Exam 2 study packet Fall 2025.pdf

Exam 2 Review packet-Bio115 Fall 2024 1. Label the structure of eukaryotic cells (both animal and plant cell) and identify their functions (Fig 6.8 from your textbook). 2. What is “fluid mosaic” model? Define “fluid” and “mosaic” 3. Understand the definition of “semi permeable” a) What type of...

Exam 2 Review packet-Bio115 Fall 2024 1. Label the structure of eukaryotic cells (both animal and plant cell) and identify their functions (Fig 6.8 from your textbook). 2. What is “fluid mosaic” model? Define “fluid” and “mosaic” 3. Understand the definition of “semi permeable” a) What type of molecule passes through the membrane easily? Polar or non-polar Large size or small size 4. Define isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solution:  What is the direction of osmosis under those three conditions?  In hypotonic solution, what will happen to the plant cell? Animal cell?  In hypertonic solution, what will happen to the plant cell? Animal cell?  What is osmotic lysis? To what type of the cell will this happen (plant cell or animal cell)? Why  What is plasmolysis? Will this happen to animal cells? 5. Define endogonic and exergonic reaction 6. Define catabolism. Is it endogonic or exergonic? 7. Define anabolism. Is it endogonic or exergonic? 8. Enzyme regulation:  How does Tm impact enzymatic activity?  How does the pH impact enzyme activity?  How does substrate impact enzyme activity? 9. Compare and contrast competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition:  Where (active site or allosteric site of the enzyme) does inhibitor bind to in these two models?  Will concentration of the inhibitors impact the action of inhibition in these two models? 10. Redox:  Define reduction and oxidation  In the following reactions, which molecule is oxidized? Which molecule is reduced? Which molecule is the reducing agent? Which molecule is the oxidizing agent? C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O +ATP 11. Study the process of aerobic respiration:  List major steps (including preparation step) of aerobic respiration.  List all products in each step (including NADH, FADH2 and ATP molecules)  What is the function of NAD+ and FAD?  Lack of FAD will impact which step of the aerobic respiration?  During the aerobic respiration, what is the direction of electron flow starting from glucose?   CO2 is produced during which step(s) of the aerobic respiration?  Acetyl CoA is produced at which step of the aerobic respiration?  A total of 32 ATP is produced during aerobic respiration, how many of them are produced through substrate phosphorylation? Oxidative phosphorylation?  What is proton force?  Electron transfer and chemiosmosis occurs in which part of the mitochondria?  What is the function of oxygen in aerobic respiration? 12. In fermentation, what is the final acceptor for protons and electrons? 13. How many ATP produced through fermentation? By what mechanism? 14. In photosynthesis, how is oxygen produced? (hint: what is the function of H2O molecule)? Does this happen during light reaction or dark reaction? 15. What will happen if chlorophyl II absorbs the light? 16. What is the final electron acceptor in photosystem I? 17. In the thylakoid membrane, what is the function of the pigment molecules? 18. What is/are the product(s) of liner electron flow if photosynthesis? 19. What is the primary function of Calvin cycle? 20. In photosynthesis, what is the direction of electron flow starting from H2O molecule? 21. Identify the cellular location (which part of the cell) of the following events (this question applies to both chapter 9 and 10)  Produce oxygen during photosynthesis  Activated chlorophyll donates an electron  Rubisco catalyzes carbon fixation  ATP production in animal cells  Electron transportation in animal cells 22. Put the following events of photosynthesis in the right order:  CO2 fixation  ATP production  Glucose production  Chlorophyll a excited and transfer electrons  Water split to produce oxygen  NADPH production