1911 HISTORY The plan of the United States to survey the Philippine Islands began in March 1900 when a United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS) officer was sent to Manila © google images with instructions to prepare a report on the existing cartographic conditions in the Philippines and to obtain all information necessary for the execution of geodetic, hydrographic, and topographic surveys in the country. LUZON DATUM OF 1911 HISTORY From 1901 to 1911, the USCGS established several triangulation networks all over the country which had different origins. © google images In 1911, these different networks on different datums and with different origins were consolidated into one nationwide network and the Luzon Datum was established with triangulation station Balanacan as its datum origin.  LUZON DATUM OF 1911 BRIEF BACKGROUND © ulongbeach.com The Luzon Datum of 1911 was defined by Station Balanacan as datum origin, using the station’s astronomic latitude, longitude, and azimuth to Station Baltazar and Clarke 1866 as reference ellipsoid. Balanacan station has the following description: LATITUDE LONGITUDE COORDINATES 13° 33‘ 41.000“ N 121° 52‘ 03.000“ E Original Luzon Datum of 1911 Marker  LUZON DATUM OF 1911 BRIEF BACKGROUND © ulongbeach.com Balanacan Station Description: Station mark is the center of a hole 1.5 cm in diameter and 6 cm deep, drilled at the center of a triangle 16 cm on a side, cut in a © google images hard rock. Original Luzon Datum of 1911 Marker  LUZON DATUM OF 1911 BRIEF BACKGROUND © ulongbeach.com Mr. O.W. Ferguson established both stations with Mr. H.D. King as chief-of-party. Thus, a geodetic station is said to be in the Luzon Datum if it is connected by continuous triangulation from the Station Balanacan. The Philippine Geodetic Network (PGN), developed until 1946, consisted of narrow chains of 2nd order triangulation stations concentrated along the coastal areas for topographic and hydrographic surveys. Original Luzon Datum of 1911 Marker  LUZON DATUM OF 1911 BRIEF BACKGROUND © ulongbeach.com The PGN was upgraded into the Philippine Reference System of 1992 (PRS92) through an Australian assisted project from 1988 to 1991. To date, the Station Balanacan is the datum origin. Original Luzon Datum of 1911 Marker LUZON DATUM OF 1911 BRIEF BACKGROUND During the development of PRS92 from 1987 to 1991, a total of 360 (332 1st order, 17 2nd Order, 11 Third Order) GPS stations were established. Of these stations, 69 were common to the primary triangulation network stations defined with the old Luzon datum. TRIANGULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES TRIANGULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES TRIANGULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES TRIANGULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES PAGeNet Overview The Philippine Active Geodetic Network (PAGeNet) is a network of permanently- installed, continuously operating geodetic reference stations that utilize signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to provide real-time, high-precision geographic position data to users via the Internet. Data from the network may be used in a wide array of applications such as surveying, mapping, navigation, crustal deformation studies, and meteorology. Source: https://pagenet.namria.gov.ph/AGN/AboutPAGeNet.aspx PAGeNet Overview Active Geodetic Station - The AGS are permanent GNSS stations of the PAGeNet that receive satellite signals twenty-four (24) hours a day for precise determination of geographic position (latitude, longitude and height). Source: https://pagenet.namria.gov.ph/AGN/AboutPAGeNet.aspx Source: https://pagenet.namria.gov.ph/AGN/AboutPAGeNet.aspx PAGeNet Stations as of December 2023 Source: https://www.geoportal.gov.ph/ Reference Systems in the Philippines Reference Systems in the Philippines Historical Perspective Philippine Reference System of 1992 Luzon Datum (Modified Luzon Datum) (Luzon Datum of 1911) PRS92 Geodetic Control Network Triangulation Network of the Philippines  Historical Perspective – The Luzon Datum Reference ellipsoid: © ulongbeach.com Clarke Spheroid of 1866 Semi‐major axis, a = 6,378,206.4 Semi‐minor axis, b = 6,356,583.8 Flattening, f = 1/294.98 Datum Origin: Fort Balanacan, Marinduque Island Latitude: 13˚33’41‘’N Longitude: 121˚52’03‘’ E Reference direction (from the south): To station Baltazar is: α0 = 009° 12’ 37.000” Original Luzon Datum of 1911 Marker  Historical Perspective – The Luzon Datum THE Luzon Datum of 1911 © ulongbeach.com Triangulation Published accuracy: Modified 2nd- Order Not homogeneous Baseline: 1/100,000 Non-geocentric, static Static Datum-coordinates are fixed at a reference epoch. If points are re-observed over time, new coordinates deviate from original values. Original Luzon Datum of 1911 Marker THE PHILIPPINE REFERENCE SYSTEM OF 1992 (PRS92) The Philippine Reference System of 1992 (PRS92) is a network of geodetic control points established by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that became the standard reference system for all surveying and mapping activities of the archipelagic nation in 1993. Source: “Research and Development in Support of the Implementation of the Philippine Reference System of 1992: Results and Recommendations” by Enrico C. PARINGIT, Diony A. VENTURA, Jose Galo P. ISADA, Philippines THE PHILIPPINE REFERENCE SYSTEM OF 1992 (PRS92) The Philippine Reference System of 1992 (PRS- 92) is the new reference system for all surveys and maps in the country pursuant to Executive Order Number 45 dated 5 January 1992. It is also known as the Philippine Plane Coordinate System-Transverse Mercator/Philippine Reference System of 1992 (PPCS-TM/PRS-92) to distinguish it from the PPCS of 1965. A transition period up to the year 2000 is allowed in order to integrate existing surveys into the system after which the PRS-92 shall be recognized as the sole reference. THE PHILIPPINE REFERENCE SYSTEM OF 1992 (PRS92) Modified Luzon Datum Retained original coordinates and orientation of origin Geoid‐Spheroid separation = 0.34m PRS92 geodetic control network established using GPS technology Transformation parameters relating the GPS datum to the local horizontal geodetic system THE PHILIPPINE REFERENCE SYSTEM OF 1992 (PRS92) Satellite-based (GPS) Published accuracy: 1st-Order: 1/100,000 More homogeneous than Luzon 1911 Non-geocentric, static datum  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC THE PHILIPPINE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM The Philippine Plane Coordinate System The Philippine Plane Coordinate System In the context of Land Surveying in the Philippines, there were three (3) coordinate systems used, namely: Local Plane Coordinate System (LPCS) Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator / Luzon 1911 (PPCS-TM/Luzon 1911) Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator / Philippine Reference System of 1992 (PPCS- TM / PRS92) Local Plane Coordinate System A floating coordinate system which uses a plane surface having a floating origin. (usually BLLM No.1 of the cadastral case or project) assigning and 20,000 as its grid Northing and Easting respectively. All cadastral surveys and isolated surveys done before 1965 used this coordinate system Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator/ Luzon 1911 Before 1965, all cadastral surveys used LPCS, and since it is a floating coordinate system, connecting cadastral survey outputs of various municipalities became a problem. To provide a unified coordinate system, PPCS-TM/Luzon 1911 was established. It allowed the connection of different Luzon Datum cadastral and isolated surveys in the (Luzon Datum of 1911) Triangulation Network of the Philippines Philippines. Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator/ Luzon 1911 Pursuant to Land Circular No. 64 (June 30, 1965), PPCS-TM/Luzon 1911 was adopted as the Philippine coordinate system. This coordinate system was established from the combined astronomic and triangulation surveys in the Philippines. It provided grid and geographic coordinates based on the Clarke Spheroid of 1866 parameters and the Transverse Mercator Luzon Datum (Luzon Datum of 1911) Projection. Triangulation Network of the Philippines Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator / Philippine Reference System of 1992 PRS92 is a homogeneous national network of geodetic control points (GCPs), marked by survey monuments or mojons, that has been established using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. By virtue of EO 45, it became the standard reference system for all surveying and mapping activities in the Philippines. The order also mandated that all new surveys and maps shall be referred to the new network and all old Philippine Reference System of 1992 surveys shall be integrated into it. (Modified Luzon Datum) PRS92 Geodetic Control Network Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator / Philippine Reference System of 1992 It was a modified version of PPCS-TM/Luzon 1911 and established through GPS surveys all over the country. How is PRS92 implemented? o NAMRIA - establishes 1st and 2nd Order control points o DENR Regional Composite Survey Team (RCST) - establishes 3rd, 4th and other lower order control points. Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator / Philippine Reference System of 1992 CHARACTERISTICS Spheroid: Clarke’s Spheroid of 1866 Projection: Transverse Mercator, in zones of two degrees net width Point of Origin: Intersection of Equator and the Central Meridian of each zone, with a Northing of O meter and an Easting of 500,00 meters Scale factor at the 0.9995 Central Meridian: Philippine Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator / Philippine Reference System of 1992 Zoning: Zone No. Central Meridian Extent of Zone I 117° 116° 00' to 118° 30' II 119° 117° 30' to 120° 30' III 121° 119° 30' to 122° 30' IV 123° 121° 30' to 124:30' V 125° 123° 30' to 127° 00  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY AND ITS STANDARDS AND ACCURACY RECALL!!! Classification of Land Surveys 1. CONTROL SURVEYS - shall refer to the surveys conducted to determine the horizontal and vertical positions of points which will form part of a geodetic network or project controls over an area which will subsequently become the basis in determining the rectangular coordinates in an area. Two Classification of Control Surveys Geodetic Control Survey Project Control Survey Geodetic Control Survey Reference: DMC 2010-13 Chapter I, Article 1, Section 2-28 Definition: - Geodetic Control Survey shall refer to the surveys conducted covering extensive areas which takes into account the curvature and the geoid-spheroidal shape of the earth at sea level for the purpose of establishing basic network of reference points, covering the first and second order controls. (DAO 2007-29) © NAMRIA Geodetic Control Survey Section 2. All Geodetic Control Surveys shall be conducted in the PRS92 using survey- grade GNSS receivers. © https://water.usgs.gov/osw/gps/ © NAMRIA Geodetic Control Survey Procedure © NAMRIA Geodetic Control Survey Procedure DMC 2010-13 Section 3. The conduct of Geodetic Control Survey shall be in accordance with the following conditions: a. Recommendation of the Regional Executive Director (RED). b. Authorized to conduct the survey shall be a licensed GE. c. Survey Order issued by the NAMRIA Administrator. d. Copy of the Contract. NAMRIA Organizational Chart © NAMRIA Organization of the Geodetic Control Survey Party Section 4. The survey party and its component shall be as determined by the Project Contractor or the Chief of Party. 3 basic components: A. Project Main Office - for general supervision, coordination activities, administrative and other related matters. B. Office Operations - for data research, computations, cartographic, and other related activities. C. Field Operations - for reconnaissance, monument setting, observations, and other related activities. o Survey Control Team o Reconnaissance and Monument Recovery Team o Monument Setting Team Geodetic Control Work Plan Section 5. The Work Plan shall be forwarded to the NAMRIA for approval. The approved Work Plan shall form part of the Survey Returns. A. Project Management B. Technical Plan: Plan: Geodetic Control Survey NAMRIA Topographic Map Party Number of control points to Financial Plan be established Equipment Proposed leveling Duration of the project measurement Data Research and Old Monuments Inventory Section 6. The individual status of reference points of previously established Geodetic Control and Project Control Network adjacent to or within the project area shall be researched, evaluated, and verified on the ground. Their corresponding GPPC, both in the Local and in the PPCS, shall be determined. Only stable or undisturbed control or reference points shall be considered in the design of Control Network. (GPPC) Geographic Position and Plane Coordinates Image Source: GEP R3 Data Research and Old Monuments Inventory Their corresponding GPPC, both in the Local and in the PPCS, shall be determined. Only stable or undisturbed control or reference points shall be considered in the design of Control Network. (GPPC) Geographic Position and Plane Coordinates Image Source: GEP R3 Data Research and Old Monuments Inventory Section 7. The following shall be notified in writing before the conduct of the survey, if applicable: a. Provincial Engineer e. Municipal Engineer b. PENRO f. Head of the Field Office c. DPWH District Engineer g. Barangay Chairman d. CENRO h. Lot owner/claimant Section 8. The network of controls covering the project site shall be plotted on the map as mentioned in Section 5.b of this Manual. The network design shall be composed of recovered/new control points and shall serve as guide in the conduct of actual ground survey.  Baseline Length Section 9. The conduct of survey shall start from an established PRS 92 control point and shall end at another PRS 92 control point (check base) for checking purposes. Primary Geodetic Network (First and Second Order) 1st Order - 50 km 2nd Order - 25 km Secondary Geodetic Network (3rd and 4th Order) 3rd Order - 5 km 4th Order - variable (each Barangay shall have at least a pair of Control Points not more than 2 km apart) Designing Network of Controls Section 10. The inter-visibility of stations is not necessary in order to have a good Network Geometry in the GNSS observations. it is necessary that the points selected can be occupied, located in a stable ground and shall not be affected by any construction activities in the near future. Swampy or loose soil areas should be avoided. © NAMRIA Network Design Section 11. In the Network Design, the following shall be considered: a. The terrain and the physiographic features of the project area. b. The availability of old Geodetic Controls. c. Number of GNSS Receivers. More than Three (3) Receivers are sufficient for the purpose. d. Appropriate number and length of observations. These are dependent on the type of receivers (single or dual) to be used and the purpose of the survey. e. See SECTION 25 for other details. © NAMRIA Network Design Condition Section 13. The lines connecting the control points within the network should create closed polygons with the minimum number of sides, such as triangles that will create a rigid network. The Network shall be designed so that all stations or points included therein have at least three (3) known PRS 92 control points. The designed Network should have an adequate amount of redundancy or additional measurement over and beyond the absolute minimum required. The field observations shall be timed when the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) is low. A low PDOP value indicates a higher probability of accuracy. © https://gisgeography.com/ Reconnaissance (1/2) Section 14. Reconnaissance of the area shall be conducted to determine if there are control points that need to be transferred from their proposed sites to strengthen weak geometric figures. During the reconnaissance, the following shall be determined: (a) Accessibility of the proposed locations of the control points. (b) Ground stability of the proposed location. (c) The best route to reach each survey station. (d) Proximity of radio station towers that may possibly disrupt transmission of data and presence of any obstructions above 15° of the horizon. Reconnaissance (2/2) Section 14. Reconnaissance of the area shall be conducted to determine if there are control points that need to be transferred from their proposed sites to strengthen weak geometric figures. During the reconnaissance, the following shall be determined: (e) Estimated travel time between stations. The travel time from the field office to the project site shall also be determined. (f) Actual number of the old control points to be recovered by the survey team and their corresponding status on the ground. (g) The private property owners from whom to obtain the permission to enter the premises Geodetic Control Monuments (1/2) Section 15. The position of reference points shall be in the form of a square base frustum illustrated in Annex III.A.1 of DMC 2010-13 and in accordance with the following standards: (a) Dimension of Survey Control Monuments: Bottom Order of Top Cross Above Below Cross Length Accuracy Section Ground Ground Section First 30 x 30 cm 40 x 40 cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm Second 30 x30 cm 40 x 40cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm Third 25 x 25 cm 35 x 35 cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm Fourth 20 x 20 cm 35 x 35 cm 100 cm 20 cm 80 cm Geodetic Control Monuments (2/2) Section 15. The position of reference points shall be in the form of a square base frustum illustrated in Annex III.A.1 of DMC 2010-13 and in accordance with the following standards: (b) Concrete monuments shall be fabricated w/ reinforced steel bar: 10 mm in diameter for vertical bars. 8 mm in diameter for ties. and satisfying the requirements of class A concrete specifications in the ratio of 1:2:4 or translated into a concrete mixture such as: 1 cubic meter of cement 2 cubic meters of sand 4 cubic meters of gravel Sand and gravel must be clean, free from dust or mud or other organic matter. Markings of Reference Monuments (1/3) Section 16. They shall be marked on top with engraved letters and shall consist of five (5) parts namely: (a) Provincial Code (b) Control Point Number (c) Year Established (d) Order of Accuracy (e) Office or entity that established the Reference Monument. The numbering of control points: 1 to 3000 for those established by NAMRIA 3001 and so forth for LMB/LMS and other entities. Markings of Reference Monuments (2/3) To avoid duplication of numbers, the establishing entity shall coordinate: NAMRIA LMS Regional Office 1st and 2nd order Control 3rd and 4th order Control Points Points The LMS shall furnish the data to LMB on the established control points for the updating of the Reference Points National Database. Markings of Reference Monuments (3/3) All the letters and numbers shall be: Arial Bold in font type all capital 2.5 cm in height 2 cm in width 0.4 cm in thickness margins not less than 2 cm. along the edge of the monument. It should bear the mark “GOV PROP” which stands for government property. Selection of Location for Establishing Reference Monuments (1/2) Section 17. The following shall be considered in selecting location for establishing the monuments: a. The spot shall be readily identifiable and easy to find. b. It shall provide the most stable ground and has considerable distance from shorelines, riverbanks, ravines, ditches, etc. to prevent its displacement in case of landslide, erosion or rising of water level. © NAMRIA Selection of Location for Establishing Reference Monuments (2/2) Section 17. The following shall be considered in selecting location for establishing the monuments: c. The monuments shall be located in an area with a safe distance from the road, a right of way or from the proposed expansion or road widening where it is likely to be subjected to damage, disturbance or obliteration in the future. d. The nature of soil shall be observed so that the required depth below the ground and the length exposed above the ground can be determined. e. The priority area shall be a government-owned land wherein the accessibility and the security of the monument can be assured. © NAMRIA Identification of Control Point (1/3) Section 18. The control point shall be identified by its complete geographic position which shall be expressed in latitude, longitude and elevation. In order to easily locate the site, the following data shall be recorded for every established monument: (a) General location with respect to Island and province, distances and directions from the larger towns or other well-known and easily found features. (b) Location with respect to local features, namely settlements, poblacion, highways, topographic features such as bodies of water and prominent ground forms, etc. Identification of Control Point (2/3) Section 18. The control point shall be identified by its complete geographic position which shall be expressed in latitude, longitude and elevation. In order to easily locate the site, the following data shall be recorded for every established monument: (c) Land ownership, whether consent of the owner has been obtained to establish the station through a special agreement. The Reconnaissance Team should obtain permission to enter upon private property, if there is a necessity to establish a station therein. (d) Direction for reaching the station starting from sizeable towns, adequately describing roads and junctions, stating mileages, and including descriptions of alternate routes, if advisable. Identification of Control Point (3/3) Section 18. The control point shall be identified by its complete geographic position which shall be expressed in latitude, longitude and elevation. In order to easily locate the site, the following data shall be recorded for every established monument: e. Detailed location with respect to roads, fence lines, buildings, etc. including directions and paced or measured distances, notes of special markings. f. Include vicinity and detailed sketch of the monuments. g. Description of the monument including dimensions and inscription. Establishment of Geodetic Control Section 19. The establishment of geodetic control covering the First and Second Order Accuracy shall be done only using a GNSS Receiver. There shall be at least 3 receiver units per survey team. The employment of more than 4 receivers is preferable. © RMS Geoespacial Establishment of Geodetic Control Section 20. The GNSS receivers to be used in the conduct of ground survey shall undergo calibration/testing and registration pursuant to Section 22 of DAO No. 2007-29. a. Minimum specifications - The minimum specifications shall be in accordance with Section 202.g of DMC 2010-13. b. The types of receivers to be used shall depend on the following: RECEIVER BASELINE LENGTH MODE OF POSITIONING Single Frequency Up to 10 km Limited to Static Dual Frequency No limitation Static, Rapid Static, Kinematic, Real-Time Kinematic Section 202.g of DMC 2010-13 © RMS Geoespacial Observation Time and Number of Session Section 24. A minimum of 4 satellites shall be observed with the ff. duration: a. The ff. shall be the observation time and no. of session for Static Mode: Baseline Minimum Interval Types of No. of Length Observation Between Receivers Session (kms) Time Session Single 0-5 1 hr At least 2 Frequency 5-10 2 hrs 30 mins 10-20 1.5 hrs Dual 20-30 2 hrs At least 2 Frequency 30-50 3 hrs 30 mins 50-150 4 hrs Observation Time and Number of Session Section 24. A minimum of 4 satellites shall be observed with the ff. duration: b. The ff. shall be the minimum session length for the Rapid/Fast Static Mode: No. of Satellites Up to 5 kms 5-10 kms 4 20 min 35 min 5 15 min 25 min 6 or more 10 min 20 min © RMS Geoespacial Connection to Existing Controls Section 25. Connection shall be made to control of the same or higher Order of Accuracy with the following number of observations: Minimum Recommended To Achieve Observations Observations 1st Order 3 4 or more 2nd Order 2 3 or more 3rd Order 2 2 © RMS Geoespacial Observation during and after Session Section 27. The following shall be observed during and after the GNSS session in order to prevent loss of data, low data quality, and other blunders which will necessitate field re-observations: a. During the recording session, the observer shall take note of the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) which indicates the geometrical strength of a four or more satellite constellations as it applies to instantaneous point position fixing. The lower the number of the GDOP, the better the geometry for achieving an accurate point position. PDOP – means the Position Dilution of Precision © https://gisgeography.com/ A low PDOP value indicates a higher probability of accuracy. Observation during and after Session Section 27. The following shall be observed during and after the GNSS session in order to prevent loss of data, low data quality, and other blunders which will necessitate field re-observations: b. The data stored inside the receiver shall be downloaded as soon as possible and determine if there is a need to delete previous observed data to avoid overload on the receiver’s memory which could prevent recording of the next session. c. While collecting data, the use of electronic device such as radio, cellphone, laptop, etc. within 10 meters from the GPS Receiver should be avoided. Status of the Old Geodetic Control Points Section 28. The Old Geodetic Control Points shall be included in the Geodetic Network Design pursuant to Sections 6, 11 and 12 of this Manual and shall be observed together with the new control points. Each of the recovered control points shall have both the old PTM (PPCS) and PRS92 coordinates due to the possibility that a number of titled properties are tied to the said monuments. Geodetic Control Accuracy Specifications  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC PROJECT CONTROL SURVEY AND ITS STANDARDS AND ACCURACY Recall: Two Classification of Control Surveys Geodetic Control Survey Project Control Survey Project Control Survey Reference: DMC 2010-13 Chapter I, Article 2, Section 29-52 Definition: - Project Control Survey shall refer to the surveys conducted to establish the positions of points of reference for projects with a limited geographic coverage such as a municipality, a large isolated tract of land, a group settlement, a barangay or group of municipalities, covering primary control (third order), secondary control (fourth order) and tertiary control. (Section 4.b of DAO 2007-29) © NAMRIA Project Control Survey Section 29. Project Control Surveys shall be conducted in order to establish set of reference points for a Cadastral Survey, Public Land Subdivision Survey, Townsite Reservation, and other similar survey projects which cover a whole or a portion of municipality or city, with accuracies belonging to: Primary Control or 3rd Order Geodetic Survey Secondary Control or 4th Order Geodetic Survey Tertiary Control Project Control Survey Procedure Instruments To Be Used The survey instruments to be used are the following: a. An electronic Total Station (ETS), GNSS Receivers, or combined GNSS/ETS. © Topcon Positioning Systems b. If ETS surveying instruments are to be used, the control survey shall be conducted either by traverse, triangulation or any combination thereof, referred from an established PRS 92 reference monument. © MetaconX Designing Network of Controls In a Network Design for field survey using terrestrial (conventional) instruments and techniques, the following shall be considered: 1) The terrain and the physiographic features of the project area. 2) The inter-visibility of stations shall be the primary concern. 3) A minimum of two reference points (three is preferred) should be visible from each control point. 4) The Network triangles should preferably be equilateral. 5) The availability of data on old Geodetic and Project Controls based on records. Also, the leveling data from NAMRIA, if available. 6) The maximum range of the instrument to be used. Project Control Monuments Section 39. The position of reference points shall be defined and marked on the ground by monuments of permanent nature in accordance with the standards set forth in Section 15 of this Manual for the 3rd Order Accuracy. Bottom Order of Top Cross Above Below Cross Length Accuracy Section Ground Ground Section First 30 x 30 cm 40 x 40 cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm Second 30 x30 cm 40 x 40cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm Third 25 x 25 cm 35 x 35 cm 120 cm 20 cm 100 cm Fourth 20 x 20 cm 35 x 35 cm 100 cm 20 cm 80 cm Markings of Reference Monuments Section 40. Reference monuments shall be marked on top with engraved letters and shall consist of five (5) parts namely. Municipality BLLM Number Project Number Office that funded the project Year Established © Land Surveyors United Illustration found in Annex III.A.2 of this Manual © GeoIDEx Markings of Reference Monuments In connection therewith, the following conditions should be taken into consideration: a. The numbering of control points shall be coordinated with the LMS Regional Office concerned. © GeoIDEx b. To avoid duplication of project numbers, the establishing entity through the concerned LMS Office, shall coordinate with: LMB for the cadastral project numbering. LMS for the other survey project © Land Surveyors United numbering (e.g. Pls, Sgs, Ts, etc.). Markings of Reference Monuments c. The name of the office or entity which funded the project shall be inscribed in the monument using only one word. d. All the letters and numbers shall be: © GeoIDEx Arial Bold in font type all capital 2.5 cm in height 2 cm in width 0.4 cm in thickness margins not less than 2 cm. along the © Land Surveyors United edge of the monument. Geographic Position of BLLM No. 1 Section 48. The geographic position of BLLM No. 1 of the survey project shall be derived from the 2nd and 3rd Order geodetic control stations. In the absence of 2nd and 3rd Order geodetic control stations within the distance of 10km from the project boundary, connection of primary precision shall be made to any other point of reference certified by LMB. © Wikimedia Commons Project Control Accuracy Specifications  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC SURVEY SYMBOLS AND ITS USES Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) A. PUBLIC LAND SURVEYS (ORIGINAL) SYMBOLS New Old DESCRIPTION - Rlla Reclaimed Land Lease Application - Tsa Townsite Sales Application Ac Ac Agricultural Colony Ap - Advance Plan approved project As - Advance Survey within project in progress F Fp Free Patent Application Flc Fl, Sh Foreshore Lease Application: Corporation Fld - Foreshore Land Delimitation Fli Fl, Sh Foreshore Lease Application: Individual Gss - Group Settlement Surveys Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) A. PUBLIC LAND SURVEYS (ORIGINAL) SYMBOLS New Old DESCRIPTION H G Homestead Application Lc La, L, E Lease Application, Corporation Li La, L, E Lease Application (Agricultural): Individual Mla - Miscellaneous Lease Application: Corporation Mli Mla Lease Application (Agricultural): Individual Mr Mn Municipal Reservations Msc Msc Miscellaneous Sales Application by Charitable Institution and Corporation Msi Msa Miscellaneous Sales Application: Individual Ng Ig, Ff Insular Government Land or Private Land to be acquired by the (Insular) National Government Nr Ir, In National (or Insular) Reservations Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) A. PUBLIC LAND SURVEYS (ORIGINAL) SYMBOLS New Old DESCRIPTION Pld - Public Land Delimitation Pls - Public Land Subdivision Plsm - Public Land Subdivision Mapping PPls - Photo Public Land Subdivision PPlsm - Photo Public Land Subdivision Mapping Pr Pn Provincial Reservations Rl Rec Reclaimed Land Rs Rs Resurvey Sc Ps Sales Application: Corporation Si Pi Sales Application: Individual Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) A. PUBLIC LAND SURVEYS (ORIGINAL) SYMBOLS New Old DESCRIPTION Tb Kb Townsite Reservation Boundary Ts Ksd Townsite Reservation Subdivision Tsc - Townsite Reservation Subdivision: Corporation Tsi - Townsite Reservation Subdivision: Individual Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13) Survey Symbols (ANNEX I, DMC 2010-13)  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC SIZES OF CONCRETE MONUMENTS A. Control Monuments 1. Geodetic Control Monuments Where: CGY - is the Provincial Code (Cagayan) 3000 - is the Control Point Number 2005 - is the year when the monument established Δ - is the Control Point mark, with any non- corrosive metal such as brass rods or copper nails embedded at the center of the triangle 2nd Order – is the order of accuracy of the monument LMS2 - is the office or entity that established the Reference Point A. Control Monuments Where: 2. Project Control Monuments SN FDO, BKN - is the name of the Municipality and the Province (Municipality of San Fernando) BLLM No. 3 - Bureau of Lands Location Monument Number CAD 542-D - is the Cadastral Project Number Δ - is the Control Point mark, with any non-corrosive metal such as brass rods or copper nails embedded at the center of the triangle BL - is the office or entity that funded the project 1979 - is the year when the monument was established B. Political Boundary Monument 1. Municipal Boundary Monuments Municipal Boundary Monuments Bottom Top Cross Above Below Cross Length Section Ground Ground Section 25 x 25 cm 35 x 35 cm 120 cm 50 cm 70 cm B. Political Boundary Monument 2. Barangay Boundary Monuments © google images C. Standard Lot Corner Monuments © https://realestatedealsph.wordpress.com/ © Cebu Surveying Services D. Mineral Land Survey Monuments 1. Principal Mineral Land Corners Principal Mineral Land Corners Bottom Top Cross Above Below Cross Length Section Ground Ground Section 20 x 20 cm 20 x 20 cm 150 cm 50 cm 100 cm D. Mineral Land Survey Monuments 2. Other Corners of Mineral Land E. Forest Boundary Monuments 1. Permanent Major Boundary Monument Permanent Major Boundary Monument Bottom Top Cross Above Below Cross Length Section Ground Ground Section 30 x 30 cm 70 x 70 cm 180 cm 80 cm 100 cm E. Forest Boundary Monuments 2. Permanent Intermediate Boundary Monument Permanent Intermediate Boundary Monument Bottom Top Cross Above Below Cross Length Section Ground Ground Section 20 x 20 cm 20 x 20 cm 120 cm 50 cm 70 cm E. Forest Boundary Monuments 3. Preliminary Forest Boundary Marking  © Surveying Equipment Metricop LLC SURVEY PLANS AND SKETCH PLANS Survey Plan - shall refer to a two- dimensional map showing the metes and bounds of a surveyed parcel or parcels of land and other pertinent information. - The most important feature of a survey plan is that it displays the legal boundaries of the property, a factor that often gets little regard until a boundary issue arises. Survey Plan A survey plan enables the reader to ascertain: the size and shape of the property the location of rights of ways and easements dimensions and distances to the boundary of houses, sheds, fences, utilities and any features of importance to the landowner the location and description of physical monuments or markers that have been placed to mark the limits of the land Survey Plan Article 34. Section 203 b.1.b of DMC 2010-13 SURVEY PLANS – the drafting film to be used shall be of matt type, 0.03mm thickness, and shall be tested against the effect of drawing ink on the surface and the thickness of the medium which is usually a drafting film. Questions? Final Words © Amazon.com https://metricop.com/ TOPIC 3 GE 108 – PROPERTY SURVEYS Thank you for your attention! POSITION OF SURVEYS Course Instructor: ENGR. MARIA BELINDA D. CAMPANA Department of Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering and Geosciences, Caraga State University References:  “Modernization of the Philippine Geodetic Reference System” by Engr. Charisma Victoria de la Cruz-Cayapan, Engineer III, Mapping and Geodesy Branch of the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority  ‘‘ About PAGeNet ’’ available at: https://pagenet.namria.gov.ph/AGN/AboutPAGeNet.aspx  “Research and Development in Support of the Implementation of the Philippine Reference System of 1992: Results and Recommendations” by: Enrico C. PARINGIT, Diony A. VENTURA, Jose Galo P. ISADA, Philippines  DAO 2007-29  DMC 2010-13