FITT 3 Dance Handout PDF

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND Dance is an expression of an intensified sense of life, arising from an inner perception that...

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND Dance is an expression of an intensified sense of life, arising from an inner perception that stimulates both mind and body. It is man’s natural and primitive means of expression. The rhythmical movement of the body usually with music. To express an idea or emotion To narrate a story To enjoy and take pleasure in the movement itself It is a both an art and a form of recreation. ART- it may tell a story, set a mood, or express an emotion. Form of recreation- it provides fun, relaxation, companionship. MOVEMENT defined as a change of position in space. It is governed with mechanical principles that limit the ability of individuals to move effectively and efficiently. RHYTHM is a measured motion or flow, characterized basically by recurrence of elements or features as beats, sounds or accents. DANCE involves a successive group of bodily movements and steps rhythmically performs and timed to music. In other study, the word “dance” comes from the Latin word “danson” which means to stretch. Thus, simple analysis of term “sayaw” which easily lead to one that it must have derived from the word “saya” which means happy. PURPOSE OF DANCING FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 1 DANCE  CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES AND DANCE From the earliest moments of known human history, dance accompanied ancient rituals, spiritual gatherings and social events. As a conduit of trance, spiritual force, pleasure, expression, performance and interaction, dance became infused into our nature from the earliest moments of our existence - from the moment when first African tribes covered themselves in war-paint to the to the spreading of music and dance across all four corners of the world. Without a doubt, dancing remains one of the most expressive forms of communications that we know. The oldest proof of existence of dancing comes from the 9000-year-old cave paintings that were found in India, which depicts various scenes of hunting, childbirth, religious rites, burials and most importantly, communal drinking and dancing. Since dancing itself cannot leave clearly identifiable archeological artifacts that can be found today, scientist looked for secondary clues, written word, stone carvings, paintings and similar artifacts. Period when dancing became widespread can be traced to the third millennia BC, when Egyptians started using dance as integral parts of their religious ceremonies. Judging by the many tomb paintings that survived the tooth of time, Egyptian priests used musical instruments and dancers to mimic important events - stories of gods and cosmic patterns of moving stars and sun. Art and religion were the most serious concerns of primitive civilizations. Their art concerns were mainly for source of food and how to increase its supply. Although unaware of it, they made use the art of hunting, fishing and other way of life. Religion in this matter, regards their beliefs in the supernatural beings that governs their fate. To express their feelings they create rhythmic movements by stamping, shaking their arms, legs and body. The History of Dancing in Philippines (www.sutori.com) 2 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF DANCE EDUCATION Through dance, students learn teamwork, focus, and improvisational skills. Dance awakens new perceptions in children which help them learn and think in new ways. DANCE ELEMENTS The elements of dance are the foundational concepts and vocabulary that help students develop movement skills and understand dance as an artistic practice. 1. Theme – the content or the main ingredients of a dance. Message of the dance. 2. Design – pattern of movement in time and space. 3. Movement – steps, gestures, facial expressions. 4. Technique – skills in executing movement. 5. Music – auditory background to which a dancer moves. 6. Costumes and Properties – worn by the dancer that help reflect the message, customs, beliefs and setting of the dance. 7. Choreography- forms and arrangement of a dance. 8. Scenery – the setting background establishing the place of action of any dance. MOVEMENT defined as a change of position in space. It is governed with mechanical principles that limit the ability of individuals to move effectively and efficiently. FACTORS THAT AFFECT MOVEMENT Psychological Factor Phenomena such as fear, anxiety and others affect the movement either positive or negative. All those may somehow affect the performance of an individual. Physiological Factor Physical Fitness and body built are two main concerns that effect the human movement. Poor muscle development and low fitness level will surely affect the movement. Sociological Factor These refer to the relationship of the performer to the group regarding social conformity and norms. 3 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE  CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TWO BASIC DIVISIONS OF MOVEMENT A. Locomotor Movement - It simply defined as the movement in space as one goes from one place to another. These are: gallop run hop skip jump slide/shuffle leap stamping marching walk (high level, low level) mincing - For further understanding of locomotor movement, see the suggested video clip given in a link: https://youtu.be/ihLANO-7Wpk Walk – a regular pace of the feet. A simple transfer of the weight from one foot to the other. Run – a fast walk or an increased speed in walking by lifting the foot off the contact floor or ground Hop – with the weight of the body on one foot spring on that foot. Leap – with the weight of the body on one foot, spring on one foot and land on the other foot. Slide – a full contact of the foot on the floor by gliding or a slide. Gallop – a combination of a step (full transfer of weight on one foot) and a cut by the transfer of weight to the other foot. Skip – a combination of a step and a hop on a fast tempo. B. Non – locomotor Movement or Axial Movement - It is defined as the movement done in a stationary or fixed base. These are: Extension – straightening or stretching of a body part from a joint. Flexion – a contraction or shortening of body parts from a joint. Rotation – turning, twisting or circling around the axis. Pendular – a similar movement of a pendulum. Percussive – movement of striking, hitting, pulling, or pushing. Vibratory – the shaking of the parts or beating movements that produces vibrating. Sustained – a smooth flowing movement contained in a balanced position. 4 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TYPES OF BODY MOVEMENT flexion and extension abduction and adduction rotation MOVEMENT SPACE 1. PERSONAL SPACE is your immediate space you take up within the general space. 2. GENERAL SPACE is the space within our boundaries ELEMENTS OF SPACE 1. DIRECTION- this refers to the movement forward, backward, upward, downward, sideways right and left, circular and combination of all these. 2. LEVEL- As the body moves in horizontal plane it creates movement identified as high, medium/middle and low. It may be represented in relative heights while standing, sitting, lying and kneeling. 3 kinds: High level Middle level Low level 3. RANGE- The maximum reach of an individual or sometimes referred to as personal space of the size of movement. 4. PATHWAYS OR SPACE DESIGN- The line of design created in space as one moves. Example an arm circling (circle design is created) or a line drawn from running to the first base in softball. 5. FOCUS- This is referred to as movement in space in relation to an object or a person’s attention or direction. 5 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS OF ARMS AND FEET 1ST POSITION Arm Position Feet Position Raised arms to a circle in front of thechest. Bring heels close to touch, toes apart. 2nd POSITION Arms Position Feet Position Open up arms sideward, raised below Bring feet apartsideward. shoulder level with a graceful curve. 3rd POSITION Arm Position Feet Position Raise one arm overhead while other Bring the heel of one foot to touch the arm remains in 2nd position. instep of the other foot. 6 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND 4th POSITION Arm Position Feet Position Raise one arm in front of chest in a half Bring one foot in front of the other foot circle, while one arm remains overhead. to walk strike. 5th POSITION Arm Position Feet Position Raise both arms overhead in a graceful Bring the heel of one foot to touch the curve. toe of the other. Note: Lead with the back of your hands when doing the arm position The weight of the body should always be distributed on both feet and keep the toes pointing outward. For further understanding see the video clip suggested: https://youtu.be/seRAuHfuWII 7 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND DANCE FORMS 1. CLASSICAL DANCE Dances with standardized rules and restrictions. It can be religious related dance or for court and royal entertainment. 2. MODERN CONTEMPORARY BALLET Contemporary ballet is a form of dance which incorporates elements of both classical ballet and m o d e r n dance. It takes its technique and use of po o i n t work from classical ballet, although it permits a greater range of movement that may not adhere to the strict body lines set forth by schools of ballet technique. Many of its concepts come from the ideas and innovations of 20th century modern dance, including floor work, balletic movements and turn-in of the legs. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pn0eu51DvOI Classical Ballet A dance of supreme standards learned from an academe. This originated from taly from the world ballo meaning to dance and flourished in the royal court of France. Modern Dance Contemporary Dance A deviation from the principles of This is a combination of ballet and classical ballet developed by Isadora modern dance whereby it, uses the Duncan. She believed in the principle varied medium of other dance forms of naturalness and true expression of like folk, ethnic, or tribal dance. the human body and soul. 3. FOLKDANCE - a cultural art form handed down from generation to generations. It can communicate the customs, beliefs and rituals occupation of a region or country. Considered as the “Mother of Philippine Folk Dances” for her untiring efforts in collecting, compiling, and propagating folk dances, and for her soutstanding contribution to the advancement of Filipino culture in the field of dance In 1973, President Marcos gave Dr. Reyes Aquino the National Artist for Dance Award COMMON DANCE STEP IN FOLKDANCE CHANGE STEP Video clip: STEP, CLOSE, MODERATE https://youtu.be/XdDBKHlQkAk STEP WALTZ Video clip: STEP, CLOSE, SLOW https://youtu.be/fwcTmBTnPXg STEP POLKA Video clip: STEP, CLOSE, MODERATE FAST https://youtu.be/emTydO9gdrw STEP 8 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND 4. ETHNIC AND TRIBAL DANCE A dance particularly found in a group of p people living together in a locality with common beliefs and customs. See the video clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYnht4cX7Ww&t=46s 5. NATIONAL DANCE Refers to the type of folkdance found most widely done through a specific country. Good examples are Tinikling or Cariñosa from Philippines. See the video clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow85T4gk8yY&feature=youtu.be Balitaw Cariñosa Kuratsa Pandanggo Rigodon Surtido 9 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND 6. NATURAL DANCING Refers to the type of dance, which makes use of the basic movement, the locomotor movement and the axial movement. It is your natural movement of your body. Some of the examples are free style dance, non-choreography, just moving your body to music. 7. CREATIVE DANCE Highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment. See the video clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tJD32QBEb0 8. SOCIAL AND BALLROOM DANCE - Dance set in a social gathering with more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. 9. RECREATIONAL DANCE Includes dance mixer, square dancing and round and round and couple dances. See the video clip: https://youtu.be/SUH9Zn3_IzI 10. POPULAR DANCE Highly recognized as a dance form in television and other dance centers like disco houses and social gatherings. See the video clip: https://youtu.be/SUH9Zn3_IzI 10 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND 11 Department of Service Physical Education FITT 3: Physical Activities Towards Health and Fitness 1 DANCE