Floor Finishes (ARC 316) - Covenant University PDF

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www.covenantuniversity.edu.ng Raising a new Generation of Leaders ALPHA SEMESTER 2022/2023 SESSION. COURSE COMPACT: ARC 316– BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III: FLOOR FINISHES Course Lecturer: DR. B.A. ADEWALE & ARC. O.C. ADETORO Department of Architecture, College of Science & Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.  Module 1 ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - II ❑FLOORS FLOOR FINISHES 2  Floors ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - II ❑ INTRODUCTION ▪ While building houses it is important to take care of the exterior as well as interior of the building as occupants encourage having beautiful surroundings to enlighten their home. Along with wall finishes many occupants also refer various floor finishes to increase the aesthetics of their home. Floor finishes are upper part of the concrete slabs mainly covering the floors. There are various types of floor finishes which will be discussed here. Choosing the right kind of flooring is essential as to know which floor is preferable in what type of weather conditions. Like for instance, concrete or marble flooring can’t be used in cold weather conditions as it will make lower the temperature of the house more. So, in this case wood flooring is preferred as it helps to maintain a warmer temperature inside the house compared to outdoor temperature. All these will be discussed in details 3  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - II TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES ❑SCREED ❑CONCRETE ❑TILES ❑WOOD 4  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III A floor screed is usually a cementitious material made from a 1:3 or 1:4.5 ratio of cement to sharp sand. It may be applied onto either a solid in-situ concrete ground floor slab or onto a precast concrete floor unit. There are many proprietary screeds on the market and information about these can be obtained from the manufacturer. 5  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III A floor screed is usually a cementitious material made from a 1:3 or 1:4.5 ratio of cement to sharp sand. It may be applied onto either a solid in-situ concrete ground floor slab or onto a precast concrete floor unit. There are many proprietary screeds on the market and information about these can be obtained from the manufacturer. The screed may be directly bonded to the base, or laid un-bonded onto a suitable damp proof membrane which is placed over the slab. Alternatively it may be applied as a floating finish over a layer of rigid insulation material. This application is suitable for use with cast-in water pipes to provide underfloor heating. If reinforcement is required, this can either be in the form of a fine metal mesh, fibres which are normally polypropylene or a fine glass mesh 6  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III The screed may be left as finished, or floated to produce a smooth surface on which to lay the specified flooring or finish. Ready-mixed sand and cement screeds that are factory-mixed and then delivered to site offer additional quality assurance over site-mixed screeds and offer a more consistent material. Some manufacturers provide pumpable flowing screeds which can achieve very level finishes. Most of these screeds are anhydrite compounds and are based on a calcium sulphate binder. They are quicker to apply than a traditional sand and cement screed and may be applied to a minimum thickness of 25mm if bonded, 30mm if unbonded, or 35mm if a floating finish is required. They can also be used in conjunction with underfloor heating systems where a minimum 30mm cover to the pipes is needed. 7  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III PURPOSE OF A SCREED To provide a level surface or substrate on which a floor finish can be applied. If its to be laid over large area, it could be laid in bays or strips. Screed should not have too much water as it would slump. 8  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III Types of screed 1. Bonded screed: this is when you lay a screed within 3 hours of placing concrete so that the two will bond and harden together. For this monolithic construction of screed, a thickness of 12mm will suffice. A retarder may be sprayed on the concrete in order to slow down drying and thereby slow down drying of the screed. 9  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III Types of screed 2. Semi-bonded screed: a screed laid on a concrete base that has set and hardened should be at least 40mm thick. The surface of the concrete is hacked mechanically, cleaned, dampened, covered by a clean grout, or wet mix of water and cement before the screed is laid. With the good bond to the concrete base and 40mm thick screed, the drying would e slow and cracks minimized. It could be reinforced with light mesh. 10  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III Types of screed 3. Un-bonded screed/floating floor A screed laid on a layer of sound insulating material 65mm thickness for domestic building; 75mm for other buildings Mix ratio of 1:3. the lower the proportion of cement to sand, the lower the rate of shrinkage. 11  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III Types of screed 3. Un-bonded screed/floating floor A screed laid on a layer of sound insulating material 65mm thickness for domestic building; 75mm for other buildings Mix ratio of 1:3. the lower the proportion of cement to sand, the lower the rate of shrinkage. 12  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III CONCRETE FLOORS PREFERED IN HOT WEATHER IT IS CHEAP CAN WITHSTAND LARGE LOAD EASY TO INSTALL RESISTANT TO INSECT ATTACK LIABLE TO CRACKS MIX RATIO 1:2:4 CAN BE DONE IN BAYS IF THE FLOOR AREA IS WIDE 13  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III 14  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III WOODEN FLOORS PREFERED IN COLD WEATHER AS IT IS A BAD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT PERFECT FOR DRY CONDITION RECYCLABLE EASILY DISMOUNTABLE SUSCEPTIBLE TO TERMITE ATTACK FINISH: SATIN DURABILITY: 5-6 YEARS USAGE: BEDROOMS AND STAIRS 15  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III WOODEN FLOORS 16  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III PVC OR VINYL FLOORS TYPES: ROLLS OR TILES FINISH: MATT DURABILITY:5-6 YEARS USAGE: KITCHEN NON-SLIPPERY DURABLE OFFERS TEMPERATURE STABILITY SCRATCH RESISTANT WATERPROOF COST EFFECTIVE GOOD SOUND ABSORER FOR GOOD ACOUSTICS DIFFICULT TO CLEAN FOOT IMPRESSION AFTER LONG PERIOD OF USE. 17  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III PVC OR VINYL FLOORS 18  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES CERAMICS PORCELAIN GLASS MARBLE MOSAIC GRANITE LIMESTONE QUARRY 19  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES CERAMICS USED IN KITCHEN AND BATHROOMS DURABLE EASY MAINTENANCE VARIOUS SHAPES AND COLOURS SCRATCH AND DENT PROOF CAN WITHSTAND WET CONDITION DIFFICULT TO INSTALL BRITTLE GROUT GETS FILLED UP WITH DUST GLAZED (40% CLAY AND 60% SILICA TO BECOME VITRIFIED) OR UNGLAZED (CLAY AND WATER) GLOSSY FINISH 10-15 YEARS DURABILITY SIZE: 150X150MM; 200X200MM; 300X300MM THICKNESS:7MM BED: CEMENT MORTAR(1:4) THICKNESS OF BEDDING: 10MM 20  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES CERAMICS 21  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES PORCELAIN EMULATES NATURAL STONE, BRICK OR WOOD LOW MAINTENANCE USED FOR OUTDOOR AND INDOOR (KITCHEN AND HIGH-TRAFFIC AREAS) DOESN’T FADE OR CRACK TRICKY INSTALLATION 22  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES PORCELAIN 23  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES PORCELAIN: SIZES 75×75 cm (30×30 inch) 60×60 cm (24×24 inch) 45×90 cm (18×36 inch) 45×45 cm (18×18 inch) 37,5×75 cm (15×30 inch) 30×60 cm (12×24 inch) 30×30 cm (12×12 inch) 15×15 cm (6×6 inch) 24  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES STONE USED IN BASEMENT, GARAGES, HOSPITALS, PARKS, AIRPORTS, RAILWAY SATIONS UNDERLAY:1:1:2 TYPES: LIMESTONES, SANDSTONES, QUARTZITES, PEBBLES GREAT STRENGTH SUITABLE FOR ANY WEATHER FINISHES: NATURAL AND POLISHED 25  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES SANDSTONE PERFECT FINISH HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH BREAKAGE RESISTANT DURABLE IN SLAB FORM NATURAL FINISHING OR POLISHED SIZES: 30X30CM; 40X40CM; 60X30CM; 60X40CM; 90X30CM; 90X60CM THICKNESS: 10-20MM MADE OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK WHICH HAS SANDLIKE ROCKS AND MATERIALS 26  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES SANDSTONE 27  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES LIMESTONE NATURAL STONE EASY TO SHAPE NOT EASY TO CLEAN RICH APPEARANCE AND COLOUR USE FOR OUTDOORS CONTAINS CALCITE WHICH MAKES IT STRONGER THAN SANDSTONE 28  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III LIMESTONE 29  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES QUARRY STONE MADE FROM GROUND MINERALS LIKE CLAY AND SHALE FIRED AT 2000 DEGREE CELCIUS AFTER GRINDING DENSE, NON-POROUS WATER RESISTANT BECAUSE OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE GLAZED OR NATURAL DURABLE SUSCEPTIBLE TO STAINING NOT RECOMMENDED FOR KITCHEN BECAUSE OF STAIN SLIP-RESISTANT USE FOR HIGH-TRAFFIC AREAS 30  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES QUARRY STONE 31  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES QUARZITES FIREPROOF NON-SLIPPERY NATURAL OR POLISHED FINISHING SIZES: 30X30CM; 40X40CM; 60X30CM; 60X40CM THICKNESS: 10-15MM EXTERIOR 32  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES QUARZITES 33  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES PEBBLESTONES AN AGGREGATE USES: DECORATIVE LANDSCAPING, PONDS, PARKS, GARDENS, OPEN AIR THEATRE THICKNESS: 15-30MM; 25-50MM; 50-100MM FINISHES: NATURAL FORMS: ROUND, FLAT, OVAL THICKNESS: 15MM DIAMETER 34  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES PEBBLESTONES 35  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES MARBLE SLIPPERY SATIN FINISH DURABILITY: 25 YEARS CAN BE DAMAGED BY CHEMICALS COSTLY ELEGANT TEXTURED REQUIRES MAINTENANCE SUSCEPTIBLE TO STAINS AND SCRATCHES DIFFICULT TO CLEAN LOW TRAFFIC AREAS USE IN SMALL APPLICATION BECAUSE OF COST. 36  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES MARBLE 37  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES GRANITE VARIOUS COLOURS POLISHED GLOSSY FINISH LAST A LIFETIME USED IN KITCHENS, LAUNDRIES 38  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES GRANITE 39  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES MOSAIC DIFFERENT SHAPES, SIZES AND COLOURS Mosaic tiles are more of a style than a material. Any type of tile, ceramic, porcelain, stone, or glass can be arranged in a mosaic pattern. The tiles are typically small for the greatest impact with the design. The materials can also be mixed, such as porcelain tile with glass tile accents to add more dimensional depth and style to the mosaic pattern. There are limitless colors, patterns, and designs to create with a mosaic technique. 40  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES MOSAIC Today, many mosaic flooring patterns are pre-made and connected to a mesh backing for easy installation. They can come in rectangular, square, or hexagonal shapes and are adhered to the floor or other application with thin-set mortar. The tile sheets can be cut to size to fit into flooring or wall spaces that may have unique architectural angles. 41  Floors Contd. ARC316– BUILDING COMPONENTS & METHODS - III TILES MOSAIC 42