Philippine Grid & Distribution Codes PDF

Philippine Grid Code and Philippine Distribution Code 1  Definition of Terms - PGC q Automatic Load Dropping (ALD). The process of automatically and deliberately removing pre- selected Loads from a Power System in response to an abnormal condition in order to m...

Philippine Grid Code and Philippine Distribution Code 1  Definition of Terms - PGC q Automatic Load Dropping (ALD). The process of automatically and deliberately removing pre- selected Loads from a Power System in response to an abnormal condition in order to maintain the integrity of the Power System. q Alert Warning. A notice issued by the System Operator, including Yellow Alert, Blue Alert, and Red Alert, to notify the Users of the Grid that an alert state exists. § Yellow Alert. A notice issued by the System Operator when the Primary Reserve is less than the capacity of the largest Synchronized Generating Unit or power import from a single interconnection, whichever is higher. § Blue Alert. A notice issued by the System Operator when a tropical disturbance is expected to make a landfall within 24 hours. § Red Alert. An alert notice issued by the System Operator when the Primary Reserve is zero, a generation deficiency exists, or there is Critical Loading or Imminent Overloading of transmission lines or Equipment.  Definition of Terms - PGC q Central Dispatch. The process of scheduling generation facilities and issuing Dispatch Instructions to industry participants, considering the energy demand, operating reserve requirements, Security Constraints, Outages and other Contingency plans to achieve economic operation while maintaining Power Quality, Stability, Reliability, and Security of the Grid. q Dispatch. The process of apportioning the total Demand of the Grid through the issuance of Dispatch Instructions to the Scheduled Generating Units and the Generating Units providing Ancillary Services in order to achieve the operational requirements of balancing Demand with generation that will ensure the Security of the Grid. q Grid Impact Studies. A set of technical studies which are used to assess the possible effects of a proposed expansion, reinforcement, or Modification of the Grid or a User Development and to evaluate Significant Incidents.  Definition of Terms - PDC q Embedded Generators. Refers to Generating Units that are indirectly connected to the Grid through the Distribution Utilities system or industrial Generation Facilities that are Synchronized with the Grid. q Event. An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence of an abrupt change or disturbance in a Power System due to fault, Equipment Outage, Adverse Weather condition or natural phenomena. q Load Reduction. The condition in which a Scheduled Generating Unit has reduced or is not delivering electrical power to the Power System to which it is Synchronized. q Scheduling. The process of matching the offers to supply Energy and provide Ancillary Services with the bids to buy Energy and the operational support required by the Grid, to prepare the Dispatch Schedule, which takes into account the operational Constraints in the Grid.  Definition of Terms - PDC q Island. A Generating Plant or a group of Generating Plants and its associated Load, which is isolated from the rest of the Grid but is capable of generating and maintaining a stable Supply of Electricity to the Customers within the isolated area. q Islanding Operation. The isolated operation of certain portions of the Grid as a result of Forced Outages or Contingency action by the System Operator. q Market Network Model. A mathematical representation of the Power System, which is used for the purpose of determining Dispatch Schedules and Energy prices and preparing market projections.  Definition of Terms - PDC q Reliability. The performance of the elements of the bulk electric system that results in electricity being delivered to Customers within accepted standards and in the amount desired. Reliability may be measured by the Frequency, duration, and magnitude of adverse effects on the electric supply. q Security. The continuous operation of a Power System in the Normal State, ensuring safe and adequate supply of power to End-Users, even when some parts or Components of the system are on Outage. q Stability. The ability of the dynamic Components of the Power System to return to a normal or stable operating point after being subjected to some form of change or disturbance.  Philippine Grid Code q Establishes and documents the Philippine Distribution Code basic rules, requirements, q Establishes the basic rules, procedures, and standards that procedures, requirements, govern the operation, and standards that govern the maintenance, and development operation, maintenance, and of the high-voltage backbone development of the electric transmission system in the Distribution Systems in the Philippines. Philippines. q The functional groups namely (a) Grid Owner, (b) System Operator, and (c) Market Operator, and all Users of the Grid must comply with all the provisions of the Grid Code. 7  Philippine Grid Code q The Grid Code is intended to be used along with the Market Philippine Distribution Code Rules of the Wholesale q The Distribution Code will be Electricity Spot Market to used with the Philippine Grid ensure the safe, reliable, and Code and the Market Rules of efficient operation of the Grid. the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market to ensure the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the total electric energy supply system in the Philippines. 8  AUTHORITY q The Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) has the authority to promulgate the Philippine Grid Code, and Philippine Distribution Code. ENFORCEMENT q The Grid Management Committee (GMC) shall monitor Grid Code compliance at the operations level, submit regular and special reports, initiate an enforcement process for any perceived violations of provisions, and recommend to the ERC the appropriate fines and penalties for such violations. q The Distribution Management Committee (DMC) shall monitor Distribution Code compliance at the operations level, submit regular and special reports, initiate an enforcement process for any perceived violations of provisions, and recommend to the ERC the appropriate fines and penalties for such violations. 9 Performance Standards Transmission Distribution and Supply 1. Power Quality Standard 1. Power Quality Standard 2. Reliability Standards 2. Reliability Standards 3. System Loss Standards 3. System Efficiency 4. Safety Standards Standards 4. Customer Service Standards 4. Safety Standards 10 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS q Power Quality shall be defined as the quality of the voltage, including its frequency and the resulting current, that are measured in the Grid/Distribution during normal conditions. q A Power Quality problem exists when at least one of the following conditions is present and significantly affects the normal operation of the System: qThe System Frequency has deviated from the nominal value of 60 Hz; qVoltage magnitudes are outside their allowable range of variation; qHarmonic Frequencies are present in the System; 11 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS qThere is imbalance in the magnitude of the phase voltages; qThe phase displacement between the voltages is not equal to 120 degrees; qVoltage Fluctuations cause Flicker that is outside the allowable Flicker Severity limits; or qHigh-frequency Overvoltages are present in the Grid/Distribution System. 12 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS A. Frequency Variations qThe nominal fundamental frequency shall be 60 Hz or within the limits of 59.7 Hz and 60.3 Hz during normal conditions. B. Voltage Variations - the deviation of the voltage's root-mean-square (RMS) value from its nominal value, expressed in percent. q Two Types: 1. Short Duration Voltage Variation 2. Long Duration Voltage Variation 13 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 1. Short Duration Voltage Variation - a variation of the RMS value of the voltage from nominal voltage for a time greater than one- half cycle of the power frequency but not exceeding one minute. § Voltage Swell - if the RMS value of the voltage increases to between 110 percent and 180 percent of the nominal value. § Voltage Sag (or Voltage Dip) - f the RMS value of the voltage decreases to between 10 percent and 90 percent of the nominal value. 14 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 15 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 2. Long Duration Voltage Variation - a variation of the RMS value of the voltage from nominal voltage for a time greater than one minute. § Undervoltage - if the RMS value of the voltage is less than or equal to 90 percent of the nominal voltage § Overvoltage - if the RMS value of the voltage is greater than or equal to 110 percent of the nominal value. 16 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 17 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS (Philippine Grid Code) The Grid Owner and the System Operator shall ensure that the Long Duration Voltage Variations result in RMS values of the voltages that are greater than 95 percent but less than 105 percent of the nominal voltage at any Connection Point during normal conditions. (Philippine Distribution Code) The Distributor shall ensure that the Distribution System has sufficient capacity so that Voltage Sags when starting large induction motors will not adversely affect any User facilities or Equipment. 18 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS C. Harmonics q The sinusoidal voltages and currents having frequencies that are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency. 1. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) shall be defined as the ratio of the RMS value of the harmonic content to the RMS value of the fundamental quantity, expressed in percent. 2. Total Demand Distortion (TDD) shall be defined as the ratio of the RMS value of the harmonic content to the RMS value of the rated or maximum fundamental quantity, expressed in percent. 19 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 20 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS THD and TDD according to the Grid Code THD and TDD according to the Distribution Code q THD of the voltage and TDD of the current shall not exceed five percent (5%) during normal operating conditions. 21 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS D. VOLTAGE UNBALANCE (Philippine Grid Code) q Negative Sequence Unbalance Factor shall be defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the negative sequence component of the voltages to the magnitude of the positive sequence component of the voltages, expressed in percent. § The maximum Negative Sequence Unbalance Factor at the Connection Point of any User shall not exceed one (1) percent during normal operating conditions. q Zero Sequence Unbalance Factor shall be defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the zero sequence component of the voltages to the magnitude of the positive sequence component of the voltages, expressed in percent. § The maximum Zero Sequence Unbalance Factor at the Connection Point of any User shall not exceed one (1) percent during normal operating conditions. 22 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS D. VOLTAGE UNBALANCE (Philippine Distribution Code) q Voltage Unbalance shall be defined as the maximum deviation from the average of the three-phase voltages divided by the average of the three-phase voltages, expressed in percent. § The maximum Voltage Unbalance at the Connection Point of any User, excluding the Voltage Unbalance passed on from the Grid, shall not exceed 2.5 percent during normal operating conditions. 23 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 24 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS E. VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION AND FLICKER SEVERITY q Voltage Fluctuations (Philippine Grid Code) - defined as systematic variations of the voltage envelope or random amplitude changes where the RMS value of the voltage is between 90 percent and 110 percent of the nominal voltage. § The Voltage Fluctuation at any Connection Point with a fluctuating demand shall not exceed one percent (1%) of the nominal voltage for every step change, which may occur repetitively. Any large Voltage Fluctuation other than a step change may be allowed up to a level of three percent (3%) provided that this does not constitute a risk to the Grid or to the System of any User. 25 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS E. VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION AND FLICKER SEVERITY q Flicker (Philippine Grid Code and Distribution Code) - defined as the impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with time. § Short Term Flicker Severity shall be computed over a 10-minute period. § Long-Term Flicker Severity shall be derived from the Short-Term Flicker Severity levels. § MAXIMUM FLICKER SEVERITY Short Term Long Term GRID 115 kV and above 0.8 unit 0.6 unit Below 115 kV 1.0 unit 0.8 unit DISTRIBUTION 1.0 unit 0.8 unit 26 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 27 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS F. Transient Voltage Variations q Transient Voltages shall be defined as the high-frequency Overvoltages that are generally shorter in duration compared to the Short Duration Voltage Variations. 28 1. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS 29  2. RELIABILITY STANDARDS Criteria for Establishing Transmission Criteria for Establishing Distribution Reliability Standards Reliability Standards q ERC shall impose a uniform q ERC shall impose a uniform system of recording and reporting system of recording and reporting of Grid reliability performance. of Grid reliability performance. Each Grid shall be evaluated The Distribution System shall be annually to compare its actual evaluated annually to compare its performance with the targets. actual performance with the targets. q Transmission Reliability Indices q The ERC shall prescribe a q Distribution Reliability Indices reliability index that will measure: q The following distribution 1. the total number of sustained Reliability indices shall be imposed power interruptions in the Grid. on all Distribution Utilities: 2. the total duration of sustained (a) System Average Interruption power interruptions in the Grid. Frequency Index (SAIFI);. 3. the reliability performance of the (b) System Average Interruption Grid using other indices. Duration Index (SAIDI); and (c) Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI). 30  2. RELIABILITY STANDARDS q Distribution Reliability Indices (PDC) (a) System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) - defined as the total number of sustained Customer power Interruptions within a given period divided by the total number of Customers served within the same period. (b)System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) – defined as the total duration of sustained Customer power Interruptions within a given period divided by the total number of Customers served within the same period. (c) Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI) - defined as the total number of momentary Customer power Interruptions within a given period divided by the total number of Customers served within the same period. 31  2. RELIABILITY STANDARDS Inclusions and Exclusions of Interruption Events The following events shall be excluded in the The following events shall be excluded in calculation of the reliability indices: the calculation of the reliability indices: a) Outages that occur on the secondary lines of a) Outages that occur outside the Grid; the Distribution System; b) Outages due to generation deficit; b) Outages due to generation, transmission line, c) Planned Outages where the Users have or transmission substation failure; been notified at least seven (7) days c) Planned Outages where the Customers or prior to the loss of power; Users have been notified at least three (3) d) Outages that are initiated by the System days prior to the loss of power; Operator or Market Operator during the d) Outages that are initiated by the System occurrence of Significant Incidents or Operator/Market Operator during the the failure of their facilities; occurrence of Significant Incidents or the e) Outages caused by Adverse Weather or failure of their facilities; Major Storm Disasters which result in e) Outages caused by Adverse Weather or Major the declaration by the government of a Storm Disasters which result in the declaration state of calamity; and by the government of a state of calamity in the f) Outages due to other events that the franchise area of the Distributor; and ERC shall approve after due notice and f) Outages due to other events that the ERC hearing. shall approve after due notice and hearing. 32 2. RELIABILITY STANDARDS Submission of Distribution Reliability Reports and Performance Targets (PGC) The Grid Owner and the (PDC) The Distributor shall System Operator shall submit submit every three (3) months every three (3) months the the monthly Interruption monthly Interruption reports for reports for its Distribution each Grid using the standard System using the standard format prescribed by the ERC. format prescribed by the ERC. 33 3. SYSTEM LOSS STANDARDS (PGC) / SYSTEM EFFICIENCY STANDARDS (PDC) System Loss Classifications 1. The Technical Loss shall be 1. The Technical Loss shall be the the aggregate of conductor aggregate of conductor loss, the loss, the core loss in core loss in transformers, and any transformers, and any loss due loss due to technical metering error. to technical metering error. 2. The Non-Technical Loss shall be 2. The Non-Technical Loss shall the aggregate of the Energy lost be the aggregate of the Energy due to pilferage, meter-reading loss due to meter-reading errors, and meter tampering. errors and meter tampering. 3. The Administrative Loss shall 3. The Administrative Loss shall include the Energy that is required include the Energy that is for the proper operation of the required for the proper Distribution System and any operation of the Grid. unbilled Energy for community- related activities. 34 4/5. SAFETY STANDARDS (PGC) / (PDC) Adoption of PEC and OSHS 1. The Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) Parts 1 and 2 govern the safety requirements for electrical installation, operation, and maintenance. 2. The Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) aims to protect every workingman against the dangers of injury, sickness, or death through safe and healthful working conditions. 35 5. CUSTOMER SERVICE STANDARDS (PDC) Customer Service Standards 1. The Guaranteed Standards shall refer to the Customer Services where a penalty is imposed on the Distributor (or Supplier) for failing to meet the target level of performance. The penalty is given to the affected Customer. 2. Overall Standards shall refer to the Customer Services where it is not appropriate to give a guarantee, but where the Customers have a right to expect the Distributor (or Supplier) to deliver a reasonable level of service. 36