SSC MTS Exam Study Material PDF

SSC MTS Exam S t u d y M a t e r i a l f o r Genral Awareness  SPACE AND NUCLEAR PROGRAM OF INDIA Indian Space Program Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was set up by the Government of India in 1962. INCOSPAR grew and became ISRO in 1969. India...

SSC MTS Exam S t u d y M a t e r i a l f o r Genral Awareness  SPACE AND NUCLEAR PROGRAM OF INDIA Indian Space Program Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was set up by the Government of India in 1962. INCOSPAR grew and became ISRO in 1969. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) founded on 15 August 1969 to develop an independent Indian space program. Its headquarters are in Bangalore. In 1972, Government of India had setup a Space Commission and the Department of Space (DOS), bringing ISRO under the Department of Space DOS. India's first satellite Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 1975. Antrix Corporation – The marketing arm of ISRO, Bengaluru. Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle SLV-3 in 1980. Launch Vehicles Launcher or Launch Vehicles are used to carry spacecraft to space. India has two operational launchers: o Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) o Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle was developed to launch Low Earth Orbit satellites into Polar and Sun Synchronous Orbits. PSLV earned its title 'the Workhorse of ISRO' through consistently delivering various satellites to Low Earth Orbits, particularly the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) series of satellites. The maximum number of satellites launched by the PSLV in a single launch is 104, in the PSLV-C37 launch on 15 February 2017. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle was developed to launch the heavier INSAT class of geosynchronous satellites into orbit. GSLV-Mk III is a launch vehicle capable to launch four-tonne satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbit Satellite Programs India's first satellite the Aryabhata was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975 using a Cosmos-3M launch vehicle. The INSAT series The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites built and launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology and search-and-rescue needs of India. The IRS Series  The Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth observation satellites, built, launched and maintained by ISRO. South Asia Satellite The South Asia Satellite (GSAT-9) is a geosynchronous communications satellite by ISRO for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. The satellite was launched on 5 May 2017. IRNSS Satellite Navigation System (NAVIC) IRNSS with an operational name NAVIC is an independent regional navigation satellite system developed by India. It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its borders. Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) It is India's first interplanetary mission. Mangalyaan launched on November 5, 2013, by PSLV-C25 got inserted into Martian orbit on September 24, 2014, in its first attempt. India is the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit and the first nation in the world to do so on its maiden attempt. Lunar Missions of India S.No. Mission Name Remarks Chandrayaan-1 was India's first mission to Moon. 1 It was launched successfully on October 22, 2008, Chandrayaan-1 from Sriharikota. Launch Vehicle: PSLV - C11 Chandrayaan-2 is the second lunar exploration mission developed by ISRO. 2 Launch Vehicle: GSLV Mk-III Chandrayaan-2 The spacecraft was launched on its mission to the Moon from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh on 22 July 2019. Planned mission 3 Chandrayaan-3 This Mission is a repeat of Chandrayaan-2 with lander, rover, and a propulsion module to attempt a soft landing of the lunar surface. Gaganyaan Mission Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the basis of the Indian  Human Spaceflight Programme. The Gaganyaan spacecraft is being designed able to carry three people. The Gaganyaan is planned to be launched on ISRO's GSLV Mk III in December 2021. Russia will train the Indian astronauts for the Gaganyaan mission. Launch Vehicle: GSLV Mk-III Project Director of Gaganyaan: Shri R Hutton Other Planned missions S.No. Mission Name Remarks 1 Aditya- L1 Aditya- L1 is the India's first solar mission. It is planned to be launched by the end of 2020. Shukrayaan-1 is a proposed orbiter to Venus by 2 Shukrayaan-1 the ISRO to study the surface and atmosphere of Venus. Mangalyaan-2 is India's second interplanetary 3 Mangalyaan -2 mission planned for launch to Mars by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) 4 NISAR mission is a joint project between NASA and ISRO. The satellite will be the first radar imaging satellite to use dual frequencies. List of Important Mission of ISRO S.No. Name of the Spacecraft Launch Vehicle Launch Date 1 Aryabhata C-1 Intercosmos Apr 19, 1975 2 Bhaskara-I C-1 Intercosmos Jun 07, 1979 3 Rohini Satellite RS-1 SLV-3E2 Jul 18, 1980 4 EDUSAT GSLV-F01 Sep 20, 2004 5 CARTOSAT-1 PSLV-C6 May 05, 2005 6 CARTOSAT-2 PSLV-C7 Jan 10, 2007 7 Chandrayaan-1 PSLV-C11 Oct 22, 2008 8 SARAL PSLV-C20 Feb 25, 2013 9 IRNSS-1A PSLV-C22 Jul 01, 2013 10 Mars Orbiter Mission PSLV-C25 Nov 05, 2013 Spacecraft  11 IRNSS-1B PSLV-C24 Apr 04, 2014 12 IRNSS-1C PSLV-C26 Oct 16, 2014 13 IRNSS-1D PSLV-C27 Mar 28, 2015 14 IRNSS-1E PSLV-C31 Jan 20, 2016 15 IRNSS-1F PSLV-C32 Mar 10, 2016 16 IRNSS-1G PSLV-C33 Apr 28, 2016 17 IRNSS-1H PSLV-C39 Aug 31, 2017 18 IRNSS-1I PSLV-C41 Apr 12, 2018 19 GSAT-11 Mission Ariane-5 VA-246 Dec 05, 2018 20 GSAT-7A GSLV-F11 Dec 19, 2018 21 Microsat-R PSLV-C44 Jan 24, 2019 22 GSAT-31 Ariane-5 VA-247 Feb 06, 2019 23 EMISAT PSLV-C45 Apr 01, 2019 24 RISAT-2B PSLV-C46 May 22, 2019 25 Chandrayaan2 GSLV-Mk III - M1 Jul 22, 2019 26 Cartosat-3 PSLV-C47 Nov 27, 2019 27 RISAT-2BR1 PSLV-C48 Dec 11, 2019 28 GSAT-30 Ariane-5 VA-251 Jan 17, 2020 List of Indian Satellites Indian Satellites Launched Date Purpose India’s first satellite. It was built to gain experience in Aryabhata 19th April 1975 building and operating a satellite in space. First experimental remote sensing satellite. Bhaskar 7th June 1979 Carried TV and microwave cameras. Intended for measuring in-flight performance of first Rohini Technology Payload 10th August 1979 experimental flight of SLV-3, the first Indian launch vehicle. India’s first indigenous satellite Rohini RS-1 18th July 1980 launch.  Conducts remote sensing Rohini RS-D1 31st May 1981 technology studies using a landmark sensor payload. Ariane Passenger Payload First experimental 19th June 1981 Experiment communication satellite. Second experimental remote Bhaskara – II 20th November 1981 sensing satellite. First operational multipurpose INSAT-1A 10th April 1982 communication and meteorology satellite. Rohini RS-D2 17th April 1983 Identical to RS-D1 INSAT-1B 30th August 1983 Earth observation satellite. Carried payload for launch Stretched Rohini Satellite th 24 March 1987 vehicle performance monitoring Series (SROSS-1) and for gamma ray astronomy. First operational remote sensing IRS-1A 17th March 1988 satellite Carried remote sensing payload Stretched Rohini Satellite of German space agency in 13th July 1988 Series (SROSS-2) addition to Gamma Ray Astronomy payload. INSAT- 1C 21st July 1988 Same as INSAT-1A. 1D 12th June 1990 Identical to INSAT-1A. Earth observation satellite. IRS-1B 29th August 1991 Improved version of IRS-1A. It was a communications Satellite, earlier called as INSAT-2DT 26th February 1992 Arabsat. After its retirement, it was placed in the Graveyard orbit. Stretched Rohini Satellite Carried gamma ray astronomy 20th May 1992 Series (SROSS-C) and astronomy payload. First satellite in the th INSAT- 2A 10 July 1992 second-generation Indian-built INSAT-2 series. Second satellite in INSAT-2 INSAT- 2B 23rd July 1993 series. IRS-1E 20th September 1993 Earth observation satellite Stretched Rohini Satellite 4th May 1994 Identical to SROSS-C. Series (SROSS-C2) IRS-P2 15th October 1994 Earth observation satellite  Has an additional capability such as mobile satellite service, INSAT-2C 7th December 1995 business communication and television outreach beyond Indian boundaries. IRS-1C 28th December 1995 Earth observation satellite Carries remote sensing payload st IRS-P3 21 March 1996 and an X-ray astronomy payload. INSAT-2D 4th June 1997 Same as INSAT-2C. IRS-1D 29th September 1997 Earth observation satellite. Multipurpose communication INSAT-2E 3rd April1999 and meteorological satellite. Carries an Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) and a Multi frequency Oceansat-1(IRS-P4) 26th May 1999 Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR). Earth observation satellite. Multipurpose communication: business communication, INSAT-3B 21st March 2000 developmental communication, and mobile communication. Experimental satellite for the first GSAT-1 18th April 2001 developmental flight of Geosynchronous Satellite. Experimental satellite to test technologies such as attitude and Technology Experiment 22nd October 2001 orbit control system, high-torque Satellite (TES) reaction wheels, new reaction control system, etc. Designed to augment the existing INSAT capacity for INSAT-3C 23rd January 2002 communication and broadcasting and provide continuity of the services of INSAT-2C. First meteorological satellite built by ISRO. Originally named Kalpana-1(METSAT) 12th September 2002 METSAT. Renamed after Kalpana Chawla. Multipurpose satellite for communication, broadcasting, INSAT-3A 9th April 2003 and meteorological services along with INSAT-2E and Kalpana-1.  Experimental satellite for the GSAT-2 8th May 2003 second developmental test flight of Geosynchronous Satellite. Communication satellite to INSAT-3E 27th September 2003 augment the existing INSAT System. Earth observation/remote sensing satellite. RESOURCE SAT-1(IRS-P6) 17th October 2003 Intended to supplement and replaceIRS-1C and IRS-1D. India’s first exclusive educational EDUSAT 20th September 2004 satellite. Micro satellite for providing satellite-based amateur radio HAMSAT 5th May 2005 services to the national as well as the international community. Provides stereographic in-orbit CARTOSAT-1 5th May 2005 images with a 2.5-meter resolution. Advanced satellite for INSAT-4A 21st December 2005 direct-to-home television broadcasting services. Geosynchronous INSAT-4C 10th July 2006 communications satellite. Advanced remote sensing satellite carrying a panchromatic CARTOSAT-2 10th January 2007 camera capable of providing scene-specific spot images. Experimental satellite intended to demonstrate the technology Space Capsule Recovery 10th January 2007 of an orbiting platform for Experiment (SRE-1) performing experiments in micro gravity conditions. Augments the INSAT capacity for direct-to-home (DTH) television INSAT-4B 12th March 2007 services and other communications. It carried 12 high-power Ku-band transponders designed to INSAT-4CR 2nd September 2007 provide direct-to-home (DTH) television services. Earth observation/remote CARTOSAT-2A 28th April 2008 sensing satellite. IMS-1 (Third World Low-cost micro satellite imaging 28th April 2008 Satellite – TWsat) mission. Carries 11 scientific instruments Chandrayaan-1 22nd October 2008 built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria.  Radar imaging satellite used to monitor India’s borders and as RISAT-2 20th April 2009 part of anti-infiltration and anti-terrorist operations. Carries an amateur radio and technology demonstration ANUSAT 20th April 2009 experiments. Research micro satellite designed at Anna University. Gathers data for oceanographic, coastal and atmospheric Oceansat-2 (IRS-P4) 23rd September 2009 applications. Continues mission of Oceansat-1. Communications satellite GSAT-4 15th April 2010 technology demonstrator. Earth observation/remote CARTOSAT-2B 12th July 2010 sensing satellite. First Indian pico-satellite (weighing less than 1kg). StudSat 12th July 2010 Developed by a team from seven engineering colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. GSAT-5P /INSAT-4D 25th December 2010 C-band communication satellite. ISRO’s eighteenth RESOURCESAT-2 20th April 2011 remote-sensing satellite Indo-Russian stellar and atmospheric satellite with the Youthsat 20th April 2011 participation of university students. Communications satellite carries24 Ku-band transponders 8 /INSAT-4G 21st May 2011 and 2 channel GAGAN payloads operating in L1 and L5 band. Extended C-band transponders to meet the country’s growing GSAT-12 15th July 2011 demand for transponders in a short turn-around-time. Developed by India and France to Megha-Tropiques 12th October 2011 track the weather. Nano-satellite weighing 3 kg Jugnu 12th October 2011 developed by IIT Kanpur. First indigenous all-weather Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1), RISAT-1 26th April 2012 whose images will facilitate agriculture and disaster management.  Nano-satellite developed by SRM SRMSAT 12th October 2011 University. India’s advanced communication satellite is a high power satellite GSAT-10 29th September 2012 being inducted into the INSAT system. The Satellite with ARGOS and ALTIKA (SARAL) is a joint SARAL 25th February 2013 Indo-French satellite mission for oceanographic studies. It is one of the seven spacecraft IRNSS-1A 1st July 2013 constituting the IRNSS space segment. Meteorological Satellite with INSAT-3D 25th July 2013 advanced weather monitoring payloads. Advanced multi-band GSAT-7 30th August 2013 communication satellite dedicated for military use. Mars Orbiter Mission Also known as Mangalyaan is 5th November 2013 (MOM) India’s first Mars orbiter. Twenty-third geostationary communication satellite of India GSAT-14 5th January 2014 to augment the In-orbit capacity of Extended Cand Ku-band transponders. IRNSS-1B 4th April 2014 Second satellite of the IRNSS. IRNSS-1C 15th October 2014 Third satellite of the IRNSS. Twenty-fourth communication satellite of India configured to GSAT-16 7th December 2014 carry a total of 48 communication transponders. IRNSS-1D 28th March 2015 Fourth satellite of the IRNSS GSAT-6 27th August 2015 Communication satellite. India’s first dedicated multi Astrosat 28th September 2015 wavelength space Observatory. Communications satellite carries communication transponders in Ku-band and a GPS Aided GEO GSAT-15 10th November 2015 Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) payload operating in L1 and L5 bands. IRNSS-1E 20th January 2016 Fifth satellite of the IRNSS. IRNSS-1F 10th March 2016 Sixth satellite of the IRNSS. Seventh and final satellite of the IRNSS-1G 28th April 2016 IRNSS. Earth observation/remote Cartosat-2C 22nd June 2016 sensing satellite. Miniature satellite to provide weather forecasting, cyclone SCATSAT-1 26th September 2016 prediction, and tracking services to India. Remote Sensing satellite RESOURCESAT-2A 15th February 2017 intended for resource monitoring. Highest number of satellites CARTOSAT-2D 15th February 2017 launched by a single launch vehicle (104 satellites) The Cartosat will provide remote PSLV-C38 /Cartosat-2 23rd June 2017 sensing services for about five Series Satellite years. PSLV-C40/Cartosat-2Series Providing high resolution scene 12th June 2018 Satellite Mission specific spot imageries. PSLV-C41/IRNSS-1I 12th April 2018 Navigation satellite constellation Intended for forest mapping, NovaSAR, S1-4 16th September 2018 land use & ice cover monitoring, flood & disaster monitoring. Aims at providing high-speed GSAT-29 14th November 2018 bandwidth to Village Resource Centres (VRC) in rural areas. Aims at studying the earth’s surface in the visible, near HysIS (Hyper spectral 29th November 2018 infrared and shortwave infrared Imaging Satellite) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Indian Satellites – Important Facts ISRO was formed on the Independence Day, 1969 by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. SLV-3 was India’s first indigenous satellite launch vehicle. The director of this project was APJ Abdul Kalam. India is the only country to have reached Mars in the first attempt. The satellite Aryabhata got its name by Indira Gandhi and was launched by the Soviet Union. India has set a national record by successfully launching a rocket carrying 20 satellites, including 13 from the US, last year in June. Nuclear Program of India The department of atomic energy (DAE) was established on 3 august 1954.  The Department of Atomic Energy is a department directly under the Prime Minister of India with headquarters in Mumbai. Department of Atomic Energy is engaged in the development of nuclear power technology, applications of radiation technologies in the fields of agriculture, medicine, industry and basic research. India's three-stage nuclear power program was formulated by Homi Bhabha in1954 to secure the country's long term energy independence, through the use of uranium and thorium reserves found in the monazite sands of coastal regions of South India. A three-stage nuclear energy programme based on closed cycle is the flagship of Indian atomic programme. o Stage one aims at developing natural uranium fueled Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors. o The second stage aims for utilizing plutonium-based fuels in fast breeder reactors. o The third stage focuses on the development of advanced nuclear power systems for utilization of thorium Homi J Bhabha is known as the father of India’s nuclear program. APSARA was the first nuclear reactor not only in India but also the whole of Asia. The reactor was designed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) and built with assistance from the United Kingdom. Nuclear power is currently the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity. List of Nuclear Power Station in India Nuclear power station State Kaiga Karnataka Kakrapar Gujarat Kudankulam Tamil Nadu Madras (Kalpakkam) Tamil Nadu Narora Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Rajasthan Tarapur Maharashtra Radiation Technologies & Applications Nuclear Agriculture The nuclear agriculture program of BARC covers the development of high yielding crop seeds using nuclear techniques, fertilizer, and pesticide-related studies, radiation processing of food items, and other areas. Research Reactors The research reactor APSARA, CIRRUS, and DHRUVA at Trombay are utilized for basic and applied research, isotope production, material testing, and training for human resource  development. Radioisotope Production India is a leading producer of radioisotopes in the world. Radioisotopes are produced in the research reactors at Trombay, atomic power reactors at various places in the country and cyclotron at Kolkata Nuclear Medicine and Health Care Nuclear medicine is an integral part of modern healthcare. Radioisotopes and their formulations find wide application in diagnosis, therapy, and health care. Indian Science Congress Association Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) is a premier scientific organisation of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. The association started in the year 1914 in Kolkata and it meets annually in the first week of January. The latest and 107th Indian Science Congress (ISC) was inaugurated by Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi on January 3, 2019, at the University of Agricultural Sciences in Bengaluru.