Emerging Trends Notes PDF

Chapter 4 EMERGING TREND Emerging trends are the state-of-the-art technologies, which gain popularity and set a new trend among users. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial intelligence, or AI, is like giving a computer or a robot the ability to think and learn like a hu...

Chapter 4 EMERGING TREND Emerging trends are the state-of-the-art technologies, which gain popularity and set a new trend among users. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial intelligence, or AI, is like giving a computer or a robot the ability to think and learn like a human. SOME COMMON USES OF AI IN OUR DAY-TO-DAY LIFE MAP : The maps in smartphone are able to guide you to specified destination by analysing real time data such as traffic congestion. SIRI: Siri(Apple's Voice-Enabled virtual assistant) - to perform various tasks, such as texting a friend, opening an app etc. GOOGLE : Google Now was a feature of Google Search for Android and iOS. It is a voice activated digital assistant that provides real time information about w important to each other. CHATGPT: ChatGPT(Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer- like is an Al Chatbot that uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to create human-like conversations. It generates text in response to questions or comments posted to it. Google Translate – GOOGLE TRANSLATE : It is a translation service developed by Google to translate text, document and websites from one language to another language.  NETFLIX : It create personalized recommendation for users based on their previous viewing history. TESLA: It uses computer vision to power self-driving features on its car. MACHINE LEARNING Machine Learning is a subsystem of Artificial Intelligence. Machine learning is a way for computers to learn from experience, just like humans do. It comprises algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make predictions. These algorithms called models, are first trained and tested using a training data and testing data, respectively. After successive trainings, once these models are able to give results to an acceptable level of accuracy, they are used to make predictions about new and unknown data. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)  It deals with the interaction between human and computers using human spoken languages, such as Hindi, English, etc.  An NLP system can perform text-to speech and speech-to-text conversion. APPLICATIONS OF NLP (i) E-mail Filtering We receive all kinds of emails from various sources. Here Natural Language Processing is used to identifies and filters incoming emails into "important" or "spam" and places them into their respective places. (ii) Language Translation Natural Language processing helps us by translating the language with all its sentiments.  (iii) Smart Assistants: Advanced technology to have smart assistants, such as Siri, Alexa, and Cortana. We can talk to them like we talk to normal human beings, and they even respond to us in the same way. (iv) Document Analysis Another one of NLP's applications is document analysis. Companies, colleges, schools, and other such places are always filled to the brim with data, which needs to be sorted out properly, maintained, and searched for. All this could be done using NLP. (v) Chatbot: NLP gives these Chatbot conversational capabilities, which help them respond appropriately to the customer's needs. (vi) Social media Monitoring NLP enables the computer system to understand unstructured social media data, analyze it and produce the required results in a valuable form for companies. IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE  An immersive experience refers to any experience enabled by digital technology that attempts to imitate a physical world through a digital by creating a surrounding sensory feeling , thereby creating a sense of immersion.  Immersive experience allow us to visualize, feel and react by stimulating our sense.  Immersive experiences have been used in the field of training, such as driving simulators flight simulator and so on.  Immersive experience can be achieved using virtual reality and augmented reality. VIRTUAL RIALITY:  Virtual reality is a three-dimensional, computer-generated situation that simulates the real world.  The user can interact and explore that environment by getting involved in it while interacting with the objects and other actions of the user. In order to make the experience of virtual reality, it promotes other sensory information like sound, smell, motion, temperature and so on. AUGUMENTED REALITY The meaning of "augment" is to make something great by adding something to it. Augmented reality is a method by which we can alter our real world by adding some digital elements to it. Examples: Amazon.com, Google Lens, Pokémon (mobile game) etc. ROBOTICS  A robot is basically a machine capable of carrying out one or more tasks automatically with accuracy and precision.  Robots were initially conceptualized for doing repetitive industrial tasks that are boring or stressful for humans or were labor-intensive.  A robot is programmable by a computer, which means it can follow the instructions given through computer programs.  Sensors are one of the prime components of a robot.  Robots are being used in industries, medical science, bionics, scientific research, military, etc. Some examples are:  NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission is a robotic space mission to study about the planet Mars.  Sophia is a humanoid that uses artificial intelligence, drone BIG DATA Big data is a collection of data that is larger, more complex than traditional data and growing exponentially with time. Example: The data comes from social media. CHARACTERISTICS OF BIGDATA VOLUME - Big Data refers to very large amount of data (range from terabytes to pool bytes) that is generated every day. VARIETY - Big Data may be in different varieties like structured, semi- structured and unstructured. Some examples are text used for chatting, images, videos, web pages and so on. VELOCITY - It represents the rate at which the data is being generated and stored. VERACITY - The Veracity in big data refers to accuracy, reliability and trustworthiness of the data. It can be sometimes inconsistent, biased, and noisy or there can be abnormality in data collection methods. VALUE - Big data is not only just a huge amount of data, but also contains hidden patterns and useful knowledge which can be of high business value. DATA ANALYTICS  Data analytics is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information they contain, with the aid of specialized systems and software.  Pandas is a library of the programming language Python that can be used as a tool to make data analysis much simpler. INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)  Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or people called "things" that are embedded with software, electronics, network and sensors that allows these object to collect and exchange data.  For example, if a car, a microwave oven, an air conditioner, door lock, CCTV camera or other such devices.  The four key components of IoT framework are sensors (devices), connectivity, data processing and user interface. WEB OF THINGS (WOT)  Web of Things (WoT) allows the use of web services to connect anything in the physical world, on web. It makes the way for create smart homes, smart offices, smart cities and so on. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IOT AND WOT IOT WOT IOT Connects physical WOT connects IoT to web devices Architecture. and sensors to the internet IOT primarily focuses on WOT ensures data device Collection and device interoperability and access communication. to the web. IOT operates WOT ensures that devices independently of the web. can be accessed and controlled through the web. SENSORS  Sensors is a device that detects any physical quantity such as pressure, light, temperature, humidity etc., from the outside environment and responds to produce a desired output.  Sensors are very commonly used as monitoring and observing elements in real world applications.  IoT sensors are used in homes, automobiles, airplanes, industrial settings and in other environments. SMARTCITIES  A smart city is a technologically modern urban area that uses different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect specific data.  The idea of a smart city makes use of computer and communication technology along with IoT ,WoT to manage and distribute resources efficiently.  Transportation, water supply, waste management, schools, libraries, hospitals use smart technologies. CLOUD COMPUTING  The term cloud means a network or the internet.  It is a technology that uses remote servers on the internet to store, manage and access data online rather than local drives.  The data can be anything such as files, images, and documents, audio, video any other form.  The cloud computing uses a client server architecture to deliver computing resources such as servers, storage, database and software over the cloud (Internet). It is a centralized management system. CLOUD SERVICES  A method of delivering wide range of IT services to companies and customers based on their request over the internet is called cloud service.  There are three standard models for cloud services , they are: a) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), b) Platform as a Service (PaaS) c) Software as a Service (SaaS). INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)  Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) It provides the infrastructure such as servers, virtual machines (VM), storage and backup facility, network components, operating systems or any other hardware or software.  Using IaaS from the cloud, a user can use the hardware infrastructure located at a remote location to configure, deploy and execute any software application.  Examples of Iaas are Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Compute Engine. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)  Platform as a Service (PaaS) It is a web-based environment or platform for developers to build, test and deliver cloud apps.  In PaaS, the user has complete control over the deployed application and its configuration.  Examples are Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, AWS. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)  Software as a Service (SaaS) The most widely used type of cloud service is SaaS.  It provides variety of services such as file storage and backup, web-based email and project management tools.   Example: SaaS cloud services include Google doc, Dropbox, G Suite, Microsoft Office 365 and Slack. In each of these applications, users can access, share, store and secure information in the cloud. GRID COMPUTIONG  Grid computing is also called as distributed computing. It links multiple computing resources which are geographically dispersed (PC's, workstations, servers and storage elements) together and provides a mechanism to access them.  The main advantage of grid computing is that it increases user productivity by providing transparent access resources and work can be completed more quickly. Grid can be of two types— (i) Data grid: used to manage large and distributed data having required multi-user access, (ii) CPU or Processor grid: where processing is moved from one PC to another as needed or a large task is divided into subtasks and divided to various nodes for parallel processing. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLOUD COMPUTING AND GRID COMPUTING CLOUD COMPUTING GRID COMPUTING Follows client-server Follows a distributed computing architecture computing architecture. Scalability is high. Scalability is normal. Cloud Computing is Grid Computing is less more flexible. flexible. Cloud operates as a Grid operates as a centralized Management decentralized system. management system. Cloud Computing is Grid Computing is Service- Application- oriented. oriented BLOCKCHAINS  Block chain is a system that allows a group of connected computers maintain a single updated and secure ledger or database.  Each computer or node that participates in the block chain receives a full copy of the database.  The safety and security of the transactions are ensure because all the members in the network keep a copy of the block chain and so it is possible for a single member of the network to make changes or alter data.  The most popular application of block chains technology is in digital currency, diverse sectors, such as banking, media, telecom, travel, and hospitality and other areas.