Conservation of Biodiversity PDF

CONSERVATION OF business without the hope of making a profit BIODIVERSITY right now. WHY NEED TO CONSERVE CIVIL SOCIETY BIODIVERSITY? made up of regular individuals, citizen T...

CONSERVATION OF business without the hope of making a profit BIODIVERSITY right now. WHY NEED TO CONSERVE CIVIL SOCIETY BIODIVERSITY? made up of regular individuals, citizen Today Biodiversity conservation is organizations, and young people and impossible without the participation of children. The majority of civil society everyone who impacts the ecosystem – organizations are non-governmental, from loggers who harvest forest timber, to nonprofit, non- military, and consumers who buy food at the anti-individualist. supermarket, to city governments who put restrictions on building in ecologically LOCAL COMMUNITIES sensitive areas. reside in and close to protected areas are involved in decision-making and see to it STAKEHOLDERS CONTRIBUTING TO that the advantages of using biodiversity are CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY fairly distributed. SAVE ENVIRONMENT THE MEDIA International Organization Government "mediators." disseminate information, The Private Sector increase public awareness, and Civil Society occasionally advocate for or against policies Local Communities made by the public or private sectors. The Media Individual Consumer Services INDIVIDUAL CONSUMER SERVICES decisions have an impact on the market. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION People should be aware of the decisions maintain biodiversity and development as they make regarding their appearance, top global goals and implement living situation, travel, diet, and other conservation strategies based on these choices. considerations. TERMS TO REMEMBER LEARN MORE GOVERNMENT can control their economies to take into 1. ENDANGERED (E) account the effects on people and the species in danger of extinction" refers to environment species whose numbers have reached a adopt and implement conservation policies, critical point. create management tools and regulations, and designate protected areas 2. VULNERABLE thought to be imminently on the verge of THE PRIVATE SECTOR being endangered if the contributing factors create products and services that benefit persist both people and the environment. It can offer "patient capital," a form of long-term financing available to launch or expand a 3.RARE -Busuanga, Culion, Balabac, and Palawan Small-population species that are not now islands in the Philippines. endangered or vulnerable but are nevertheless in danger. CEYX MELANURUS (THE PHILIPPINE DWARF KINGFISHER) 4. THREATENED (T) -Alcedinidae bird Used in the context of conservation to -endemic and threatened describe species that fall under the - Luzon Polillo Islands, Catanduanes, categories of endangered, vulnerable, and Basilan, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao. uncommon -a small mostly orange kingfisher with a red beak and legs 5. OUT OF DANGER - a white belly. now deemed to be relatively secure as a - a light lilac hue result of the implementation of effective -has dark blue spotted wings for the conservation measures. northern subspecies. 6. INDETERMINATE (THE PHILIPPINE FLYING LEMUR) speculation that they fall within one of the Cynocephalus Volans first categories but for which there is One of the two species of flying lemurs- currently insufficient data. Dermaptera-is referred to locally as the kagwang. It is also the sole member of the Cynocephalus genus. 7. ENDEMIC A condition that is frequently encountered in SUNDASCIURUS SAMARENSIS a certain population or location. (THE SAMAR SQUIRREL) -rodent belonging to the Sciuridae. TEN UNIQUE ENDEMIC SPECIES IN Subtropical or dry forests THE PHILIPPINES - endemic ,is threatened by habitat loss, (THE PALAWAN FRUIT BAT) EURYLAIMUS SAMARENSIS Acerodon leucotis (THE VISAYAN BROADBILL) -Palawan flying fox, - Eurolaimide. - species of megabat forests of Busuanga, -islands of Samar, Leyte, and Bohol. Balabac, and Palawan. -threatened by habitat loss. -hunting and habitat degradation -It is often found foraging in the understorey -vulnerable and lower parts of the canopy. BARBOULA BUSUANGENSIS (THE PALAWAN FLYCATCHER) THE PHILIPPINE FLAT-HEADED FROG Ficedula Platenae -Bombinattoridae. (Busuanga -Muscicapidae discoglossidae frog) - widespread. Its natural habitat is tropical “Busuanga jungle toad” moist lowland forests. - endemic t -threatened by habitat loss. - vulnerable with a - population currently between 6,000 and PLANT BIODIVERSITY IN THE 15,000 PHILIPPINES -attracted help from conservation groups. - An essential component of a region's KALOULA KALINGENSIS biodiversity are its plants.There are (THE KALINGA NARROWMOUTH TOAD) between 10,000 and 14,000 different plant -Microhylidae only in ph species in the Philippines. Moist lowland forests in the subtropics or - rank 5, percent plant the tropics Moist mountain forests in the subtropics or the tropics Arable land ENDANGERED SPECIES ARE SPECIES Pastureland Plantations OR SUBSPECIES WHOSE CONTINUED EXISTENCE IN THE WILD IS UROGALE EVERETTI THREATENED BY OUTSIDE THREATS. (THE MINDANAO TREESHREW) -Mindanao MANGIFERA ODORATA -sole representative of the genus Urogale. -found in other South Asian nations with the -Alfred Hart Everett, a British colonial names huani and kuini mango. administrator and zoological collector, is honored by the scientific name. KIBATALIA PUBERULA -little evergreen tree that can only be found (THE MINDORO BLACK RAT) in the Philippines' Samar Island. Rattus Mindorensis - Muridae on in ph PHALAENOPSIS LINDENII -white-petaled orchid with pink or purple hints. ENDANGERED FLORA AND FAUNA CRITICALLY ENDANGERED PLANT 1. DESTRUCTION OF THEIR NATURAL SPECIES HABITAT. DENDROBIUM SCHUETZEI 2. OVERGRAZING A white-flowered orchid species that is Due to the desertification of the land by unique to the island of Mindanao. domesticated animals. ALOCASIA ATROPURPUREA 3. POACHING A TINY, INDIGENOUS SHRUB WITH For use as food, clothing, fur, ivory, rhino BROAD LEAVES. horns, and others HOPEA PHILIPPINENSI 4. EXPORTING CERTAIN SPECIES A little tree from the rainforest CYCAS WADEI A a small palm like tree THREATS TO SPECIES SURVIVAL 6. CALAMUS ARUENSIS FOUND IN THE AUSTRALIAN Types of Endangered Rainforest Plants RAINFOREST. 80% of the world's green plant life is found ENDANGERED BUT AS RARE AS WELL. in rainforests. only cover 2% of the planet's surface. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY Our rainforests are rapidly disappearing, in large part due to human cultivation, The hope for conservation of natural pollution, and wildfires. biodiversity nonetheless rests on preservation of selected ecosystems and WE CANNOT PREVENT THE representative areas of diverse vegetation EXTINCTION OF THE PLANTS UNLESS types in the country, as well as on WE BECOME AWARE OF THE PROBLEM conserving some extinction prone species. AND TAKE ACTION TO ADDRESS IT. Growing numbers of threatened plant and animal species have motivated both 1. DURIAN governmental and non-governmental 15 DIFFERENT VARIETIES organizations to adopt specific actions in THE DURIAN TESTUDINARUM IS NOT this regard. Forests and animals were JUST UNCOMMON BUT ALSO LISTED AS mostly under the control of state AN ENDANGERED SPECIES administrations. 2. MANGROVE FORESTS India's goals and objectives for RESEMBLE STILTED GROWTH CAN BE managing wildlife: DISCOVERED. DUE TO THEIR A. PRESERVING THE NATURAL VULNERABILITY TO POLLUTION ANDT O ENVIRONMENT. SOILS FROM THE OCEAN THESE TREES B. KEEPING A VARIETY OF SPECIES ARE IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION. ALIVE. C. ESTABLISHMENT OF BIOSPHERE 3. ORCHIDS RESERVES. 25,000 DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF D. LEGISLATION PROVIDES ORCHIDS EXIST. MANY ORCHID PROTECTION. SPECIES ARE LISTED AS ENDANGERED DUE OF THEIR UNCOMMON BEAUTY The goals and objectives for managing AND ORCHID SMUGGLING. wildlife in the Philippines: wildlife, protected areas, and land use. 4. RAFFLESIA FLOWERS RAREST AND MOST ENDANGERED A. PROTECTED PLACES FOR THE FLOWERS.6 POUNDS IN WEIGHT. MANAGEMENT OF WILDLIFE B. OUTSIDE OF PROTECTED AREAS, 5. TRIUMNIA ROBUSTA PROTECTIVE MEASURES THE QUEEN'S ISLAND GOVERNMENT C. MEASUREMENTS PERTAINING TO CLAIMS THAT ABOUT 13% OF THE ALTERNATIVE LAND USES AND PLANTS IN THEIR RAINFOREST ARE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. ENDANGERED, NON-GOVERNMENTAL GROUPS THAT HydroELECTRIC power ARE ACTIVE IN THIS AREA Electricity has been generated using the kinetic energy of the falling and flowing WORLDWIDE FUND FOR NATURE water in rivers and streams. WAVES FOR WATER To build a substantial reservoir, high dams SAVE PHILIPPINE SEAS are constructed across rivers. EARTH ISLAND INSTITUTE Once the water is released, it flows at GREENPEACE PHILIPPINES controlled rates as it falls toward the river HARIBON FOUNDATION below the dam, turning turbines and RARE FOUNDATION generating electricity. MOTHER EARTH FOUNDATION Due to the silt buildup from erosion, the PHILIPPINE BIODIVERSITY lifespan of all hydroelectric dams is capped. CONSERVATION FOUNDATION Energy from heat stored in water Giant MARINE WILDLIFE WATCH OF THE floating Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion PHILIPPINES (OTEC) power plants use the heat that the oceans store from the sun to generate RENEWABLE RESOURCES electricity. - Are those that can be replenished naturally -Energy from heat stored in warm surface and sustainably over time, such as solar, water is used to pressurize and evaporate wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal low-boiling fluids like ammonia after being energy(environmentally friendly and have run through a sizable heat exchanger. the potential to provide clean, reliable, and Floating ocean thermal energy conversion affordable energy without depleting natural power plants use the heat that the oceans resources.) store from the sun to generate electricity. -Energy from heat stored in water Resources include wood, falling water, Turbines are powered by ammonia gas to solar, tidal wave, and solar energy. generate electricity. Natural resources that are regenerated -Energy from heat stored in water more quickly than they are used up provide Ammonia is condensed back into liquid form renewable energy. using cool ocean water to restart the cycle. Abundant, all encompassing energy -Energy from heat stored in water sources. Such power plants can only provide up to Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and 3% of the energy produced by coal-fired biomass are resources that may be used electric power plants and their construction again and never run out since they are costs are twice as high or higher. always being replaced. Wind Energy Solar Energy - also known as wind power, is a form of Photovoltaic cells, also referred to as solar renewable energy that harnesses the power cells, are used to collect and convert it. of the wind to generate electricity. Wind power is clean, abundant, and does not produce greenhouse gas emissions.  Biomass - renewable organic material that comes Mineral Resources from plants and animals. This is made Large metallic mineral deposits can be possible via photosynthesis.It is an organic found in the Philippines, including: material that may either be burned straight as a fuel source or transformed into a. Cadmium gaseous or liquid biofuels by distillation and b. Cobalt pyrolysis. c. Gold d. Iron Distillation e. Mercury - this process separates components of a f. Palladium liquid mixture based on their boiling points g. Uranium Pyrolysis h. Chromium -this process involves heating organic i. Copper material in the absence of oxygen j. Lead k. Manganese Non-Renewable Resources l. Nickel -finite and cannot be replenished once they m. Silver are used up, such as fossil fuels like coal, n. Zinc oil, and natural gas. Significant contributor to energy production but come with negative Mineral Resources environmental impacts, such as greenhouse Non-metallic minerals include: gas emissions and air pollution. a. Asbestos The depletion of non-renewable resources b. Dolomite and the environmental consequences c. Gypsum associated with their use have led to a shift d. Phosphate towards renewable resources in recent e. Talc years. Governments, organizations, and f. Cement raw material individuals are increasingly focusing on g. Feldspar sustainability and reducing their carbon h. Marble footprint by adopting renewable energy i. Sulfur sources. Mineral Resources Mineral Resources A30 billion metric tons of mineral resources, The term "mineral deposit" refers to any 37% are metallic and 63% are non-metallic. naturally occurring concentration of a free element or compound in solid form. Energy Resources An ore is a mineral deposit that contains a As well as being referred to as fossil fuels, significant amount of at least one metallic conventional fuels include: element. Mineral resources are unused - Petroleum stock resources from which no - Coal economic advantage could be generated - Fossilized liquid carbon. if left untouched.  These minerals are discovered beneath the Geothermal Resources earth's surface where they have been kept for billions of years.They undergo -These never-ending energy sources are processing before being burned to provide not renewable. energy. After 1910, coal was mostly As underground water interacts with hot, replaced by oil and natural gas due to its molten minerals beneath the earth's "clean" environmental records and ease of surface, hot springs are created. transportation. They can be refined to To raise the steam water to the surface for provide liquid fuels for automobiles use as space heating in cold nations and as a source of electricity for industrial a. Coal is the fossil fuel that is most processes, wells are dug. prevalent worldwide. -people can capture geothermal energy Largest coal deposits (US, Russia, China, through: Australia, India, Germany, South Africa. -Geothermal heat pumps -Geothermal power plants -Create energy and industry to create steel. -Do poisonous harm. The Philippines, which have the -Generates more matter and air pollutants second-largest geothermal reserves in than oil or natural gas. the world, are now regarded as experts in -Produce huge levels of mercury. the field on a global scale. -Produces acid rain due to the presence of sulfur and nitrogen. Produces carbon Other Non- Renewable Resources dioxide and contributes to global warming. Peacock Coal Petroleum Natural Gas 14 countries make up OPEC as of 2019. a. Peacock Coal A rock that is dark or brown. Coal is burned 1. Iran to produce energy. 2. Kuwait Depending on how much "carbonization" 3. Saudi Arabia coal has undergone, it is rated. 4. Libya Carbonization is the process that ancient 5. Gabon organisms endure to become coal. 6. Ecuador The lowest grade of coal is Peat. It has 7. Equatorial Guinea gone through the least amount of 8. Iraq carbonization. 9. United Aran Emirates (UAE) - It is a crucial source of energy in countries 10. Algeria like Scotland, Ireland, and Finland. 11. Nigeria The highest grade of coal is Anthracite. 12. Angola forms, such as mountain ranges, in areas of 13. Venezuela the planet where the earth has undergone 14. Republic of Congo enormous changes. - Anthracite is abundant in the Appalachian Mountains, which are located in the eastern United States.  b. Petroleum floats in water, making fish mistake it for Another well-liked non-renewable energy food and damaging bird feathers. source is oil, which is sometimes known as crude oil or just "oil." c. Natural Gas Liquid fossil fuel known as petroleum is kept The "cleanest" fossil fuel is natural gas. underground by geological formations. In Natural gas solely produces carbon dioxide certain places, oil bubbles directly out of the and water vapor when burned. Methane, ground. which smells like rotten eggs, is released by Once oil firms begin drilling using a "drill rig" decomposing items in landfills. so that they can extract petroleum 24 hours Some businesses utilize a technique known a day, seven day a week, 365 days a year as "hydraulic fracturing" to get at the natural gas. o Hydraulic fracturing refers to the 􏰁Gasoline is made from around half of the process of fracturing subsurface rock world's petroleum. The remaining portion formations while using water. can be processed and utilized in liquids like: Moreover, it can be burned to produce 􏰁Nail polish power. 􏰁Rubbing alcohol Solid items, such as 􏰁Water pipes Advantages: 􏰁Crayons a. Inexpensive fossil fuel that burns cleaner 􏰁Shoes than coal or oil. 􏰁Vitamin capsules and others b. It solely emits carbon dioxide and water 􏰁Roofing vapor when burned (which are the exact gasses that we breathe out when we Advantages: exhale) Cost-effective to extract. c. Healthier than using coal as fuel. Dependable and trustworthy source of Disadvantages: energy and finances for the community. a. Environmental issues may arise during Offers a plethora of conveniences: natural gas extraction. 􏰁It is a transportable source of energy that b. Little earthquakes can be brought on by provides us with the ability to drive places in fracture. the form of gasoline. c. Water used for drinking or bathing can 􏰁A component of numerous goods we rely become contaminated and dangerous as a on. result of the high- pressure water and chemicals that are driven into other water Disadvantages: sources. The ecology is harmed when gasoline is used. It emits dangerous chemicals and toxins into the air that we breathe. 􏰁The oil in the well may erupt and spill into the sea or nearby land if there is a problem with the drilling equipment. 􏰁Environmental catastrophes result from oil spills, particularly offshore spills. Oil EARTH AS THE NATURAL b. Earth’s Physical Matter: As a Closed ENVIRONMENT OF MAN System Physical matter includes things like air, water, and resources. Lithosphere Since the planet's early formation, they Comprising the earth's upper mantle, soil, have been present on earth. There haven't and other deposits of substance, as well as been any big new influxes of matter or stuff. the upper crust of the planet. Hydrosphere CONCEPTS OF EARTH SYSTEM Which is the total amount of water (in liquid, Any ordered, interconnected collection of solid, or gaseous form) that is present on, objects, things, components, pieces, and beneath, or over the surface of the earth. their characteristics is referred to as a Gaseous Atmosphere system, as opposed to the environment in Extending as liquid water, ice, and water which they are found. It is made up of vapor above the surface of the earth; several interconnected subsystems. Biosphere Energy transformation, matter storage, Having every nutrient that life on Earth and/or recovery all take place within requires, including all the water, minerals, systems in the Earth's system. oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Everything in the biosphere is Open System interdependent. A naturally occurring system that is not For example: self-contained; energy and matter are Air helps clean the water that sustains introduced into the system, and they are animals and plants. removed through outputs. Plants likewise regenerate the soil and air One illustration of an open system is the while providing food for some creatures. Earth in terms of energy. The sun is an external source of energy for Closed System the Planet. As a result, the earth is an open a system that is isolated from its system. But in terms of matter, surroundings in order to be self-sufficient. the earth is a closed system: Example: In terms of physical substance and resources, the Earth is a closed a. Earth as an Open System: system. ·Because of the radiant energy influx from The physical components of the Earth the thermonuclear events occurring deep are limited and unchangeable by modern inside the sun, the earth is a dynamic means, making them fixed. system. ·This energy permeates the atmosphere of the earth and transforms into another kind of energy as it cascades through the terrestrial system. THE FOUR SPHERES OF THE EARTH The living environment has existed for much longer periods of time Four enormous open systems interact at the Earth's surface. The abiotic spheres are Modern atmosphere located beneath the atmosphere, Also, the modern environment has endured hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The biotic for far longer periods of time spheres make up the biosphere. CLASSIFICATIONS FOR Atmosphere ATMOSPHERIC Lithosphere COMPOSITION,TEMPERATURE, Hydrosphere Biosphere AND FUNCTION It consists of trace amounts of nitrogen, The atmosphere is split into two major oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and other areas based on chemical composition: gasses. The earth’s mass of water in the atmosphere, on the surface, and in the crust Heterosphere near the surface, in liquid, solid, and The heterosphere's altitude extends from gaseous forms. Water exists as either fresh 10,000 kilometers (6,000 miles) up to or saline (salty). 80 kilometers (50 mil). Hetero means "not uniform" or "not equally mixed". The physical and chemical elements that It mostly consists of separate layers of create the environment for life are nitrogen and oxygen atoms and molecules sometimes referred to as the ecosphere. The biosphere has undergone evolution, at Homosphere times reformed itself, threatened It surrounds the earth from 80 kilometers extinction, regained vigor, and survived (50 miles) below the surface all the way overall. The only biosphere in the solar to the heterosphere. system known to support life is that of the When a region is homo, it signifies that its earth. gas composition is uniform and that it behaves like a single gas THE EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE THE ATMOSPHERE IS SEPARATED INTO FOUR MAIN ZONES BASED ON Primordial atmosphere TEMPERATURE: The initial solar nebula provided the raw materials for the earth's first atmosphere Thermosphere The temperature is typically 200 C (360 F) Evolutionary atmosphere hotter during the day than at night and The evolutionary environment is thought to about 500 C (900 F) hotter during the peak last for only brief periods of time of the sun's activity. Living atmosphere Mesosphere  It lies below the thermosphere and directly TOP TEN (10) MOST POPULOUS above the stratosphere. It covers a COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD (MARCH distance of 31 to 53 miles, or 50 to 85 2023) kilometers, above our planet. China India Stratosphere United States the second tier of the atmosphere, situated Indonesia below the mesosphere and just above the Pakistan troposphere. Nigeria Brazil Troposphere Bangladesh As the density of the gasses in this layer Russia decrease with height, the air becomes Mexico thinner. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ECOLOGY'S OBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Organism ,Population Communities ,Ecosystem Overpopulation Biosphere Population Density and distribution Pollution War DEVELOPMENT OF MAN Technology Politics The idea of organic evolution, which was Natural Calamities put forth by Charles Darwin, Alfred Wallace, Environmental Science: Social and other naturalists, explains how the Issues diversity of living things, as well as their traits and geographic distribution, have SUSTAINABILITY evolved gradually and continuously from “that can be maintained” or “keep goal earlier forms. continuously” in the literal sense. -Every organism produces more surviving DEVELOPMENT offspring Development can be defined as "the act or -Fight for survival instance of growth/advancement" in its -Different members of a species have literal sense. greater odds of surviving, natural selection's outcome. The growth may take many different -Natural selection led to the evolution of forms, including: new species. -Growth of Education -Growth of Population -Growth of Industry STRUCTURE AND PROJECTION OF THE -Growth of Forests POPULATION Sustainable Development -is a concept that refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future j.Global Environment Ethics generations to meet their own needs. It involves a balanced approach that takes A. Urban Problems Related Energy into account economic, social, and Large cities and towns have always had an environmental impact on politics, religion, business, and considerations. communication, which in turn has had a variety of effects on culture and society. The International Institute for Majority of people were employed mostly in: Sustainable Development oHunting "development that improves the quality of o Fishing life for all, without increasing the use of o Agriculture natural resources beyond the capacity of o Raising cattle the environment to supply them indefinitely." The Industrial Revolution causes cities and The Natural Resources Defense Council towns to grow in both size and influence. In "meeting the needs of the present without developing nations, a sizable portion of the compromising the ability of future population from rural areas seeking generations to meet their own needs, by occupational help, migrated to cities preserving and protecting the natural (occupational migration). resources and ecosystems that support all life." The following are regarded as Electricity environmental concerns: Contains electronic devices such a mixer-grinder, TV, computer, and music -Global Climate Change systems. Geysers, fans, lighting, air -Human Population Growth conditioners, microwaves, water pumps, -Loss of Biodiversity warm blowers, refrigerators, and other -Pollution (Air, water, noise, and etc.) o crucial house parts. -Habitat Degradation -Limited Food and Energy Supply Fossil fuels are non-renewable, this means that their The following are individual and group supply is limited and they will eventually run justifications for preserving nature and out. fostering a sustainable environment: Petrol and Diesel a. Urban Problems Related Energy come from crude oil, which comes from b. Water Conservation deep underground. c. Rainwater Harvesting d. Watershed Management Crude oil e. Resettlement and Rehabilitation of the is refined to make petrol (in America this is People f. Rehabilitation Problem known as gasoline) or diesel. g. Environment Ethics h. Industrial Environment Ethics Natural Gas i. Environment Ethics at Individual Level A mixture of gasses which are rich in -Sound forestry and farming techniques hydrocarbons and natural gas reserves are help lower runoff. Crop residue left on fields deep inside the earth near other solid & minimizes flooding and decreases it. liquid hydrocarbon beds like coal and crude -Watersheds are safeguarded by clearing oil. forest and plowing on steep slopes. - Aquifer recharge zones and natural water Coal storage capacity are preserved by wetland A sedimentary deposit composed conservation. predominantly of carbon that is readily combustible. Rehabilitation Problem Human population shifts that are not Fuel wood voluntary are usually stressful. Regardless Wood that is burned for energy. It can be of the factors behind these migrations, the used for heating, cooking, or generating level of pain these individuals go through power. cannot be effectively expressed in words or even measured in monetary terms. Water conservation Conservation of water is a necessity to save ISSUES WITH REHABILITATION: life. All living organisms on this planet need -Restitutional (compensatory land) water to survive. If we do not give -Rehabilitation needs to be done in groups. importance to saving or conservation of -Financial compensation water then our future generations will face -Mismanagement Ineffective public relations water scarcity. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS RAIN WATER HARVESTING are built on the premise that not only are The Philippines receives 956 to 4,064 humans a part of nature, but that nature millimeters of rain on average every year. itself has many interrelated parts. The areas with the most rain include = Baguio City, Eastern Samar, and Eastern THREE CATEGORIES OF ETHICS Surigao. The southernmost region of Cotabato has The Development Ethics the least rainfall. (978 millimeters rainfall) believes that development in any sector is Water issues are brought on by rising inevitable, but the development should not population demands, urbanization, crop up at the cost of environmental failure. industrialization, and irrigation for increased food production. The Preservation Ethics views nature to be unique in and of itself. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Some environmentalists approach nature - It was proposed that floodplains be set with a nearly religious perspective. aside for water storage, aquifer recharge, wildlife habitat, and agriculture rather than allowing residential, commercial, or The Conservation Ethics industrial development. recognizes the desirability of decent living standards, but it works towards a balance of resource use and resource availability. Strength in Numbers When individuals unite for a shared goal, their collective voice has the potential to influence policies, practices, and industries. Advocacy and Awareness Campaigns often lead to increased public consciousness, which, in turn, drives changes at local, national, and international levels. Economic Transformation The collective push for sustainability has the potential to reshape businesses towards more sustainable practices.